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Introduction: The increasing users of microwave appliances such as cell phones caused an increasing interest on investigation of its adverse effects on human health and development of animals.This study is done to investigate the effects of simulating cell phone waves on gonads and sex cells of male Balb/C mouse. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study in which with the use of generating apparatus of simulating cell phone waves, adult male mice were exposed to cell phone waves for 10 days (4 hours per day). Then structure and ultrastructure of testes and number of sex cells were examined by light and transmission electron microscope. Data was analyzed using t and Mann Whitney testes. Results: The results did not show any significant differences in the size and weight of testes in mice exposed to the simulating cell phone waves. Results also showed that the number of spermatogonia cells and primary spermatocytes and spermatids and sperms were significantly increased in exposed mice (p<0.05), but the number of sertoli cells were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The study of micrographs showed changes in ultrastructure of sexual cells, such as cleft and hetrochromatined nucleus and decrease of cell organelles and vacuolization of cytoplasm. Conclusion: Results indicate the effect of simulating cell phone waves on number and ultrastructure of sex cell in male Balb/C mouse.

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Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fed fish oil (FO) with or without vitamin E for mothers on the testis cells of male offsprings.

Materials and Methods: Sixty mature female NMRI mice were divided into different groups: control (CTR; Standard diet(vitamin E 50 mg IU/kg) pre and postnatal period); I) Gavages 0.01 ml/day/mother fish oil (FO)+CTR diet during prenatal period; II) Gavages FO+CTR diet during postnatal period; III) consumed VITE(125 mg IU/kg) 2.5 folded greater than standard recommendations(2×)during prenatal period; IV)consumed VITE(2×)diet during pre and postnatal period; V)consumed VITE(2×)diet during postnatal period; VI) Gavages FO+VITE(2×) diet during prenatal period; VII) Gavage FO+VITE(2×)diet during postnatal period ;VIII) Gavages FO+VITE (2×)diet during pre and postnatal period. After weaning, the testes were collected and histological data were analyzed using SAS software by Duncan test.

Results: testes cells length, width and weight was lower in offspring which their mothers fed FO+CTR diet during prenatal, (p<0.05).Vitamin E consumption during postnatal period improved these parameters (p<0.05). Spermatogoni (47 vs. 43), spermatocyte (43 vs. 34), Spermatid (63 vs. 44), Sertoli (0.9 vs. 2), and Leydig (3 vs. 1.7) were increased as FO+VITE was used than CTR (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The positive effects of supplementation maternal diet by FO with VITE or sole VITE was observed. Thus, antioxidants should be consumed along with omega-3 fatty acids in maternal diet.