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Background: In order to selected indigenous potential probiotic bacteria, we surveyed antagonistic activities of 22 strains of acid and bile tolerant Lactobacillus, isolated from traditional dairy products by biochemical and molecular methods. Methods and Materials: In a fundamental practical study assessment of antimicrobial activity of this strain with neutrallized and Dual layer two methods against bacterial pathogene such as E-coli, L.monocytogenes, S.auteus and Y.entercolitica was done. These strain were identified with two methods for determining of biochemical and sequence of 16Sr DNA. Results: Dual layer method based on the growth of zone diameter were estabilished in three groups of strains inhibitors, semi inhibitors and non inhibitors. Neutralize method around well acidic extract containing strains C5i4, Y144, K213, C4i2, C612 and neutral extract C5i4 zone blight strains was observed. Based on the results, sequence area 16Sr DNA of four strains inclulde C4i2, C1d2, Y2c4, D3b1 indicator bacteria that revealed the highest percentage of inhibitor effect of bacterial indicators, were duplicate and sequency. So four strains L.Bacilus Pentosus, L.Bacillus Bervis and L. Bacillus Paraplantarum, were indentifed respectivey. Conclusion: It seems that indigenous lactobacillus from Iranian dairy products have potential as probiotics. So use of them as bio preservative prevent food bacterial contamination.

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Background: Albizzia lebbeck is used for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. In this study the efficacy of hydro-ethanolic extract of this plant on enteric gram-negative and aerobic gram-positive bacillis was determined. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-clinical trial, cold maceration method by ethanol was used for extraction of Albizzia lebbeck fruit, seed, flower and leaves. Then its polyphenolic components were separated by ethyl acetate. After concentrating the different extracts through disk diffusion and tube dilution, the effect of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) of their antibacterial component on shigella dysenteriae, proteus mirabilis, escherchia coli, bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis were evaluated. Also, the antibacterial effects of Albizzia lebbeck extracts together and in combination with some antibiotics, were compared through variance analysis. Results: Different extracts of Albizzia lebbeck just had similar and positive effects on shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis. However, the hydro-ethanolic fruit extract was more effective than the falavnoid fruit, flower and leave extracts. MIC and MBC results for antibacterial material on the three aforementioned bacterias were 0.125 and 0.25 gram/ml, respectively while the effects of the polyphenolic components of this plant's fruit were similar to its hydro-ethanolic extracts. Conclusion: Through the identification of different components of Albizzia lebbeck and the attainment of new formulations of these components, the grounds will be provided for its application on treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases and asthma, and on improvement of their immune system.

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Background: Today, there is growing interest in using traditional medicine for healing cutaneous wounds. Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on prevention or treatment of special pathologic conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus brevis on cutaneous wound healing. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, through phenol-sulfuric acid method, 22 strains of lactobacillus isolated from dairy-traditional products were investigated in terms of exopolysaccharide production. Lactobacillus brevis, which had high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, was selected. A wound was created on the back of male Wistar rats in control, negative control, and experimental groups. Control and experimental groups underwent regional treatment by eucerin and eucerin contained Lactobacillus brevis, respectively, but the negative-control group did not receive any treatment. On days 1, 7 and 21, the rats were killed and their cutaneous wound samples were studied. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 11.5. Results: The percentage of wound healing (99.53%) and inflammation in the experimental group on day 21 compared to control (90.55%) and negative groups (91.14%) was significantly higher (P<0.001). The number of neutrophils in the experimental group decreased in later phases of wound healing compared to the control and negative control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that Lactobacillus brevis significantly decreases inflammation and accelerates wound healing in treated rats. The findings of this study can be applied clinically in near future

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Background: Anthrax is a common disease among human and livestock which is caused by Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis has two strong immunogenic proteins: Protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor domain I (LFD1) that have always been considered as vaccine candidates against Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study is to express and purify the lethal factor domain I (LFD1) in Escherichia coli and produce polyclonal antibody against it in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, LFD1 gene was amplified with BamH I and Xho I restriction site by PCR. After isolation, the gene was cloned to the expression vector pET28a (+). This vector was transformed to E. coli-BL21 (DE3) PLysSto to express LFD1 gene. The expression of LFD1 gene was induced by IPTG. After protein purification by affinity chromatography, the produced antigen was injected into mice for four times. Then the produced polyclonal antibody in mice serum was evaluated. Results: The cloned LFD1 gene in pET28a (+) vector was confirmed by PCR, enzymatic analysis, and sequencing. The expressed and purified recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Finally, the isolated polyclonal antibody from mice serum was evaluated and confirmed by ELISA test. Conclusion: Noticing the appropriate expression, easy purification of LFD1, and the titer of produced polyclonal antibody against LFD1 in mice due to its immunogenicity, it can be considered as a good vaccine candidate against anthrax.

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Background: Gastric ulcer treatment with chemical drugs is associated with a multitude of side effect. One of the most important groups of probiotics is lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effects of Lactobacillus pentosus on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into experimental, control 1, and control 2 groups. After one day of fasting, the rats were operated and gastric ulcer was induced by acetic acid. One day after surgery, the groups were treated with the 1010 cfu/day bacteria, dissolved in one ml of milk sterilizer, 1 ml of milk sterilizer, and 1 ml of normal saline, respectively, via gavage. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the induction of gastric ulcer, the animals were killed and the wound size (mm2) and the effect of the bacteria on the healing of wounds were measured for each rat.

Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus pentosus strains significantly decreased wound size in the experimental group compared with control groups. Significant increases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, significant decreases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and increased numbers of fibroblasts were observed in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Also, significant reductions in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts were seen in the experimental group compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus pentosus has healing effects on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

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Background: Genital tract infections are one of the main causes of frequent referrals to gynecological clinics. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second common infectious vaginitis. On the other hand, probiotics are microorganisms that can have beneficial effects on the host. Noticing the limited number of studies reporting new treatments for this disease, the present study was designed to compare the effects of the combination of fluconazole and oral protexin and fluconazole on the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Materials and Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 90 women who were referred to the 12-e-Bahman Clinic in 2011. The patients were randomly classified into "combination of fluconazole and oral protexin" or "fluconazole and placebo" groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and McNemar’s test).

Results: The combinations, fluconazole-oral protexin and fluconazole-placebo, were equally effective in reduction of complaints and symptoms however, the effect of fluconazole-oral protexin on dysuria was more (p=0.02). Also, the fluconazole-oral protexin combination elicited a better therapeutic response (p=0.01). In addition, fluconazole-oral protexin combination treatment demonstrated a better recovery time (p=0.04).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that complementary treatment with probiotic lactobacillus increased the efficacy of fluconazole in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Further research, however, is suggested.

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Background: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds produced extracellularly by a variety of microorganisms. Because their use in various industries are of a particular importance. The aim of this study was to identify a strain of bacteria of the genus Bacillus Cereus biosurfactant producers and investigate the antibacterial effects of biosurfactant produced.

Materials and Methods: In this study, different samples of oil, water and soil contaminated with oil were prepared. Hemolytic activities, emulsification and measurement of surface tension were used and selected strains were identified by biochemical tests. The nature and effect of antibacterial biosurfactant were evaluated for strain selection.

Results: In this study, eighty eight bacterial strains were isolated. Among them, 24 strains were hemolytic activity. Among them, 14 strains have emulsification activity more than 70% and finally from among them four strains were able to convey to the surface tension of less than 40 mN/m. On the basis of biochemical tests, a strain selective in this study as B. cereus 43 strain, were identification and selection. The results of investigating the nature biosurfactant determined that the type of lipopeptide. Also, the produced biosurfactant has antibacterial activity against six bacterial infectious. The most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria than the impact of biosurfactant extract, of S. aureus PTCC1112 and of the Proteus mirabilis ATCC 2601 respectively. Also, the results of MIC, MBC showed that MIC extract were effective in a dilution of 63 mg/ml on S. aureus PTCC1112 and S.epidermidis ATCC 2405 and the MBC extract had the greatest effect in a dilution of 125mg/ml on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1074 respectively.

Conclusion: Bacillus Cereus 43 had high potential in reducing the surface tension and biosurfactant extracted had high antibacterial effects. Therefore, Frequency of potential has for applications of biotechnology and the environment.

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Background: Aflatoxins are known as the most important toxins which their consumption could cause acute poisoning and create carcinogenic effects. Moreover, previous studies demonstrated the ability of lactic acid bacteria to connect to aflatoxin in food material. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the native probiotic Lactobacillus para casei strains TD3 against toxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 in vivo.

Materials and Methods: 24 wistar male rats (250±10 g) were divided into 3 groups including: one negative control group and two groups treated with aflatoxin (170 µg/kg) and Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3 isolated from Tarkhine with aflatoxin (10⁹ cfu/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical studies.

Results: The results indicated that treatment with Aflatoxin leads to a significant increase in the amount of liver enzymes such as AST, ALP and also liver damages.  Furthermore, the group that received Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3, the level of these enzymes was reduced and liver damages due to aflatoxin were improved.

Conclusion: The present study showed that aflatoxin can lead to liver damages and native Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3 which isolated from Tarkhine, probably leads to protective effects by binding to aflatoxin. Thus, it is considered as a biologic agent to remove aflatoxin in vivo.

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Abstract

Background: Prevalence extension of antibiotic resistant bacteria has raised concerns about control of infections especially nosocomial infections. Many attempts have been done to replace antibiotics or limit their use. The use of antimicrobial agents produced by bacteria as antibiotic replacement has been promising in recent years. The goal of this study was to isolate Bacillus strains and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some standard pathogens and clinical antibiotic resistant strains.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, Bacillus strains were isolated from various resources and identified by 16S rDNA PCR method. Then, the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed and antimicrobial activity of the isolates was investigated against some standard pathogens and clinical antibiotic resistant strains using spotting and well diffusion methods.

Results: Eight Bacillus strains were isolated from 15 different samples. Based on the molecular identification, the isolates were identified as B.pumilus, B.coagulans, B.licheniformis, B.endophitycus and B.amiloliquefaciens. The results showed that isolates have antimicrobial activity against meticilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli.

Conclusion: In this study, isolated Bacillus strains produced antimicrobial agents against pathogens and antibiotic resistant strains and inhibited their growth.

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