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Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent complaints of women which is due to Prostaglandin release and is treated by chemical drugs. Today regarding side effects of these drugs, scientists are increasingly moving toward using herbal drugs. This study is planned to comparison the effects of Thymus Vulgaris and Mefenamic acid on primary dysmenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Target population was women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and study population was women reffering to marriage consulting center. Based on α=0/5, β=0/20, sample size was calculated 214 which were divided into two groups randomly. Samples were asked to determine their pain severity before using the drug, by a visual scale (0-10cm). In the study group each sample cosumed 15 grams Thyme leaf brewed in a glass of water and in control group samples used 250mg Mefenamic acid capsules. Then pain severity was determined again 1, 2 and 3 hours after using drugs. Data was analysed by mean and standard deviation indexes and K-S, man-whitney and chi-square tests. Helsinki declaration was regarded at all stages of the research.
Results: Pain severity mean, before using the two drugs had no significant difference between groups. In each group, pain severity was significantly decreased before and after using the drug (p=0.05). But the rate of decreasing pain between the two groups showed no significant difference.
Conclusion: Regarding results, it seems both Mefenamic acid and Thymus Vulgaris decrease pain at the same level which seems to be due to Thyme,s antiprostaglandin and antispasmodic effects.

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Background: Glycoconjugates molecules showed a programmed changes during the development. These components in the cell-surface and extracellular matrix plays important roles for different developmental processes. In this study lectin histochemistry technique was used for identification and localization of some glycoconjugates during the development of thymus. Methods and Materials: Balb/C mice embryos from days 10 to 15 and also day 18 fetuses fixed in formalin and provided 5m serial sections of these samples for histochemical study. Slices were incubated with three types of HRP-conjugated lectins (HRP) include: SBA specified for α, β-D-N-acetylgalactoseamin (α,β-D-GalNAc), PNA specified for β-D-Galactose -(1-3)-D-N-acetylgalactoseamin (β-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc) , MPA specified for D-Galactose (D- Gal). Results: SBA lectin was presented with decreasing intensity in the Golgi zone (GZ) and cell surfaces of mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and T-cells microenvironment in studying days. In first day (12&13) T-cells had high reaction with SBA in membranes and GZ. PNA lectin was revealed with several intensity in basal membranes and membranes of mesenchymal cells, epithelial and microenvironment of T-cells in studying days. MPA lectin weakly presented in the endodermal and mesenchymal cells and microenvironment of T-cells in all days. Conclusion: Results indicated that glycoconjugates molecules with terminal carbohydrate of GalNAc might have a role in the development of thymus gland and maturation of the T-cells. Glycoconjugates with terminal disaccharide of Gal/GalNAc probably have significant effect on the total developmental process of thymus gland. Further, Glycoconjugates with terminal carbohydrate of Gal probably had not a key role in the development of thymus gland and T-cells or with low quantity effect.

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Background: Thymus is essential in creating some of the disorders and diseases. Treatment of these disorders (particularly tumors and myasthenia gravis) is possible with complete removal of the thymus.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study over a period of eleven years, all case of thymectomy performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of shahid Beheshti University has investigated. Variables examined included age, sex, primary diagnosis, surgical technique, complications and results of surgery.

Results: The total number of patients was 50 (46% male and 54% female) with a mean age of 85.14 ± 46.41 years. Primary diagnosis was myasthenia gravis in 40% of patients and thymoma in 42% of them. Myasthenic symptom was the most common presenting symptom (50%). Radical thymectomy surgery was performed in 64% of patients. Fever and atelectasis (10%) and respiratory failure (12%) were the most common postoperative complication and mortality rate was 4%. Thymoma (64%) and thymus hyperplasia (20%) were the most frequent pathology. Clinical symptoms were gone or greatly reduced in 40% of patients. The majority of them had a primary diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (36%). 50% of patients have been followed up. The mean follow-up time in these patients is 32.20 ± 36.41 months.

Conclusion: Thymectomy surgery with low morbidity and mortality, provides the possibility of treatment of thymic lesions. Especially Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis

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Introduction: The emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida albicans diseases poses a threat to global public health. New treatments are needed to target C. albicans and its ability to produce hyphae. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic effects and antifungal properties of Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum extracts alone and in combination on C. albicans.
Methods: In this experimental study, extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum were prepared using hot water (60 ^°C) and Soxhlet extraction with methanol (10%). Yeast susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion and broth microdilution guidelines. The hyphal model was created in the presence of alcoholic extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum alone and in combination. Crystal violet staining, microscopic observation and gene expression analysis were used to evaluate the inhibition of hyphal growth.
Results: The results showed that 90% of the C. albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Thymus vulgaris in combination with Trigonella foenum-graecum showed synergistic, partially synergistic and additive effects. Alcoholic extracts of Thymus vulgaris with Trigonella foenum-graecum alone and in combination have anti-hyphae activity by reducing the percentage of hyphae, reducing the number of planktonic cells and the transition of planktonic cells to hyphae, and down-regulating the Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 1 (SAP1) gene.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that extracts of Thymus vulgaris alone and in combination with Trigonella foenum-graecum may offer a potent alternative strategy to combat resistant C. albicans infections and their ability to reduce hyphae formation. Additionally, the SAP1 gene could be a likely target in the synergistic interaction of alcoholic extracts of Thymus vulgaris in combination with Trigonella foenum-graecum against the C. albicans hyphae model.