---

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonotic infections in the world. The incidence of this infection is quite high and is endemic in several countries. According to WHO report, the prevalence of zoonotic and human brucellosis is on the rise in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and west Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of silver nanoparticles in treatment of brucellosis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the activity of silver nanoparticles against Brucella meltensis 16M was determined by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles were determined by macrodilution method. Also, the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles was studied in mouse model. Results: The results showed that silver nanoparticles in low concentrations can kill Brucella melitensis 16M in laboratory conditions. MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles were 4 ppm and 6 ppm in macrodilution method, respectively. The anti-brucella effect of silver nanoparticles was also observed in mouse model. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that silver nanoparticles can be used against brucellosis.

---

Abstract

Background: Silver nanoparticles are capable of inducing toxicity in living organisms. Silver nanoparticles can induce some effect in the liver. Thus silver nanoparticles, due to their wide spread effects, can also affect on hepatic, hematological, and oxidative stress factors. Ginger because of its powerful antioxidantal compounds can influence the toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles in different parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalchoholic extract of ginger on cytotoxic silver nanoparticles on enzymes, hematological parameters, blood oxidative stress markers, and hepatic apoptosis in Balb-c mice.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 rats of Balb-c race Syrians were selected and devided into 4 groups, each consisting of 12. They were treated for a period of 35 days; the first group (control) received distilled water, the second group received nano silver, the third group received ginger extract, and the fourth group received both nanosilver and ginger extract at the same time. Bleeding was done to measure hematological factors, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress; then liver tissue was removed for evaluation of apoptosis. Data were compared using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA.

Results: Enzymes AST , ALT , ALP, GGT and LDH as liver factors showed significant differences in the groups of the study. Hematological factors including of WBC , RBC , Hb , HCT , MCV, MCH , Plt , Lymphocyte  and  Monocyte showed significant differences in all the groups.

Of oxidative stress factors , only GPX showed significant difference between groups, while no significant difference was observed in other oxidative stress parameters in the blood. Changes in apoptosis showed significant differences in all groups of the study.

Conclusion:  Based on the findings the study ,silver nanoparticles with their side effects in different parts of the body can induce changes in various factors and enzymes. Ginger can compensate ,and modify to some extent these side effects. Such effectiveness of ginger can probably be due to its special ingredients.

---

---

---

Background and Aim: One of the new technologies in this century is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a vast and promising research platform that has opened up a wide range of opportunities in various fields including pharmacy, medicine, electronics and agriculture. One of the applied nanoparticles in the field of nanobiotechnology is silver nanoparticles. One of the most important features of these nanoparticles is the creation of programmed cell death (Apoptosis). This property has created its antiseptic properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes. Nanoparticles have better performance against microorganisms due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and higher contact surface. Meanwhile, silver nanoparticles have shown unparalleled antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms and have recently attracted the attention of many researchers.
Methods & Materials: In this study, a review of all databases, including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar Learners, Noor, related articles were examined.
Ethical Considerations Ethical principles have been observed in writing the article.
Results: The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles depends on the concentration, shape and diameter of the nanoparticles as well as the time of effect and the type of microorganism. The molecular mechanism of these nanoparticles has been through oxidative stress. The mechanism of inhibitory action of silver ions on microorganisms is the loss of DNA replication ability, inactivation of the expression of ribosomal subunit proteins and other bacterial cell proteins and enzymes necessary for ATP production. The effect of silver ions is primarily on the function of membrane-bound enzymes such as key enzymes in the respiratory chain. Thus, similar cellular mechanisms can cause cell death effects in prokaryotes, fungi, and eukaryotes.
Conclusion: The results showed that variables such as type of microorganism, contact time, concentration, shape and diameter of silver nanoparticles had a significant effect on inhibiting microbial growth.