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Introduction: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that caused by destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Etiology of this disease is still unknown. It is seen that genetic and environmental factors play an important role for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes. The relationship between HLA associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Also, some studies show that dermatoglyphics is associated with type 1 diabetes. However, it is maybe there is an association between HLA and dermatoglyphics inpatients'with type 1 diabetes and these characteristics could be applied for diagnosis of disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA (with using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method) and dermatoglyphics determined in 30 Iranian patients with IDDM and 30 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and the same geographical area.
Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DQ, A2, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. The results obtain from dermatoglyphics showed that line ab was reduced in male and female type 1 diabetes. The reciever operating chractristics curve showed that the positive point for lines ab in right and left hands were 34.7 and 35.25, respectively.
Discussion: There is no association between HLA and dermatoglyphics.
With considering of genes encoding of HLA separated from genes determining dermatoglyphics, HLA typing and dermatoglyphics seem to be interesting tools for genetic studies related to type 1 diabetes. Further studies are recommended in order to provide more insight into the susceptibility to this disorder.

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  Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, human leukocyte antigens

Introduction: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is created by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in genetically susceptible individuals. The relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Association with different HLA types depends also on the studied populations. The aim of the present study was to determine HLA antigens which represent a high susceptibility to develop the IDDM disease in this area. Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA class-I and II antigens has been determined in 31 Arakian patients with IDDM and 57 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and from the same geographical area. The typing of HLA antigens was carried out using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method. Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-A2, A3, B21, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. In contrast, HLA-DR2, DR7 and B53 were represented at a somewhat higher frequency in controls compared to the IDDM patients. Conclusion: These results indicate that HLA-A2, A3, B21, DR3 and DQ2 antigens contribute to susceptibility to IDDM independently and HLA-DR2, DR7 and B53 antigens maybe associated with prevention of IDDM in Arakian patients.

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Introduction: Dehydroepiandrostrone (DHEA) and its sulfate form is an adrenal hormone and is the most common steroidal hormone in body and despite of other adrenal hormones increases with age, so it is called youth fountain. Recently, DHEA is noticed increasingly because of its multiple effects. Its effect on insulin sensitivity is controversial. In this study the relation between Dehydroepiandrostrone (DHEA) level and Insulin sensitivity is investigated. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, samples were selected among female relatives of diabetic patients referring to Isfahan Endocrine Research Center. They were divided into three groups including diabetic, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance, each 30 persons. In these groups blood sugar, lipid, CBC, Insulin and DHEA-S levels were evaluated and the rate of Insulin sensitivity was determined using Homeostatic Modle Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the relation between insulin sensitivity rate and DHEA in the three groups was compared. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and t-tests. Results: The mean of variables in the three groups of diabetic, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance for DHEA-S was 127, 113, 129 mcg/dl Insulin 7.7, 1.10, 8.3 mcg/ml HOMA-IR 1.6, 3.5, 1.8 and fasting blood sugar 86, 135, 89 mg/dl respectively. Comparison of mean of variables showed that the difference between DHEA-S in groups was not significant. Also there was no meaningful relationship between DHEA-S and blood sugar. In the group with normal glucose tolerance, DHEA-S with HOMA-IR and insulin had a partial meaningful relation (p<0.06). Conclusion: Overally DHEA has no meaningful relation with insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR, but this relation is meaningful in the three groups and the relation between DHEA-S with HOMA-IR in the group with normal glucose tolerance is partially meaningful.

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Abstract Background: Misconceptions of mental models are phenomena that are variance with accepted scientific models. Purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of misconception about half life and concentration of insulin hormone in students of Arak university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 153 undergraduates in medicine and nursing – midwifery faculties of Arak university of medical sciences in 2009, were asked to answer to two questions about half life and concentration of insulin hormone. Results: The prevalence of misconception about half life of insulin hormone in medical, nursing and midwifery students were 75%, 80% and 85%, respectively, and prevalence of misconception about insulin concentration in blood were 31%, 26% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Misconceptions about insulin half life and concentration exist in high percent of students and it is necessary to correct the teaching pattern.

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Background: Adiponectin is a protein which is initially secreted exclusively by adipocytes but its secretion decreases in obese and overweight individuals. With its anti-inflammatory properties, adiponectin acts as an agent which can decrease the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine adiponectin serum levels in type II diabetic men and explore its relationship with insulin resistance following aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods: In this semi- experimental study, 30 men with type II diabetes were randomly assigned to training and control groups. The training group went through an 8-week training program which consisted of three 40-50 minute aerobic exercise sessions a week (running on treadmill at intensities corresponding to 30to 75% of maximal heart rate (35-75% HR max)). For measuring adiponectin and insulin serum levels, blood samples were obtained through ELISA technique in 2 stages, weeks zero and eight. For determining insulin resistance, insulin resistance index was utilized. In order to evaluate the results, dependent and independent t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The results did not indicate the presence of a significant relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance following training (P=0, r=-0.14). In comparison with the control group, training induced a 39% decrease in adiponectin serum levels, a 10% decrease in BMI and bodyweight, and a 48% decrease in insulin resistance (P>0.001) Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that in response to the 8-week aerobic training program, adiponectin serum levels significantly increased while insulin resistance got decreased. In addition, there was not a significant relationship between adiponectin serum level changes following training and insulin resistance index.

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Background: The effects of acute and chronic exercises on insulin resistance index may be related to one or more factors, including morphological changes and hormonal modifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single session of resistance training on adiponectin levels and insulin resistance until 24 hours post-exercise. Materials and Methods: This experimental study, which followed a pretest-posttest design, was conducted on a group of 10 healthy male volunteers (23±1.4 years) with no history of participation in any regular exercise programs, weight changes more than 2 kg, special diseases, and smoking over the past 6 months that had normal body mass index (BMI) (23.7±1.6 kg.m-2). The subjects performed a single session resistance training (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1 repetition maximum). Adiponectin, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index levels were measured before and 24 hours after the exercise. Results: There were no significant differences for adiponectin (μ g.ml-1) pre- (6.98±1.9) and post-exercise (8.07±1.4) and glucose (mg.dl-1) pre- (81.3±7.6) and post-exercise (80.7±6.4). However, insulin resistance index pre- (1.34±0.27) and post-exercise (1.06±0.11) and insulin concentration (UΙμ.ml-1) pre-(6.64±0.88) and post-exercise (5.37±0.43) decreased significantly 24 hours post-exercise (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested that a single session of resistance training with no significant changes in adiponectin level can have positive effects on glycemic indices in sedentary men.

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Background: Different studies have shown that vitamin D may play a functional role in insulin secretion and sensitivity. This study evaluates the effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was done on 100 patients with type II diabetes mellitus that aged 30-70 years. The patients were randomly selected and different examinations were done on them. They received 50000 units of oral vitamin D daily for four weeks. Insulin resistance was measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done by paired t-test and Wilcoxon test using SPSS software version 17. Results: The participants consisted of 70 women and 30 men. Mean vitamin D was 43.03±19.28 ng/ml and 24% of the participants were vitamin D deficient based on the cut-off 25(OH) D <20 ng/ml. At the beginning and the end of the study, the mean levels for FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR were 138.48±36.74 and 131.02±39 mg/dl (P=0.05), 10.76±9.46 and 8.6±8.25 µIu/ml (P= 0.02), and 3.57±3.18 and 2.89±3.28 (P= 0.008), respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that vitamin D causes significant improvements in FPG, insulin, and insulin resistance, that was evaluated by HOMA-IR. It was also indicated that adding vitamin D supplements can improve glucose control in type II diabetes mellitus.

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Background: Launaea acanthodes is used as a common medicinal plant in central regions of Iran. To investigate the probable hypoglycemic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of L. acanthodes as well as its effects on serum level of insulin and biochemical factors in normal and hyperglycemic rats, the present study was carried out. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 24 male albino Wistar rats, weighting 250-300 g were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6) control, type 1 diabetic rats (STZ 55 mg/kg), type 1 diabetic rats treated by subcutaneous injection of 5 IU/kg insulin (STZ+insulin) and type 1 diabetic rats treated by injection (i.p) of 150 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of L. Acanthodes (STZ+extract). The injection of insulin and extract were done every day from day 1 to day 21 of experiment. After that, all animals were kept up to day 30. Blood serum were collected and analyzed for the levels of glucose and biochemical factors (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) measurements, in the 15th and 30th day of experiment. Results: The results showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in glucose level and significant increase (p<0.05) in insulin level in STZ+extract group, when compared with other hyperglycemic groups in 30th day of experiment. Conclusion: These results indicate that the hydro- alcoholic extract of L.acanthodes could be effective in the treatment of diabetes. It can be concluded that extract administration somehow induce insulin secretion probably through stimulation of remaining β cells or their hyperplasia in Langerhans islets. This effect can also be referred to flavonoides constituent and antioxidant property of extract, too.

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Background: Increased insulin resistance, inflammatory factors and parameters of oxidative stress are associated with the development of diabetes complications. This study was designed to determine the beneficial effects of synbiotic Gaz on insulin resistance, inflammatory factor and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: This randomized crossover double-blinded controlled clinical trial was performed among 62 diabetic patients aged 35-70 y. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume of either the synbiotic (n=62) or control Gaz (n=62) for 6 weeks. A 3-week washout period considered. The synbiotic Gaz was consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistance strain Lactobacillus sporogenes (1×107 CFU), 0.04 g inulin and 0.05 g stevia per 1 g as sweeteners' substances. Control Gaz (the same substance without probiotic bacteria and prebiotic inulin) was. Patients were received synbiotic and control foods in a 7 g package thrice a day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6-week intervention to measure insulin resistance, hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Results: Consumption of synbiotic Gaz, compared with control, resulted in a significant decrease in serum insulin (p=0.02) and hs-CRP levels (p=0.008). Supplementation with synbiotic Gaz led also to a significant increase in plasma total glutathione (p<0.0001) compared to the control.

Conclusion: In conclusion, consumption of synbiotic Gaz for 6 weeks resulted in decreased levels of serum insulin, hs-CRP and increased levels of plasma total glutathione.

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Background: Interleukin-1&beta (IL-1&beta) as a cytokine act in relationship to development of obesity and Insulin resistance. purpose of the study was compare the effects of Ramadan fasting (as dietary pattern) and aerobic exercise training on IL-1&beta and Insulin resistance in non-active obese subjects.
Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental research with repeated measures design. In this study, 18 obese male in Mashhad (between 40 to 50 years old and body mass index>30 Kg/m2) randomly was selected and after it was divided into fasting (N=9) and fasting and aerobic exercise training (N=9) groups. While the first group performed the fasting, then other group was performed aerobic exercise training for 27 sessions. They also performed the fasting. Finally, blood samples were taken for four different times.
Results: Statistic analysis shown that body fat percent of subjects was significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.05). Also, amount of insulin resistance was significantly decreased in fasting group (p<0.05). In addition, amount of IL-1&beta was significantly decreased in both groups(p<0.05).
Conclusion: Research results shown that levels of IL-1&beta decreased by fasting and especially by aerobic exercise training and it may lead to the decrease of insulin resistance in obese subjects.

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Background: Obestatin and leptin are two important hormones in energy homeostasis that have been discovered in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense aerobic exercise on plasma levels of obestatin, leptin, insulin and growth hormones in male obese Sprague Dawley Rats.

Materials and Methods: In this exprimontal study 50 male rats, with the weight range of 20±320 were taken from the Animal Laboratory of Medical Sciences in Shiraz University, and were divided into two training groups: experimental and control. The exercise program consisted of 8 weeks of intense aerobic exercise, 5 sessions per week. The exercise started at a speed of 5 meters per minute and with a slope of zero degree for 15 minutes and the intensity progressively reached up to the speed of 25 m/m and the slope of 15 degrees for 75 minutes in the last week and ended. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the last training session and were sent to the laboratory to measure the levels of obestatin, leptin, insulin and growth hormones. SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to assess the results.

Results: There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of obestatin (p=0.02), leptin (p=0.02), and insulin (p=0.03), while the results showed that no meaningful difference was observed in the amount of growth hormone between the control group and intense training group (p=0.07).

Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that after sports activities leading to weight loss, the reduction of anti-hunger hormones (obestatin and leptin) is expected.

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Background: Irisin, a recently identified myokine that seems had important role in hemostasis regulatation and improving insulin resistance. The effect of exercise training on serum irisin levels in type 2 diabates (T2D) is controversial. This study aims to investigate the effect of 6 weeks selective aerobic training on serum irisn levels and insulin resistance in women with T2D.

Materials and Methods: This research is a semi experimental study with pre-and post-test design. Research subjects were 20 women with T2D (mean age 47.4±5.6 years and BMI 29.92±3.42). Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: exercise group (n=12) and control group (n=8). Training protocol performed in 6 weeks (4 times a weeks, 40-65 min per session) and main training intencity and time were increased per week (50%-80% Hrmax). Main aerobic training was performed in 6 blocks, each block consisted of 32. Blood sample was collected before the and after end of training protocol.

Results: The results showed significant decrease in blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index and significant increase in serum irisin levels in exercise group compared with the control group (p≤0.05), but there is no significant correlation between serum irisin levels and insulin resistance.

Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training can have considerable impact on serum irisin levels, fasting blood glucos and insulin resistance index in women with T2D.

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Background: Irisin is a new myokine that exerts its positive effects via increasing energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of submaximal aerobic training on serum irisin level and irisin-related insulin-resistance change in obese men.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 26 obese men were selected as statistical sample and they were divided into experimental groups. Former group (13 men) consisted of subjects who carried out exercise training with 50-60 percent of maximum max heart rate for 10 continuous weeks (3 sessions per week for 30 to 45 minutes in each session). Later group was consisted of subjects who do not carried out exercise training. After  the interventions of study, irisin serum levels, insulin resistance indices, body composition and maximum oxygen consumption were determined.  Finally, data were analyzed by Stata software.

Results: Statistical data analysis illustrated that the amounts of irisin serum were significantly increased in exercise training group than control group (14.75±6.22; p=0.022) after the intervention. Also, only body fat percentage (1.242±0.57) and max oxygen consumption (1.509±0.328) of subjects were significantly increased (p=0.034 and p=0.0001, respectively). However, there were not statistically significant changes in irisin- related insulin-resistance indices (p>0.05).    

Conclusion: Current study presented that serum irisin was increased after 30 submaximal exercise training sessions regardless of insulin resistance changes in obese men.

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Background: Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that is reduced with type 2 diabetes and improves insulin resistance via the browning of white adipose tissues. However, irisin response to two types of exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes is unknown.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 22 diabetic Wistar rats (Induced by high-fat diet and injections Stz) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: high intensity interval exercise (HIIT), low intensity continuous training (LICT) and control (C). Both HIIT and LICT groups trained on the treadmill 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the last training session and plasma irisin, insulin and glucose levels were measured. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze data and the level of significance has been considered at p≤0.05.

Results: Data analysis showed that plasma irisin levels in the HIIT group were significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between other groups (p>0.05). Plasma glucose in both HIIT and LICT groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05). But plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance index were not different between groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that exercise training can increase plasma irisin in rats with type 2 diabetes. However, these changes are partially dependent on the type of exercise training.

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Background: High intensity training can lead to lower the appetite. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of folate supplementation on ghrelin level of stomach and insulin level of serum in male wistar rats during 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT).

Materials and Methods: Twenty seven male Wistar rats (weight= 203.94±27.34 gr, Age: 9 weeks) after one week familiarization, were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=6), folate supplementation (n=6), (HIIT) (n=7) and HIIT+ folate supplement (n=8). HIIT training protocol started with 30 m/min running on treadmill for 1 min with 10 reps and 2 min active rest at the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min for 1 min with 7 reps and 3 min active rest at last 3 weeks. Acylated ghrelin level of stomach tissue and serum level of insulin were assayed by ELISA kit.

Results: The results of Kruskal-vallis analysis showed that the ghrelin level of stomach was increased significantly (p=0.001) in folate+HIIT in compare with HIIT group. Also, insulin level of serum was decreased significantly (p=0.001) in folate +HIIT in compare with control and HIIT groups.

Conclusion: Based on our results, folate supplementation during high intensity interval training, increased the ghrelin of stomach and decreased the insulin level of serum. So, it seems that folate supplementation can prevent from losing appetite in athletes who train with high intensity training with interval type.

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2). In this study, we compare serum nesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods: 18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control, diabetes type 1, and diabetes type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). Weight, FBG (fasting blood glucose), insulin, nesfatin-1were measured in all groups after 6 weeks.

Results: Nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats compared to the control. Its level in serum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weight were reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control. Body weight was lower significantly in type 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. FBG was increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and it was higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly.

Conclusion: The results indicated that nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higher than type 1, probably because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats.

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Abstract

Background: We are aware of no study evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters in PCOS women.

Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 52 women diagnosed with PCOS and aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 220 mg zinc sulfate (containing 50 mg zinc) supplements (n=26) or placebo (n=26) per day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention to quantify glucose and insulin.

Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, zinc-supplemented patients had reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-4.3±9.6 vs. +0.5±6.0 mg/dL, p=0.03), serum insulin (-3.0 ± 2.9 vs. + 1.5 ± 8.4 µIU/ml, p=0.01), serum triglycerides levels (-15.6±40.3 vs. +14.5±25.3 mg/dL, p=0.002) and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (+0.02±0.02 vs. -0.004±0.05, p=0.03) compared with the placebo.

Conclusion: Taken together, 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation per day for 8 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on metabolic profiles.

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Abstract

Background: Recently a myokine named irisin has been discovered that effects on obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis through browning white adipose tissue and thermogenesis. However, the effects of type and intensity of exercises on it have remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two acute eccentric and concentric exercises on serum irisin level and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women.

Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental. 15 female students with a body mass index above 30 kg/m² and mean age 24.86±2.87 years participated in the study. After measuring the maximal uptake oxygen of participants, they did two acute eccentric and concentric exercises using treadmill in a cross-over design within 10 days. After at least 8 hours- fasting, blood samples were collected before and immediately after each activity, to measure the levels of irisin, glucose and insulin. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. In addition, Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between variables.

Results: the irisin levels increased significantly after both types of exercises (p<0.05), that this increase in concentric activity was more than eccentric activity. Insulin resistance increased immediately after both exercises as well, that this increase in concentric exercise was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: However, both eccentric and concentric exercises had no effect on improving insulin resistance in obese women, but they can be considered as a good stimulus for the secretion of Irisin.

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Abstract

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and it is a central factor to induce the insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic training on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene expression and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 Wistar rats were divided into aerobic training and control groups. After inducing diabetes intra protaneally, aerobic training group performed training protocol for 12 weeks and 5 session/week. The duration and speed of each session increased progressively as 18 to 26 m/min and 10 to 55 min, respectively. Then, blood and tissue (from gastrocnemius) sampling were carried out in diabetic rats. Insulin resistance markers and PTP1B gene expression were evaluated by commercial kits and Real-Time PCR method, respectively.

Results: Findings showed that PTP1B significantly was decreased in diabetic rats of aerobic training group (p=0.0001). Also, glucose and insulin resistance significantly was decreased in aerobic training groups (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively). However, insulin in control rats was significantly increased (p=0.015).

Conclusion: It seems that, current aerobic training protocol has capability to decrease PTP1B and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the direct correlation between PTP1B and insulin illustrated that any changes in insulin resistance due to exercise training associated with diminution of negative regulation of insulin signaling pathway.

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Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and GnRH agonist on the levels of apelin and insulin resistance index in girls with central precocious puberty.

Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty-five girls (7.44±0.34 years) with precocious puberty were included. They were randomly divided into three groups (drug, n=10, exercise+drug, n=8, and exercise, n=7) and one control group (healthy, n=10). In the experimental group, aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 3 days/week was done, duration intensity of exercise gradually increased 5 minutes and 5% respectively every 2 week. Also, the GnRH agonists were used as medicine. BMI, the apelin and insulin resistance index were assessed before and after exercise.

Results: Insulin resistance index and apelin serum levels in experimental group (exercise and exercise+ drug) were significantly decreased(p=0.05), while these factors were unchanged in control group (p=0.05). Additionally, BMI in exercie groups was significantly decreased (p=0.000), while it was increased in experimental group (drug group) (p=0.06).

Conclusion: Considering to current data, it could demonstrate that aerobic training and GNRH agonists at the same time can lead to a decrease in BMI and apelin and an improvement in insulin resistance index.