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Background: Hypertension disorders are the most common medical complication during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is an important cause of mortality. The pathophisiology of it is still unknown. But sex hormon especially testosterone may be has a role in preeclampsia. We were conducted the comparison of serum free testosterone level in preeclamptic with normotensive pregnant women. Methods and Materials: This research was a case-control study included 27 women with singleton pregnancy who were complicated with preeclampsia (11 with severe preeclampsia and 16 with mild preeclampsia) and 62 normotensive pregnant women who were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gravity. Serum levels of free testosterone were measured by ELISA method. Results:Serum testosterone level was higher in preeclamptic group (1.66 ng/ml) than in mean of the control group (1.27 ng/ml), but this difference was not significant. Mean of testosterone levels in sever preeclampsia were higher than mild preeclampsia patients, however it was not statistically significant (2.08, 1.37, respectively). Conclusion: It seems that testosterone has not significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. .

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Background: The role of sex hormones in pain perception and the effect of stress on reproductive system have not been determined yet. The present study investigated the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on nociception and sex hormones concentration in rats. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was carried out with 47 male and female rats which ranged in weight from 170-230 gr. In order to transmit stress to the rats, they were initially exposed to acute restraint stress (1h) and chronic stress (for two weeks-1h/day). Then they were submitted to tail flick test for nociception evaluation. Sex hormones serum level was measured by radioimmunoassay method. Results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In male and female rats, acute restraint stress had significant increment in latency in the tail flick test. Chronically stress in male rats, was not significant effect on latency time. Chronically stress in females responded to restraint stress with an increase in tail flick latency. Both acute and chronic restraint stress reduced testosterone level in the male rats. In the female rats, only acute restraint stress significantly decrease plasma estradiol level. Restraint stress did not effect on testosterone concentration level in the female and estradiol level in the male rats. Conclusion: Acute restrain stress decrease nociceptive and sex hormon levels in male and female rate but, chronic restraint stress causes sex dependent response.

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Background: Sex life is one of the most important aspects of quality of life which is affected by a multitude of factors which can disrupt it. This study compares the effects of two different hormonal therapeutic regimens on sexual performance of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 111 healthy postmenopausal women with no absolute contraindication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were divided into two groups that received GI-Tibolone 2.5mg/day (N=57) and GII-continuous conjugated estrogen (CE) 0.625mg/day plus medroxyprogestrone acetate (MPA) 2.5mg/day (N=54) for six months. At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, blood samples were collected for determining sexual hormones level. Sexual function was assessed by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data were analyzed using Spss 16. Results: Of all the participants, 45 women in the tibolone group and 32 women in HRT completed the study. Compared with the baseline values, the tibolone group significantly improved on all the six FSFI domains however, in the HRT group, just two of the six domains, lubrication and pain, got improved. The increase in mean total score and the score of each domain of FSFI except for satisfaction domain in the tibolone group was significantly greater than the HRT group (p<0.05). In the tibolone group, testosterone (p=0.003), FTI (p=0.002), and FEI (p=0.021) increased in comparison to the baseline, whereas SHBG decreased (p<0.001). In GII group, SHBG (p=0.001) significantly increased and tibolone was tolerated better than HRT. Conclusion: In post menopausal women, tibolone is more effective than HRT in improving sexual function scores, especially the desire, arousal, and orgasm domains. Its side effects are also much more acceptable.

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origanum vulgare l.spp viride was used in ancient medicine and it was medicated for digestive disease, diabetes, remedy of trauma. While antimicrobial, ant diabetic, anticancer and antioxidant effect of this plant was proved but there is done no study for its effect on reproductive system. Therefore the purpose of recent study is surveying eventual androgenic effect of this plant on hormonal level of pituitary - gonadal axis in mature male vistar rats. Materials and Methods: recent study was done on five groups of male rats of vistar race and every group includes nine rats. The control group received no drug. The sham group received physiological serum and experimental groups of A, B and C were received the ethanolic extract of origanum vulgare l. with concentration of 40, 20, 10 mg/kg body weight respectively with gavaj for 14 days. Then levels of FSH, LH and TSH hormones in blood sample was measured with RIA method and obtaining result was compared between control group and other groups. Data was analyzed with SPSS software and statistical method of ANOVA and Tukey test. In this research, significant level was p<0.05. Results: in control group, sham group and A, B and C groups, respectively mean and standard deviation from average of plasma concentration for LH hormone based on mlU /ml were: 0.18±0.006, 0.183±0.017, 0.187±0.026, 0.241±0.012 and 0.284±0.027 And for FSH Hormone were: 0.321±0.025, 0.342±0.071, 0.372±0.026, 0.383±0.031 and 0.372±0.026 And for TSH hormone were: 5.28±0.683, 6.07±0.5, 6.09±1.94, 6.66±1.48 and 8.1±1.66. Conclusion: ethanolic extract of origanum vulgare leaf in maximum dose have androgenic effects and it can affect the activity of different levels of hypothalamic – pituitary – gonadal axis and increase the secretion of testosterone and gonadotropic hormones.

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogenic protozoan. This parasite can cause severe infection and may lead to abortion. Abnormal levels of cholesterol and other lipids in blood samples of infected persons have raised some questions on the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma.This study aimed to measure and compare lipid and testosterone levels and the relationship between them among a selected group of men with and without Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody.  

Materials and Methods: This case – control study was conducted on a group of 20 to 29 years old men referred to the pre-marital clinics in Arak city in 2012. After completing a questionnaire, a blood sample (5 ml) was taken from each subject. Then, required diagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis was conducted. According to diagnostic results, 100 men with Toxoplasma antibodies were defined as cases and another group with equal number but without antibodies was defined as controls. Then, levels of testosterone and lipids in serum of these two groups were measured and compared.

Results:  Findings showed that testosterone levels were in normal range in both cases and controls, but the hormone level was significantly lower among cases. There was no significant difference in terms of serum lipid levels.

Conclusion:  Examination of relationship between blood testosterone and lipids levels among cases and controls showed that there was a significant negative correlation between testosterone and triglyceride levels. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between testosterone and HDL levels.

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Background: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has estrogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and traditionally used for treatment of infertile women. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women, which affects 5-10% of them in their reproductive age. This study has examined the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Fennel on female Wistar rats with PCOS.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 rats (200 ± 20 gr), was injected 2 ml of estradiol valerate subcutaneously and 6 rats were considered as control(intact). After 60 days, the rats were divided into control, sham and experimental groups. Rats in experimental group were treated with 250, 500, 1000(mg/kg BW) of intraperitoneal injections extract of Fennel for 10 days. Serum FSH, LH and Testosterone were measured by ELISA and serum levels of these hormones between treatments all groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: The data suggests that extract of Fennel can increase serum concentrations of FSH and decrease LH and Testosterone in treatment groups. As FSH is 500 and 1000 mg/kg levels of doses, LH and Testosterone in dose 1000 mg/kg have shown statistically significant differences compared to control groups.

Conclusion: Considering the increasing positive effect of extract of Fennel on serum concentration of FSH and decreaseing LH and Testosterone in rats with PCOS, this compound might be considered for treatment of the patients.

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Background: Due to the changing lifestyle in terms of nutrition and physical activity, obesity has become one of the major challenges to human health. The study of metabolic factors involved in this phenomenon plays an important role in preventing and treating the obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between testosterone level and serum lipoproteins such as LDL and HDL with Body Mass Index (BMI), in different age groups of men in Golestan population.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 183 men were randomly selected during 2012. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were obtained according to standard methods, and BMI was calculated for each one. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Pearson bivariate correlation test between groups and one-way Anova test was performed and p<0.05 being considered as significant.

Results: Data analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between BMI and serum testosterone level (p=0.005). In the study population, higher BMI was associated with increased LDL level (p=0.049) and also increasing age (p=0.011). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and HDL levels that were not statistically significant (p=0.068).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that weight gain is associated with increased LDL and low testosterone serum level, and this relation is more meaningful in old men.

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Background and Aim: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, exercise training is an effective solution for treating and declining the symptoms. This study aims to compare the effects of the voluntary and the endurance exercise on some of the inflammatory and hormonal markers in rats with PCOS.
Methods & Materials: In this study, Which was experimental and applied in terms of purpose, 40 female Wistar rats with Mean±SD weight of 220±20 g were divided randomly into four groups of ten: 1) control, 2) PCOS, 3) PCOS + Running wheel and 4) PCOS + endurance training. The rats in the voluntary group experienced voluntary activity of wheel running for 8 weeks (5 times a week). Alternatively, the endurance training group underwent aerobic exercises for 8 weeks (5 sessions in a week) on a treadmill. The blood samples were taken from the heart to measure the concentration of interleukin-6 and testosterone level and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Tehran University, Iran (Code: IR.UT.REC.1395016).
Results: The results showed no significant difference in IL-6 and testosterone indices between endurance and voluntary training groups (P=0.565), (P=0.496). Both training groups (endurance and voluntary) separately resulted in a significant reduction in il6 and testosterone compared to rats with PCOS (P=0.002), (P=0.000), (P=0.038), (P=0.007).
Conclusion: Altogether, the present study’s findings suggest that voluntary and endurance training in rats have similar effects on IL-6, Testosterone, and weight.