Showing 9 results for Trauma
Arash Bayat, Mohammad Farhadi, Hesamodin Emam Jomeh ,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2003)
Abstract
Introduction: The existence of acoustic trauma secondary to drill noise during chronic ear surgeries has not yet been clearly demonestrated. This investigation aims to document the hearing loss that occures in patients who underwent mastoidectomy.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-three (38 male and 25 female) consecutive patients (11-57 years) who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy were included. In a concurrent clinical trial design, we measured bone conduction thresholds before and after (1 week and 1 month) operation on both sides.
Bone conduction thresholds were assessed in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz frequencies.
Results: Paired-test results showed a satistically significant temporary (TTS) and permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were occured in the 2000-4000 Hz region for operated (on addition to 1000 Hz) and non-operated ears, but clinically PTSs were not remarkable and TTSs were important only for operated ear (P<0.05). The correlation between duration of noise exposure and magnitude of threshold shift was only significant in operated ear in 2000-4000 Hz region (P<0.05).
Conclusion: We could not demonestrate any permanent hearing loss caused by drill-generated noise, but resultant noise is able to produce TTS in the operated ear in 2000-4000 Hz region. We found poor relationship between duration of noise exposure and magnitude of threshold shifts.
Bahram Aminmansour, Kambiz Eslami,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: Different hormonal responses may appear in severe head injured patients (including increase in serum Cortisol & GH level). These changes can also be seen in recovery and rehabilitation periods, so influencing the patients, outcome.
Materials and Methods: Forty severely head injured patients, referred to emergency units of Alzahra & Kashani hospitals were studied in a cohort study (selected by convenient sampling) after dividing into two equal groups. Craniotomy was performed for one group and conservative (non-surgical) therapy for the other. In the first and seventh day of admission serum Cortisol and growth hormone were checked (using RIA method). Data was analyzed by paired and student t tests.
Results: There were significant differences between mean of GH in the first and also in the seventh day(both with P<0.05) and between mean of GH and Cortisol from first to seventh day in two study groups(P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between mean of Cortisol in the first or seventh day in two study groups.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that craniotomy as an independent factor can raise serum GH and Cortisol levels in severely head injured patients.
Masoud Yavari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: In order to determine the importance and power of physical examination diagnosis, we decided to compare the results of physical examination in patients with distal forearm penetrating wound and whatever is observed during surgery as golden standard. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analythical study was performed on 91 patients with distal forearm sharp injury. Findings of physical examination were compared to what was found during surgery (definitive diagnosis) as golden standard. Results: Based on findings, physical examination value of diagnosis for FDP and FDS was determined. In FDS clinical examination value had 88% sensitivity, 40% specificity, 94% positive predictive value, 22% negative predictive value and 1.46 positive likelihood ratio, and 0.3 negative likelihood ratio and FDP clinical examination value had 97% sensitivity, 25% specificity, 93% positive predictive value, 50% negative predictive value, 1.29 positive likelihood ratio and 0.12 negative likelihood ratio. Conclusion: Physical examination view point of rule in of flexor tendon injury because of sharp and penetrating trauma is more valuable than rule out.
Shaabanali Alizadeh, Masoome Kalantari, Khadije Ahrari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: Hydatid cyst, a parasite disease, can involve liver more than other organs. The most serious complication of the cyst is rupture which may spread out to biliary duct, hollow organ, or abdominal cavity directly. Elective treatment is emergent surgery. Case: A 28 rural woman referring with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting due to car accident. Abnormal findings consisted of: abdominal distention, reduction of bowel sounds, tenderness and generalized guarding and hive lesions in the anterior chest wall, upper abdomen, and both forearms. In sonography, a lot of free liquid in abdominal and pelvic cavity, and three hetroechoic masses in the right lobe of the liver were reported. Four days after abdominal surgery the patient was discharged with Albendazole order. Conclusion: Intra-abdominal rupture of hydatid cyst is the most serious that due to trauma complication and elective treatment is emergency surgery.
Kianoosh Amini, Hamid Taher Neshatdoost, Mohammad Ali Mazaheri, Mohammad Ali Nadi,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: There are numerous negative side-effects of child sexual abuse such as post- traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems. The purpose of this study is the use of Specific Recall Training on depression and anxiety in children with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) caused by Sexual Abuse.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and with a control group.34 children with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by sexual abuse were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group was educated over 7 sessions of 1.5 hours by Specific Recall Training method. To collect data, the Spence children's anxiety questionnaire and children's depression questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS-20 software and multivariate analysis of covariance method.
Results: The findings showed that specific recall training, significantly reduce depression and anxiety scores. In follow up, the pre-test effect, the long term effect of treatment on depression was observed (F=5.943, p=0.021), but it can't effectively reduce anxiety.
Conclusion: The results showed that specific recall training was effective on depression and anxiety in children with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) caused by sexual abuse. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use this method for the treatment of children with mentioned disorder.
Azam Hashemian Moghadam, Hamidreza Agha Mohammadian Sharbaf, Ali Mashhadi,
Volume 19, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The present research aimed to measure the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing the severity of symptoms of post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Stuttering in a four-year-old child post-traumatic stress disorder in children is one of the disorders relating to trauma and stressful factors, also, stutterring or word fluency disorder is a nerve growth disorder.
Materials and Methods: This research design was conducted as a case study with a multiple baseline design. Participant in this research was a four-year- old child with Diagnostic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychogenic Stuttering. He had been placed under the intervention with EMDR at Shahid Birjand Counseling Center. The instruments used for this research included demographic researcher-made questionnaire, the third edition of stuttering severity test, the scale of parents’ report of post-traumatic Symptoms and child’s report of posttraumatic Symptoms. Data analysis was done through graphic and descriptive analysis. The data was collected as base line and during the treatment as well as after the treatment and follow-up (in terms of 3 and 24 months).
Results: Means percentage improvement (MPI) to reducing the severity of post-traumatic symptoms was achieved as %74.66 and it was %56.06 for reduction of the severity of stuttering and they continued to maintain in the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Results showed that EMDR method had affected on reduction of the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and stuttering intensity.
Homeyra Akbarzadeh, Abbas Alipour, Abolfazl Firuozian, Hadi Darvishi Khezri, Ghahraman Mahmoudi,
Volume 19, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important causes of mortality in intubated traumatic patients admitted in ICU. The aim of current study was to determine correlation between blood products transfusion with incidence of VAP in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation in ICU.
Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive-analytical study. Current study was carried out on traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital ICU wards of Sari city, from September 2015 to September 2016. In addition to demographic data, patients' clinical information were daily recorded.
Results: Of total of 2304 patients admitted to ICU, 186 traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation longer than 48 hours were reviewed and analyzed. Among patients infected with VAP, 36 persons(87.8%) had transfusion of blood products before VAP incidence. Blood products transfusion (before and / or after 48 hours) had the highest adjusted risk ratio in the incidence of VAP (Odds ratio; OR=3.58). Also, amount of injected Packed Red Blood Cells and platelet were significantly higher in patients infected with VAP (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Considering remarkable increase in incidence of VAP following blood products transfusion and its correlation with injected PRBC and platelet, considering these modifiable risk factors for controlling and preventing the incidence of VAP in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation in ICU is necessary and reasonable.
Morteza Gharibi, Simin Najafgholian, Fatemeh Rafiee, Ali Nazemi, Esmaeil Mansourizadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim American College Of Emergency Medicine (ACEM) guideline has a recommendation for early diagnosis of head injuries following mild trauma. In this study we examined the prediction power, sensitivity, and specificity of this clinical guideline in the need for computed tomography (CT) scan
Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was performed for 6 months on patients over 18 years old referred to the emergency department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak who met ACEM criteria for head CT scan for suspected mild trauma. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, trauma mechanism, physical injuries caused by head trauma, and history of drug abuse were recorded. The consciousness level (Glasgow Coma Scale) was checked every two hours. Patients underwent treatment if there was a pathology in CT images, and those with no clear pathology were discharged after 6 hours and, followed up by phone for two weeks, and in case of any abnormality in the level of consciousness, they were re-examined by CT scanning.
Ethical Considerations This study has an ethical approval obtained from Arak University of Medical sciences (code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.227).
Results 500 patients, 335 male (67%) and 165 females (33%) with the mean age of 46.39± 2.01 years were studied; the sensitivity the ACEM guideline for predicting the need for CT scan in patients with mild head trauma were 100% with a specificity of 3.46% (for the second recommendation, the sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 6.7%) which indicated that the test was highly sensitive to diagnosing the patients, but its specificity was low.
Conclusion The ACEM guideline had high sensitivity to predicting the need for CT in patients with mild head trauma, but had very low specificity which makes it an unacceptable criterion for rejecting or performing CT scan in these patients.
Seifollah Aghajani, Sahar Khoshsorour, Sara Taghizadeh Hir,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in women with extensive associated biopsychological problems. The present study aimed to determine the effects of holographic reprocessing therapy on cognitive flexibility and posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population included all patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and who were being treated in the chemotherapy ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2020.
By convenience sampling method, 30 women with breast cancer were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The experimental group, while receiving pharmacotherapy, collectively underwent holographic reprocessing therapy in 9 one-hour sessions (two sessions per week) for 5 weeks; however, the control group received only pharmacotherapy. Both research groups were assessed in pretest and posttest phases by the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS v. 23.
Ethical Considerations: All study subjects provided a signed written informed consent form. The Research Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARUMS.REC.1399.393).
Results: The current study results indicated that holographic reprocessing therapy was effective on cognitive flexibility (F= 42.319, P<0.01) and posttraumatic growth (F= 18.300, P<0.01) in women with breast cancer; this method also increased their cognitive flexibility and posttraumatic growth.
Conclusion: Considering psychological factors and information processing methods in patients with cancer is highly important. Thus, counselors and psychotherapists are advised to use holographic reprocessing therapy as a complementary treatment without adverse effects along with medical treatments to reduce the psychosocial problems caused by the disease.
