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Introduction: The reason of infertility can have a direct influence on the plan and outcome of management. In this paper we intend to show the effect of tuberculosis (TB) history on female infertility among infertile couples attending to Rooyan infertility management center. Materials and methods: In this case-control study our cases were those who were diagnosed as infertile female and controls were those women whose husbands were infertile due to some male factor. We used logestic regression for analyzing the association of history of Tuberculosis and female infertility with attributable risk estimation. Results: 308 cases were compared to 314 controls. Considering the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, there was a significant difference between the history of TB and infertility (OR=4.7, 95% CI: 1.01-29.91). The attributable risk of TB for female infertility was 0.023±0.01 (which is significant at 5% level). Conclusion: These figures show that at least 2% of female infertility can be prevented by prevention and proper treatment of tuberculosis.

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Introduction: Sensory stimulation of comatos patients is an important nursing intervention for increasing their LOC and tactile stimulation especially massage is one of the most important stimulations. The nurse as a person, who is responsible for this, must know the effects of this intervention on patients. But there are some conflicts about this intervention's effects especially on vital signs (pulse, blood pressure and respiration). This study was done to determine the effect of massage on comatos patient's vital signs who were hospitalized in intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Samples were consisted of 100 comatos patients, divided into two equal groups randomly. The two groups were matched in age, geneder and glascow coma scale. Samples in experimental group received 20 minutes massage on their back, feet and hands in three continuous days. Vital signs in experimental group were measured before and immediately after intervention and vital signs in control group were measured at the same time with experimental group. A check list used was used for collecting data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics (T, paired T and Chi-square tests). Results: Findings showed that massage decreased vital signs significantly as followed: pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure in each three days (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure in first and third days (p<0.05), respiration rate in second day (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that massage can decrease comatos patients' vital signs which can be the indicator of their relaxation and decreasing stress.

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Introduction: Due to the absence of frozen section in the majority of hospitals, malignant breast masses are being operated in two admissions first for biopsy and second for mastectomy. With simple and rapid technique of touch imprint (intraoperative cytology) both operations can be done in the same time. In this study the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative cytology (touch imprint) in malignancy of breast masses is evaluated. Materials and Methods: During 2003 to 2006, reports of touch imprints of 70 patients with breast masses were compared to reports of their permanent section. Based on gathered data, positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio of the test were determined. Results: In 70 patients, 39 cases had malignant and 31 cases had benign masses. In 39 patients with malignant masses, 36 patients had malignant and 3 patients had benign cytologic reports. In 31 patients with benign masses 2 patients had malignant reports in cytology. Therefore sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of touch imprint in diagnosis of malignant breast masses were 92.3%, 93.5% and 92.9% respectively. Conclusion: Because of high specificity of touch imprint, it seems that this test can be done in centers that do not have frozen section for intraoperative diagnosis of malignant breast masses.

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Introduction: Left ventriculor hypertrephy (LVH) is one of the complicotions of systemic hypertension. LVH increases probabiltis of cardiac arrhytmia and cardiovasculer event in hypertensive patiants. In addition to hypertension other factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglicemia and renal failure can cause LVH. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) and some laboratory factors on LVH. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study in which patients in case group (hypertensive patients with LVH) and patients in control group (hypertensive patients without LVH) were compared for BMI, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinin. Data was analyzed using Chi square test and logistic regression. Results: BMI with, high blood glucose with, high BUN and Creatinin signiticant affect in LVH presentation in hypertensive patiants. Dyslipidemia had not signiticant affect. Conclusion: In this study BMI, hyperglicemia, high BUN and Creatinin affected LVH presention in hypertensive patiant. So it is recommended that these factors be carfuly monitored and and treated.

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Introduction: Prolonged labor is an important problem during labor which can have undesirable effects on both maternal and fetal health. Shortening the duration of labor has always been one of the aims of obstetricians. Hence, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of massage on the duration of labor in women attending to Bentolhoda Maternity Unit in the city of Bojnord, Northern Khorasan, Iran in 2005. Materials and Methods: In this clinical tial study, 62 primiparous women with normal pregnancy were participated. The indications of normal pregnancy included a gestational age of 37-42 weeks, single tone, and vertex presentation. Sampling was done by purposive method. Women were randomly allocated in two groups. The experimental group (n=32) received a 30-minute directional, reasonably firm and rhythmic effleurage massage in the back in each of the three phases of labor. The control group (n=30), did not receive any form of massage and received a routine 30-minutes nursing care in each of the three phases. Measurements were then made for strength, interval and frequency of contractions and the duration of each phase. Data were analyzed using student t, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Findings showed a significant decrease in the duration of labor after massage sessions. The mean duration of labor for the massage group was 5.75 hourse and for the routine nursing care group 9.15 houres (p=0.001). Conclusion: According to the above results, there was a significant decrease in duration of the first phase of labor in pregnant women receiving massage sessions. Therefore, this method can be used to decrease the period of hospitalization.

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Background: Infantile colic is a behavioral syndrome characterized by severe crying without a specific cause in healthy under three-month-old infants. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of infant massage and rocking on the duration and frequency of crying time in colicky infants. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 100 infants 1-2 weeks of age with colic who referred to Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran, in 2010. The infants were randomly assigned to massage group (n=50) and rocking group (n=50). In the massage group, mothers were recommended to massage their child three times a day for 7 days. In the rocking group, mothers were recommended to rock their child during crying every day for 7 days. In both groups, mothers recorded infant crying durations during one week in a checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean difference of total crying times and durations were 8.34 and 4.12 during the first day and 4.26 time/day and 1.32 hour/day during the last day in the massage group, whereas in the rocking group, these values were 7.50 and 2.42 in the first day and 6.94 and 2.14 hour/day in the last day, respectively. The means of crying times and durations in the massage group were more than those of the rocking group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Infant massage can reduce the duration of crying in colicky infants and it can enhance the relationship between mother and child and their relaxation

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Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common problem in women of reproductive age and despite the current treatments, it still remains a common problem in women’s health. This study was done to determine the effect of aromatherapy on pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 108 students with primary dysmenorrhea with pain score of 2 and 3 based on the multidimensional spoken criteria. After random allocation, the participants received massage with almond oil, massage alone, and massage with a mixture of lavender and peppermint essential oil a week before menstrual period until the presence of pain in two continuous cycles. During cycles zero, one, and two, the participants recorded the highest level of pain during the first, second, and third days according to the visual analogue scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: There was a significant difference in the total of the most pain in days 1, 2, and 3 among the groups(p=0.038). A reduction was observed in massage and aromatherapy groups(p=0.014). There were significant differences in within group comparisons (p=0.002) for zero and first cycles(p=0.016) and first and second cycles(p=0.002). Conclusion: Aromatherapy reduces menstrual pain and considering the prevalence of dysmenorrheal, the low price, and harmless nature of this essence, its application in relieving menstrual cramping and pain is recommended.

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Background: Noticing the particular importance of timely detection of scoliosis due to its progression over the time and associated complications such as non-symmetric appearance, movement restrictions, and sometimes disturbance in cardiac or respiratory function, this screening study was designed to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis in pupils aged 9-16 in Arak.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 984 students aged 9-16 years in Arak, Iran, who were randomly selected by clustering method, were screened for scoliosis by Adams test and suspected pupils were examined by orthopedics and PA X-ray was applied for them. For diagnosis confirmation, the Cobb angle was calculated and angle>6 was considered as scoliosis.

Results: Based on the results, the prevalence of scoliosis was 1.52% and 1.21% in female students and 3.21% in male students. The Cobb angle of about 67% of the cases was less than 10 which indicated minor scoliosis.

Conclusion: The results of the present study necessitate school-based scoliosis screening so that early detection of the disease allows for implementation of a suitable treatment program which can prevent the development of the disease and the financial burden of surgery and its complications.

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. An important goal for cancer patients is to improve the quality of life (QOL) by maximizing functions affected by the disease and its therapy. This study examined the effects of massage therapy on quality of life in women with breast cancer after surgery.

Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental. Among the 53 women with breast cancer surgery and oncology clinic of Arak, 30 were randomly allocated in two groups of massage therapy (n=15) and 5 weeks (30 min, 2 sessions per week) and control (15 cases). Cortisol levels and quality of life questionnaire (SF36) was redirected and mental health groups. Data analysis software SPSS version 16 using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance and a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05) was performed.

Results: The results showed a significant increase in the experimental group improved after the massage, physical (p=0.001) and psycho-social (p=0.002) were compared with control subjects. Massage also improves quality of life and mental health in breast cancer patients after surgery was (p<0.05). However, serum cortisol levels between the experimental and control groups were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The overall results of this study showed that massage therapy can be an effective intervention to improve quality of life and mental health in patients with breast cancer during radiotherapy is used.

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Background: Aging is associated with appetite decline, weight loss, reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass. Ghrelin and Obestatin are two peptides that effect appetite. According to importance of physical activity in energy balance and some body composition variables the aim of this study is investigate the amount of ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition variables and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes 50 -70 year old men.

Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study. Thirty athletes and thirty non-athletes 50-70 years old men took part in this research. Ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition variables include weight, muscle mass, fat mass, present boy fat and body mass index were measured.

Results: The result of this study showed that muscle mass significantly (p<0.01) and ghrelin insignificantly (p=0.16) were higher in athlete group. In addition percent body fat was lower in athletes group insignificantly (p=0.13). There was negative significant relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with muscle mass and positive significant relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with percent body fat in non-athletes group. There was strong relation between ghrelin and obestatin in both groups.

Conclusion: Regular participating in basketball training can increase muscle mass in 50-70 years old men. It seems that exercise training can delay aging effects on body composition by increasing some anabolic hormones such as ghrelin and growth hormone and it can change relationship between ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition variables.

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Background: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Man is an intermediate or accidental host of this parasite, and is infested by consuming contaminated plants or vegetables, or by contact with dogs. The larvae travel through the gut wall and 60-75% are filtered by the liver, and a few travel directly to the lungs to produce a hydatid cyst there. Growth of hydatid cysts has been reported in the spleen, muscles, bones, and brain. Hydatid cyst embolism to peripheral limb arteries is extremely rare.

Case: A 41-year-old gravided woman presented with sudden pain, erythema and warming of the olden infra-inguinal mass which existed from 1 year ago. The notable findings at physical examination included 40*20 mm diameter soft mass with warming and erythema in 4 cm below inguinal ligament of right lower limb. She didn’t mentioned any previous history hydatid cyst. Intraoperatively, Percutaneous aspiration of the mass was performed which demonstrate white turbid fluid. after the surgical incision we saw the white colored subcutaneous hydatid cyst and completely remove it and send it to pathological examination which confirmed hydatid cyst diagnosis. further liver ultrasound and chest radiography hasn’t shown any evidence of liver or lung involvement.

Conclusion: Cystic echinococcosis may affect all organs, but mostly settles in the liver and lungs. We do not have data on the means by which the larvae of echinococcosis reach the inguinal area without liver and lung involvement. Considering the anatomy of the groin and its lymphatic tissue, we can make an assumption about how the hydatid cysts settle in the groin space. Although it occurs rarely, larvae in the gastrointestinal tract may pass to the lymphatic circulation, and then settle in the groin space through the rich lymphatic flow of inguinal area.

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Background: Due to the changing lifestyle in terms of nutrition and physical activity, obesity has become one of the major challenges to human health. The study of metabolic factors involved in this phenomenon plays an important role in preventing and treating the obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between testosterone level and serum lipoproteins such as LDL and HDL with Body Mass Index (BMI), in different age groups of men in Golestan population.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 183 men were randomly selected during 2012. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were obtained according to standard methods, and BMI was calculated for each one. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Pearson bivariate correlation test between groups and one-way Anova test was performed and p<0.05 being considered as significant.

Results: Data analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between BMI and serum testosterone level (p=0.005). In the study population, higher BMI was associated with increased LDL level (p=0.049) and also increasing age (p=0.011). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and HDL levels that were not statistically significant (p=0.068).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that weight gain is associated with increased LDL and low testosterone serum level, and this relation is more meaningful in old men.

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Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to determine overweightness and obesity in epidemiological studies regardless of the sex and age of the subjects. Golden Standards were presented by the World Health Organization to estimate obesity by measuring body fat percentiles. The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the BMI by Cut-points of gold standard.

 Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Measuring body composition was done by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Accuracy of the BIA method is documented in comparison with more complicated methods Diagnosis performance to estimate the accuracy of Body Mass Index was based on measuring specificity, sensitivity, percentile of the power of positive anticipation, and percentile of the power of negative anticipation to diagnose obesity, with due attention to the cut-points of world health organization gold standards and according to sex and age ranking. Data analysis was performed by T-test, Chi-Square and Roc curve. Two Roc curves were compared by Honely formule and regression analysis.

Results: According to the cut-point of gold standard, statistical findings showed that the amounts of sensitivity and specifity were 66% and 90.5% for all persons, respectively. With due attention to data analysis, the level of sensitivity was 50.2% to 73.3% in males and 28.9% to 69.7% in females. Also, with respect to age ranking, percentile of the power of negatire anticipation was reported between 26.7% to 63.6% in males and between 28.9% to 69.7% in females.

Conclusion: Body Mass Index could not accurately classify people in obesity and overweightness groups. The power of BMI for classifying obese and overweight people decreases with increasing age. Overall, comparing BMI and the cut-points of gold standard showed the medium effect of this index in classifying obese and overweight persons. The appropriate cut-point to diagnose obesity was 27.8.

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Background and Aim Physical activity has multiple health benefits, but its association with fertility in women is still unknown. Considering the critical effects of lifestyle on reproductive health, this study aims to compare the physical activity and body composition of fertile and infertile women.
Methods & Materials This is a case-control study that was performed on 100 fertile and 100 infertile women aged 20-40 years referred to the infertility treatment centers in Arak, Iran. they completed self-reported questionnaires surveying sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were also measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of fertility with physical activity level, sedentary behavior, and body composition.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Arak University of Medical Sciences  (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.050).
Results The level of physical activity (P=0.001) was lower and the body mass index (P=0.03) was higher in infertile women than in fertile women. In women with moderate level of physical activity, the risk of infertility was lower (OR=4.42, 95% CI: 1.60-12.99, P=0.004). Women who spent the time sitting for more than 300 minutes a day were 2.07 times more likely to have fertility than women who were physically active (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.36-3.14, P=0.001).
Conclusion Low physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are independent risk factors of infertility. To prevent infertility, more attention should be paid to the lifestyle of women.