Showing 9 results for Efficacy
Soleiman Zand, Hadi Hasan-Khani, Parvin Soltani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health problem and each year the number of patients is increasing. If the disease becomes irreversible, patients must always be hemodialyzed. Since mortality rate will increase due to inadequate dialysis, determining the efficacy of hemodialysis and improving its quality is very important. The main goal of this research is investigating the efficiency of hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study which was conducted on 103 people who were under dialysis treatment in the Vali-e-Asr hospital of Arak in year 2003. Weight, blood pressure (before and after dialyze), time of dialysis, BUN and Cr before dialysis and 5 minutes after turning of the pump and before the second dialysis were measured. Data was analyzed by T test and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean of KT/V was 0.58 ± 0.1 normal protein catabolic rate (nPCR), 0.36 ± 0.11 g/kg per day and time average concentration of urea (TAC), 43.3 ± 14 mg/d which had a significant difference with standard measures (p<0.05). KT/V was 0.49 ± 0.18 and 0.47 ± 0.10 for men and women respectively which was significantly different (p<0.03). There was a positive and linear relationship between education level and TAC, KT/V and number of dialysis per week. Conclusion: Regarding the low efficiency of hemodialysis in 80% of patients and lower levels of hemodialysis efficacy indicators in comparison to standard measures, periodic assessment and also investigating the reasons of low efficacy of hemodialysis is recommended.
Nasrin Roozbahani, Fazlallah Ghofranipour, Hossein Eftekhar Ardabili , Ebrahim Hajizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 9 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Postpartum women are a population at risk for sedentary life. Previous studies have shown that self-efficacy is an important determinant of stage of change and exercise adherence. This study evaluates the relationship between self-efficacy and stage of change and physical activity (PA) behavior in Iranian mothers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 postpartum mothers were selected randomly from all health centers in Arak. The instruments used in this study included the 7-day PA recall, stages of exercise adoption tool, and self-efficacy for exercise scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Ninety-one percent of the participants were in the pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. Mean score for moderate PA was 38.94±40.5 minutes a week. Significant relationships were found between the stages of PA behavior change and METs of weekly energy expenditure from moderate activities (r=0.60, P<0.001). Also, statistically significant relationships were found between self-efficacy and the stages of PA behavior change (r=0.50, P<0.001) weekly energy expenditure from moderate activities (r=0.40, P<0.001), and pre-pregnancy PA behavior (r=0.39, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of PA of the participants was less than the recommended minimum level for regular PA behavior (150 minutes of moderately intense PA per week). In this population, self-efficacy plays an important role in PA behavior and it should be taken into consideration in designing interventions for improving PA behavior.
Mahbobe Khaton Ghanbari, Mohsen Shamsi, Ali Asghar Farazi, Mahbobe Khorsandii, Babak Eshrati,
Volume 16, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background: Survey and control of nosocomial infections in the world is a global priority that The objective is to minimize infections in addition to decreased length of hospitalization And also significantly reduce the cost of health care .The aim of this study was evaluating the knowledge, self-efficacy and Practice of nursing staff in Disciplines Standard Precautions in order to prevention of nosocomial infection.
Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional and analytical study that was carried out on 130nursing staff selectedin in Arak university of medical sciense in 2013. Data collected with validity and reliebility questionnaire including of knowledge, self-efficacy and Practice of nursing staff in Disciplines Standard Precautions in order to prevention of nosocomial infection. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and pearson correlation.
Results: The mean knowledge was 46.92±14.66 and Practice 49.46±6.96 and average self-efficacy was 52.2±10.81 about infection prevention. There was not significant relationship between knowledge and Practice. But there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy, knowledge and Practice and marriage. Moreover there was a significant relationship between knowledge and gender. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Despite moderate self-efficacy majority of Nurses do not have appropriate knowledge about prevention of nosocomial infection based on the findings of this study. Considering the important role of nurses in nosocomial infection prevention, training is necessary to increase nurses prevention behaviors. Therefor paying more attention by authorities to apply the necessary actions for training of nurses.
Athar Afshar, Abbas Amanelahi,
Volume 18, Issue 10 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to test the proposed model for the impact of self-efficacy beliefs on parent’s anxiety and marital adjustment with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies among parents of chronically ill children of ahwaz city.
Materials and Methods: The statistical universe was all the parents of chronically ill children who was selected by Convenience sampling method.The research tools are included the self-efficacy questionnaire (SES), anxiety questionnaire (STAI), Spanier marital adjustment questionnaire and Garnesfki cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire.Amos 18 program software was applied for structural equation modeling (SEM).The indirect relationship was tested with bootstrap Amos 18 program software.
Results: The results revealed that the tested model had good fit indices.
Conclusion: Results revealed that self-efficacy beliefs directly influenced on parent's anxiety, marital adjustment, and adaptive and nonadaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a direct relation with parent's anxiety and marital adjustment. In addition, there was a direct relation between nonadaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital adjustment. Alternatively, self-efficacy beliefs directly influenced on anxiety and marital adjustment with mediating role of adaptive cognitive emotion tegulation strategies and indirectly influenced on adjustment with mediating role of nonadaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
Azita Mohsennejad, Mahboobeh Khorsandi, Nasrin Roozbahani, Babak Eshrati,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: Improvement of nutrition like fish and sea products is influential in preventing from non-contagious diseases. The transtheoretical model is one of the models for effective investigation on nutrition behaviors. This study was done with the aim of investigating fish consumption among women 30 to 50 years old based on the transtheoretical model.
Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical and cross sectional analysis which was conducted in 2014 on 360 women 30 to 50 years in Arak city. The data have been collected by using researcher-made questionnaires which its validity and reliability was assessed in accordance to the transtheoretical model were obtained by visiting houses. Then the collected data were analyzed by pearson correlation test.
Results: The average age of the respondents was 39.34±7.5. The average of fish consumption was 0.62 ±0.83 times a week. 64 % of people in consumption of at least two servings of fish a week were in the two first stages of change (pre-contemplation and contemplation).The average score of self-efficacy in fish consumption was a total of 10.58 ±3.12 out of 15 and the average score of cons of fish was 26.35 ±4.78 and the average score of pros of fish was 21.6 ±2.67 out of 25. Pearson correlation indicates that the amount of fish consumption with constructs of the self-efficacy, stages of change and pros of fish had respectively the most positive correlation (p≤0.05). Fish consumption had no significant difference with age, education, Body Mass Index, occupation, monthly income and marital status.
Conclusion: Fish consumption despite its high level of perceived benefits is really low and to eliminate these barriers, education and cultural-building especially in women who are influential people in family nutrition is necessary.
Mostafa Jani, Hamidreza Jamilian, Ahmad Aramoon,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present research was to compare the perceived stress, self-efficacy and mental health in patients with HIV and Hepatitis C.
Materials and Methods: The method of present research was causal-comparative research. Population included of all patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS referred to a behavioral disease counseling centers of Arak city and all patients of chronic hepatitis caused by the hepatitis C virus referred to Gastroenterology Research Center and private practice of digestive specialists in Arak city. The sample consisted of 200 people, including 100 HIV and 100 people with hepatitis C who participated in the study and were selected for screening. All participants responded to the three instruments including Cohen Perceived Stress, Kamark and Mrimlstyn, Sherer's Self-efficacy and Goldberg general health questionnaires. Data analysis was done in two descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS version 20.
Results: The results of MONOVA showed that two groups were different in the perceived stress, self-efficacy and mental health, physical symptoms, depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, at the level of 0.01.
Conclusion: It is suggested that workshops to be held to careful inform how much stress and self-efficacy had affected on physical and mental health of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
Ali Zakiei, Faramarz Morovati, Peyman Hatamian, Ashkan Bagheri, Delnia Sheik-Esmaeili,
Volume 20, Issue 10 (1-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Today, overweight is a damaging agent that threats general health and mental states. So, the current research was done with the aim of specifying the relationship between personality attributes (neuroticism, psychoticism), self-efficacy in weight control with people’s weight.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive - correlational study. The sample concluded of all of students in Razi university of Kermanshah in year 2015-2016; of them 459 people were selected with stochastic random sampling method. The research tools were self-efficacy of lifestyle that effects on weight and Eisenck personality questionnaires.
Results: The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between weight with neuroticism and psychotics (p<0.001), but there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and weight. Also, the results showed that the components of self-efficacy in weight control can predict weight of people. Based on this, overeating with impact factor equal to 0.001, diet with 0.28 and oral inhibition with -0.13 of impact factor can predict weight of people.
Conclusion: Due to the results, psycho personality and self-efficacy have roles in weight control of people.
Javad Sarvmeili,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim So far, extensive research has been conducted on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and its disease in different regions of the world. The aim of these studies is to present practical findings and suggestions about more familiarity with the characteristics of this virus, including its structural and genetic characteristics, origin of genesis, evolution, genomic changes, biological cycle and pathological function, that can be used to adopt efficient strategies in controlling and treating the pandemic.
Methods & Materials In order to perform genomic analysis, the complete sequence of the desired coronaviruses with accession numbers obtained from GenBank or GISAID was stored from databases such as NCBI and BV-BRC, and then the sequences were aligned with Workbench CLC Main software. In the next step, the phylogenetic tree was drawn by Neighbor-Joining method with 1000 repetitions (bootstrap) by MEGA X software and FigTree version 1.4.4 was used to display the tree more clearly.
Ethical Considerations All ethical principles in writing this article have been observed according to the instructions of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.
Results In the current study, mutations and the effect they may have on transmissibility, pathogenicity and vaccine effectiveness, molecular features, epidemiology and the place of emergence of coronaviruses, focusing on variant of concern (VOC) including alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529) are presented.
Conclusion The occurrence of mutations and continuous evolution have led to the rapid and simultaneous emergence of different variants, each of these changes can contribute to the escape of therapeutic methods such as neutralizing antibodies (Nab) and convalescent plasma, as well as reducing the effectiveness of vaccines. Therefore, increasing monitoring for documentation, understanding the spread of different lineages and more detailed study of these mutations in identifying variants and effectively dealing with them is of great importance.
Umm Kulsum Tabarte Farahani, Naimeh Akbari Torkestani, Leila Khazaei, Dr Mehdi Ranjbaran, Masoomeh Davoodabadi Farahani,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Sexual self-efficacy is a fundamental concept in behavior, health, and sexual performance that changes over time due to events such as pregnancy and childbirth. The present study was conducted to investigate factors affecting sexual self-efficacy in pregnant women in Arak City.
Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted with 234 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 who had minimal reading and writing literacy and lived with their husbands. Ten comprehensive urban health centers were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected through a demographic information checklist and a sexual self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis and (LSD) tests.
Results: The mean score of sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women was 28.51 ± 6.45 and was at a high level. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women is unrelated to their education (P = 0.2). There is a significant relationship between education and the education of their spouses (P = 0.04). (LSD) test showed a significant difference between different levels of education of husbands and the sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the mean score of sexual self-efficacy and other variables.
Conclusions: The sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women is related to the education of their husbands, so it is suggested to provide a suitable platform for increasing the knowledge and awareness of men.
