Showing 11 results for Tuberculosis
Dr Babak Eshrati, Dr Korush Houlakooei, Dr Mohammad Kamli, Dr Jafar Hassan-Zadeh, Dr Merdad Borhani, Dr Farshad Poor-Malek, Ms Fahimeh Kashfi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: The reason of infertility can have a direct influence on the plan and outcome of management. In this paper we intend to show the effect of tuberculosis (TB) history on female infertility among infertile couples attending to Rooyan infertility management center. Materials and methods: In this case-control study our cases were those who were diagnosed as infertile female and controls were those women whose husbands were infertile due to some male factor. We used logestic regression for analyzing the association of history of Tuberculosis and female infertility with attributable risk estimation. Results: 308 cases were compared to 314 controls. Considering the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, there was a significant difference between the history of TB and infertility (OR=4.7, 95% CI: 1.01-29.91). The attributable risk of TB for female infertility was 0.023±0.01 (which is significant at 5% level). Conclusion: These figures show that at least 2% of female infertility can be prevented by prevention and proper treatment of tuberculosis.
Aliasghar Farazi, – Mansoureh Jabbariasl, Masoomeh Sofian,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, one of the basic problems of tuberculosis treatment is drug resistance. This study was done to determine the drug resistance of mycobacterium strains isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs and determine the affecting factors.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with tuberculosis who were covered by Markazi Province Health Center (917 persons) during 2005 to 2010 were included in this study. For all patients with resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, culture and antibiogram by standard method (proportional) were done. Effective factors in drug resistance were identified by logistic regression model using SPSS software.
Results: Overall, the rate of resistance in patients with smear-positive was 7.3% and the rate of MDR-TB was equivalent to 4.3%, and 0.5% of smear positive patients were resistant to all five drugs. The most resistant strains were isoniazid (68.8%), rifampin (62.5%), pyrazinamide (25%), ethambutol (21.9%), and streptomycin (21.9%), respectively. The highest rate of resistance was in the 15-45 years age group. The incidence of resistance was significantly associated with sex, grade of smear positivity, relapse of TB, and HIV infection.
Conclusion: The study of drug resistant mycobacterium strains over six years showed a growing trend. Therefore, close attention to prevent the production and dissemination of resistant strains is very essential.
Arezo Eshghinejad, Aliasghar Farazi, Babak Eshrati, Hamid Khalili, Mana Shojapour, Aazam Ahmadi, Mohamad Arjmandzadegan,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background: Differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex organisms were assigned to one of three genotypic groups based on the combinations of polymorphisms at katG codon 463 and gyrA codon 95. Early identification of strains belonging to any particular group is very important. This study was planned to identify major genetic groups of clinically isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 33 sputum samples were collected from tuberculosis patients of the Markazi province. DNA purification from isolated samples was performed by Chelex 100. Identification of isolates was confirmed by detection of katG gene and the mutation in KatG463 by using PCR method and RFLP respectively. Finally 620-bp of katG gene and 194-bp of gyrA gene purified from PCR product were sequenced. Results: Amplification of 620-bp fragment of katG gene was a good way to confirm the detection of bacteria as a molecular approach. Results of sequencing codon GyrA95 in combination by results of PCR-RFLP determined type of the major genetic group (MGG). Therefore it showed that among the 33 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates 12 samples were MGG 1, 15 Samples were MGG2 and 6 samples were MGG 3. Results revealed that MGG 2 was dominant form of M. tuberculosis strains of Markazi province by frequency of 45.5%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study MGG2 occurrence was more frequent among clinical strains in Markazi province that its accordance with susceptibility of these strains to conventional antibiotics is notable. In this study, three applicable benefits from the test as: MGG typing, molecular detection of M. tuberculosis and bacterial resistance to Isoniazid were proven.
Behnam Rafiee, Nader Mosavari, Ali Asghar Farazi, Razie Nazari, Rouholah Keshavarz, Keyvan Tadayon,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is an old problem that is currently considered a great challenge. Noticing Iran’s borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are among the 22 high burden countries around the world, the present study was conducted to analyze the current molecular epidemiology of TB and survey genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Markazi province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 57 sputum specimens from smear positive patients admitted to health centers in Markazi province were cultured on specific mycobacterial culture media. Genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols of WHO and digested separately by PvuII and AluI. Electrophoresis was performed and DNA fragments were transferred to positively charged nylon membrane by southern blotting method and hybridization by PGRS probe. The hybridized strains were subsequently detected by enzymatic reaction and analyzed. Results: Genotyping of the isolates by PGRS-RFLP with Pvu II and AluI displayed a wide range of genetic diversity so that 50 and 45 genotypes were identified, respectively. Conclusion: Noticing the great diversity of PGRS in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, it can be concluded that in the study population, the majority of the patients hadtuberculosis with different etiologies. Therefore, it seems that reactivation of latent infection has had the main role in the spread of tuberculosis
Ebrahim Alijani, Ali Akbar Pourfathollah, Soheila Ajdary, Batool Sharifi-Mood, Ahmad Zavaran-Hosseini, Vahid Khaze-Shahgoli,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Considering the fact that more than one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, identifying individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is vital for controlling TB. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-gamma release assays are practical methods used for screening people with LTBI. Due to the insufficiency of data on endemic tuberculosis region and the need for evaluation of these methods in a high-risk population, this study was performed in Zahedan.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 75 individuals, including 21 health care workers (HCWs) as well as 54 family members of patients with active TB. IFN-&gamma release assay and TST were also carried out on the participants.
Results: Of the 75 participants, 26 had positive IFN-&gamma release assay results and 49 persons showed negative results. TST was also performed and 12 participants did not show up for taking the results. Among the remaining 63 participants, 60.31% had more than 10 mm indurations. The results in 32.25% of the participants were positive for both IFN-gamma release assay and skin test, whereas 34.92% of the participants presented negative tests results for both IFN-gamma release assay and skin test. The agreement between these two tests was 66.67 % (P=0.001, K=0.36, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusion: The results showed a weak agreement between the two tests.
Ali Asghar Farazi, Masome Sofian, Mansoreh Jabari Asl,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis usually infects the lungs but organs other than the lungs may also be involved. This study is an analysis of the situation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the central province of Iran.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, the information in the registration software of tuberculosis in health centers collected and for analyzing of data statistical software SPSS16 was used.
Results: In the survey a total of 1787 TB patients were identified, of which 24.2% were diagnosed with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 1.9% of patient with extra-pulmonary TB were associated with HIV infection. Female to male sex ratio is equal to 1.3. The 82.5% of the patients were Iranian citizen and mean age of patients were 43.3 years. Tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, skletal and pleural tuberculosis had the highest prevalence. Also extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in females, age 15-55 was more and the diagnosis delay was more in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and relapse was more in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Because of more diagnosis delay in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis it is necessary to train physicians and other healthcare workers in the field of extra-pulmonary TB diagnosis and more planning to do about learning of it.
Behnaz Taheri, Siyamak Samiee, Mehdi Paryan, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strain of M.tuberculosis is one of the most critical issues facing TB researchers and clinicians. Rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis is essential for the prompt initiation of effective second-line therapy to improve treatment outcome and limit transmission of this obstinate disease. The aim of this study is to develop a Real-time PCR assay for the detection of mutations in RRDR (rifampcin resistance determinant region) of rpoB which conferring rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the primer and probe set were designed for a RRDR region of rpoB gene using a specialized software. Clinical specimens that had previously been evaluated resistant or sensitive by using convential method, were used for assessing the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay.
Results: The clinical sensitivity of the assay was determined 100%. The primers and the probes were rpoB specific and no cross-reaction was observed with other microorganisms and human genome bioinformatically. The clinical specificity of developed Real-time PCR assay was examined experimentally using 25 negative samples and determined to be 100%.
Conclusion: The developed real-time PCR assay can be used as an appropriate and efficient tool for the rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Aliasghar Farazi, Masoomeh Sofian, Mansoureh Jabbariasl,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: The importance of maintaining and enhancing the quality of life in (tuberculosis TB) patients is essential. The purpose of this study was to use N - acetylcysteine to improve the quality of life in patients with tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: This study is a double-blind clinical trial that performed on 88 patients on anti-TB treatment that aged over 50 years in the central province of Iran within 15 months. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and the Short Form Quality of life (SF12). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used. p less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: This study showed that the two groups before the intervention in different features were not significantly different, but in quality of life at the end of the first month. The intervention group compared with the control group in physical subscale score (p=0.0068) and psychological subscale scores (p=0.0284) and quality of life score (p=0.0112) were better. Also, our study showed that age of patients (p=0.0331), duration of disease (p=0.0416), and serum CRP mean (p= 0.0234) and type of tuberculosis (p=0.0372) were significantly related to total score of quality of life at the end of the first month in the intervention group.
Conclusion: According to this survey results we hoped to combine the use of adjuvant therapy with N-acetylcysteine and standard tuberculosis treatment improves quality of life and increase life expectancy of patients.
Abolfazl Mozafari, Latif Moini, Shahram Arsang, Mahdi Gholamzadeh Baeis, Abbas Javid, Sam Hatami, Zahra Faraji, Bahareh Zareh,
Volume 17, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Despite control, prevention and the availability of drugs to cure tuberculosis, TB remains an important cause of death from an infectious agent in Iran. Pulmonary tuberculosis is more than 80% of tuberculosis cases. Chest x-ray is sensitive, cheap and accessible instrument for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the radiological changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 477 radiographic patients referred to rural and urban clinics in recent decade were enrolled. The affected lobe or lobes of the left or right lung were recorded. The types of involvement were categorized based on patchy consolidation, cavitation, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, gohn lesion, bronchogenic spread and bronchopneumonia. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of association between continuous variables. For analysis of qualitative parameters, we use from Chi-square test. Data analysis was done in SPSS18 and p value below than 0.05 was significant.
Results: Out of 477 patients, mean age was 48.24±22 years old, male including 33.3%, Iranian and urban cases were 44% and 91.3% respectively. The most frequent involved site was the left upper lobe followed by the right upper lobe. The most frequent radiographic finding was patchy consolidation and then bronchogenic spread and pneumonic consolidation respectively. There was significant correlation between lung cavities in patients with nationality.
Conclusion: This study could help to early diagnosis and treatment of suspect patients to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Ali Reza Morad Abadi, Mohammad Arjomandzadegan, Navid Emami, Manijeh Kahbazi, Azam Ahmadi, Saeed Falahat, Seyyed Hossein Hosseini, Mehdi Kargaran, Parisa Khosravi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ziehl Nelson staining, fluorescent and also culture are the standard methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this study, the performance of conventional cultivation methods was compared with Flash PCR.
Materials and Methods: A total of 56 sputum samples from patients with suspected tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Center of Arak city were collected and Ziehl–Neelsen and culture in Löwenstein–Jensen medium were accomplished. Moreover, DNA from all of the 56 sputum samples was extracted by Chelex100 method. Molecular evaluation was accomplished by Flash PCR kit containing probes and primers for gene amplification IS6110. Positive and negative controls together with samples were used in a MTC410 apparatus for amplification. FD-12 apparatus was used to evaluate the results. In addition, electrophoresis on agarose was used for confirmation of the results.
Findings: From 56 sputum samples of suspected TB patients, 20 samples were positive and 36 samples were negative on microscopic evaluation and culture methods. FLASH-PCR molecular analysis showed that all of 20 positive samples were positive in molecular methods, too. On the other hand, three of sputum samples that were negative by culture and staining were positive in FLASH-PCR method. One of these 3 patients, received Isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol antibiotic by responsible medicine. All results were confirmed using conventional electrophoresis.
Conclusion: In some negative samples, possibly because of the small number of bacteria in sample or a defect in the sampling, the Flash PCR may due good advantages. Therefore, due to the low cost, this method is recommended for routine use.
Fatemeh Amiri, Ghodrat Roshanaei, Meysam Olfati Far, Rasoul Najafi, Jalal Poorolajal,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a chronic and potentially life-threatening disease. Numerous factors affect its development and progression. Therefore, the present study attempted to identify characteristics impacting the prognosis and progression of AIDS using multistate models.
Methods & Materials: The present retrospective study consisted of 2185 patients affected with HIV referring to Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers in Tehran City, Iran, from 2004 to 2013. We considered multiple states of AIDS, tuberculosis, and tuberculosis/AIDS in the natural history of the disease (from the onset of HIV disease until death occurred). Then, we applied the multistate models, to examine the effect of contextual demographic and clinical variables on survival time; subsequently, the transition probabilities of HIV.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.117).
Results: HIV-Related deaths in individuals with an incarnation history were 2.40 times higher than in those without the prison history. Death risk was also 1.70 and 1.80 times higher in those aged 25-44 and 44 years, respectively, compared to the individuals aged less than 25 years. An inverse relationship was also found between CD4 levels and the risk of death in our participants.
Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, age, and history of imprisonment were the main factors in the progression of the disease and subsequent death in HIV patients. Thus, preventing the further spread of the disease to the community and controlling the disease in the patients requires targeted educational and therapeutic interventions; accordingly, the community will be familiarized with transmission routes and the preventing principle of disease. Furthermore, we can encourage patients to visit the healthcare centers early.
