Showing 17 results for Risk
Dr Kataun Samimi Rad, Mr Babak Shahbaz, Mr Mahdi Noroozi, Dr Mahmood Mahmoodi, Mr Masoud Fayaz Vaseghi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: A high prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients has been reported worldwide. Risk factors such as history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis and recently nosocomial transmission of HCV in hemodialysis units have been identified. In this study the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus antibody and risk factors in hemodialysis patients in Markazi province is investigated. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analythical study, blood samples were obtained from all 204 hemodialysis patients. Samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by using third generation enzyme immunoassay. The reactive samples on ELISA were confirmed by the third generation RIBA. Risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire. Data was analysed using Chi square and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among hemodialysis patients was 4.9%.Duration of hemodialysis was identified as a major risk factor in transmission of HCV (p=0.004). There was a significant relationship between anti-HCV positivity and previous renal transplantation (p=0.032). Female sex was another risk factor for HCV infection (p=0.030). There was no significant relationship between anti-HCV positivity and history of blood transfusion. Conclusion: Nosocomial transmission of HCV within hemodialysis units seems to be a route of infection in patients on hemodialysis in Markazi province. Application of dialysis precautions recommended by CDC can reduce the prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients in this province.
Dr Babak Eshrati, Dr Korush Houlakooei, Dr Mohammad Kamli, Dr Jafar Hassan-Zadeh, Dr Merdad Borhani, Dr Farshad Poor-Malek, Ms Fahimeh Kashfi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: The reason of infertility can have a direct influence on the plan and outcome of management. In this paper we intend to show the effect of tuberculosis (TB) history on female infertility among infertile couples attending to Rooyan infertility management center. Materials and methods: In this case-control study our cases were those who were diagnosed as infertile female and controls were those women whose husbands were infertile due to some male factor. We used logestic regression for analyzing the association of history of Tuberculosis and female infertility with attributable risk estimation. Results: 308 cases were compared to 314 controls. Considering the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, there was a significant difference between the history of TB and infertility (OR=4.7, 95% CI: 1.01-29.91). The attributable risk of TB for female infertility was 0.023±0.01 (which is significant at 5% level). Conclusion: These figures show that at least 2% of female infertility can be prevented by prevention and proper treatment of tuberculosis.
Saiid Sadrnia, Ali Chehreii,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a common asymptomatic and usually easy to treat disease. Regarding the fact that genetic, social and nutritional factors responsible for inducing hypertension are not the same in different societies, it is necessary to performe a study to introduce a model of hypertention which includes laboratory measures as risk factors of hypertension at Arak city in 2004. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. Study samples were 1000 persons (263 patients with hypertension and 737 healthy people). Samples were selected using multi-stage method in which the population ratio in city and village in both groups was considered. Laboratory findings and ECG results were documented. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logestic regression. Results: In this study hepertensive patients were compared to healthy people. Some risk factors in this study were LVH (p<0.0001), high triglyceride, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Also a model was made based on ECG results and laboratory findings to predict the probability of hypertension. Conclusion: By educating physicians about the determined risk factors in this study, they can control them better and decrease hypertension complications in heart, brain, kidney and eye. On the other hand the obtained model can be used in determination of the propable hypertension in people with positive family history
Hamed Reihani, Azadeh Haghiri,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2007)
Abstract
Introduction:Decubitus ulcer is a pressure-induced tissue injury that may affect skin, muscle, connective tissue, cartilage and bone. The present study was designed to find out risk factors of decubitus ulcer in head and spinal cord injured patient admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Materials and Methods: In this cross - seetional analythical study all consecutive craniospinal trauma patients admitted to intensive care unit were included.Upon arrival at the hospital and every 48 hours, all patients were examined for existence of bed sore. Braden scale, age, kind of mattress, site of primary injury and level of consciousness were used to determine risk factors. Data was analyzed using T and Chi square tests and logistic regretion. Results: Among 198 patients (171 male, 27 female with mean age of 31.4=19.8), 166 patients (3.8%) had cranial and 32 (16.2%) patients had spinal trauma. Of samples, 45 (22.7%) patients had 67 sores in 13 different sites. Incidence of bed sore was 22.7% (in cranial and spinal injured patients was 4.54% and 18.18% respectively). The most common sites were intergluteal cleft (33.3%) and sacral regions (28.9%). Bed sores were observed more frequently in immobile patients and those with impaired sensation, the difference were statistically significant (p<0.005 and p<0.005 respectively) hence immobility and impaired sensation are known as risk factors. Patient’s sores were not influenced by age, moisture, activity, nutrition and type of mattress variables. Time of hospital stay in patients with bed sore was significantly more than those without bed sore (P<0.00001). Coma patients (GCS 8) had developed bed sore more frequently than conscious ones (OR=6.1, RR=4.4, P=0.00001). Conclusion: Results show that risk factors of deubitus ulcers in ICU admitted craniospinal trauma patients were decreased sensation, activity and level of conciousness and lenglt of hospital stay.
Abalfazl Mohammadbeygi, Narges Mohammad Salehi, Farhad Ghamari, Bahman Salehi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background: The University is a stressful place can cause depression symptoms and it's a critical context for studying of students’ psychological health. Because of moving away from family, living with other students, academic atmosphere pressures and uncertain future, students are often in risk of depression. This study was done to determine prevalence and related factors of depression in students of Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 304 undergraduate medical and basic students in Arak universities, from May to July 2008. General Health Questionnaire -28 question (GH-28) has been used for data gathering and analyzed by T-test, chi2 and logistic regression tests. Results: Mean of students' general health was 26.18±11.02 and 52.3% of students were scored above the threshold of GHQ- 28, that indicating depression. Female sex, major uninteresting, uncertain future and positive family history were the most important risk factors of depression but significant relationship between age, education Course and year were not seen. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was higher than society and in girls is more than boys students. But there wasn’t any difference between medical and non medical students. So attention to financial and occupational future of graduated and under graduated students is essential.
Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Soheila Zareifar, Seyed Hamid Hosseini, Aziz Dehghan,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background: Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children which its relapse decreases the patients’ survival rate. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors involved in leukemia relapse in patients in Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, during 2004-2009 years.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 280 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia were included. Patient characteristics were analyzed with respect to their association with recurrence through Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression model using SPSS software version 16 (P-value<0.05).
Results: Logistic regression model revealed a statistically significance relationship between age and recurrence of the disease (odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.82), odds ratio of relapse in the 5-10 years old age group was 0.35 times more than the 0-5 years old age group (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Noticing the greater likelihood of relapse in 0-5 years old age group compared with the 5-10 years old age group, more attention and better follow-up for decreasing the side effects of the disease and enhancing the survival rate of the 0-5 y/o age group are recommended.
Hamid Soori, Mojdeh Mortazavi, Armita Shahesmaeil, Hossien Mohseni, Mehdi Zangiabadi, Elaheh Ainy,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background: Risky behaviours are defined as behaviours that cause bad and unpleasant outcomes. Risky behaviours result in the incidence of accident in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine workers’ risky behaviours associated with safety and health in SAIPA Car Manufacturing Company, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study using randomized quota sampling, 302 workers exposed to the incidence of accidents were selected. Data were collected concurrently by trained safety experts using self-fulfilment researcher-made questionnaire and direct observation. Validity and reliability of the data collection tool was determined prior to the study.
Results: The findings revealed that low back pain, hand pain, leg pain, and respiratory diseases as the most common diseases with 86.4, 58.9, 40, and 33% prevalence rates, respectively. The maximum prevalence rates of unsafe and unhealthy behaviours were 66 and 57% , respectively. In general, unsafe behaviours were higher among shift workers, especially night shift workers (p<0.001). Unhealthy behaviours were higher among assembling line staff, welders, retouching staff, technicians, wet painters, and production line workers (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of unsafe and unhealthy behaviours necessitates intervention for controlling and preventing work injuries and, as a result, reduction of musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases, especially with regards to more prevalent behaviours and related sectors and high risk subgroups.
Aliasghar Farazi, Nader Zarrinfar, Farshideh Didgar, Mansoureh Jabbariasl, Parisa Mirzajani,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background: Treatment failure and relapse is a major problem in the treatment and control of brucellosis. The present study directed to determine risk factors for failure of treatment and relapse in patients treated for brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive - analytic and prospective study and were conducted in 72 patients with acute brucellosis.Patients were followed up during treatment and for six months after completion of therapy, and patients with treatment failure or relapse were analyzed. All data analyzed using SPSS software and P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean value of age in patients was 40.2 ± 16.5 years. Treatment failures was 6.9% and the relapse at the end of the ninth month was 12.5% that recurrence of symptoms were associated with increased titers of serological tests and 80.6 percent had successful treatment. In this study gender of male (P = 0.026), occupational exposure (P = 0.005), delayed treatment in less than two weeks (P = 0.016), hepatosplenomegaly (P = 0.003), thrombocytopenia (P = 0.023), CRP &ge +2 (P = 0.017) and Wright &ge 1/320 and 2-ME &ge 1.160 at the end of the sixth week of treatment (P = 0.004 and P = 0.010) were risk factors of treatment failure and relapse in brucellosis.
Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of relapse and treatment failure in acute brucellosis is not clear, therefore, the prediction of relapse may be useful in preventing recurrence and treatment of patients.
Reza Pourimani, Fariba Asadpour,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Nuclear radiation emission by radionuclides causes the diseases, such as cancer or genetic anomalies. Therefore, the study of radioactivity in soil and food as well as calculating the risk of cancer seems essential for foods consumption.
Materials and Methods: In this research, nine different varieties of beans containing the grain of beans, areal part and their soil cultivated were collected. The specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs was determined for each sample employing gamma ray spectrometry method using high purity germanium detector with 30% relative efficiency.
Results: The absorbed dose rate in the air in one meter above the ground surface varied from 77.23 to 112.78 in nGy/h. The annual effective dose rate absorbed by adult person from the beans consumption in Iran is in the range of 122.14 to 905.86 in μSv/y. The cancer risk for the different varieties of beans varied from of 1.87 × 10-5 to 1.59 ×10-4 which is less than acceptable value as 10-3.
Conclusion: The specific activities of radionuclides in soils samples are more than average of world wide range. The absorbed dose rate from bean consumption for the most of Varieties is more than of world average. Cancer risk resulted from bean consumption is less than acceptable value and consumption of bean has no risk for population health.
Hamidreza Shokrani, Reza Nabavi, Zahra Alizade Sarabi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: Demodex mites can infect the sebaceous glands and hair follicles from almost every area of human skin especially on the face. Demodicosis is considered to be a factor in the pathogenesis of some skin disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Demodex mites and to identify the association between risk factors and Demodex infection.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 university students in Khorramabad, Iran. Samples were collected from three different regions of the face (nose, cheeks and forehead) using two different methods, including cellophane tape method (CTP) and skin pressurization. A questionnaire was filled for each individual and data were subjected to statistical analyses using chi-square test.
Results: The overall prevalence of Demodex mites was 55%. The detection rate of infection by cellophane tape method was much higher than that of the skin pressurization (p<0.01). The incidence of Demodex was found to occur more frequently in males and in people with oily skin (p<0.05). Furthermore, the infection rate among students with acne vulgaris was significantly higher than that of students without acne (p<0.05). We found a significant difference between acne vulgaris and density of Demodex mites (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The cellophane tape method (CTP) is an easy and suitable method for epidemiologic investigations. Skin types and gender were identified as risk factors. Our study suggests that Demodex infection could be associated with acne vulgaris.
Reza Pourimani, Hosein Sadeghi, Mohammad Zahedi Nejad,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Amount of natural background ionizing radiations in environment depends on kind of soil, stones and geographical conditions. Hot springs of Mahallat facilities are annually visited by many tourists. Determination of environmental radioactivity and excess lifetime cancer risk is very important.
Materials and Methods: In this research, twenty four samples of igneous and travertine rocks from a region (300 hectares) and four water samples of Mahallat hot springs were collected. The specific activities of radionuclides were determined for all samples by using gamma ray spectrometry method and employing high purity germanium detector with 30% relative efficiency.
Results: External and internal hazard indices for igneous rocks, water and two travertine samples varied from 0.00 to 0.71 and for two another travertine samples obtained from 8.17 to 22.50. The average of annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) was determined as 0.36 and 0.20 mSv/y and also the average of excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was calculated as 0.23 × 10-3 and 0.12×10-3 for igneous and travertine rocks, respectively. Maximum acceptable value and world wide average of ELCR are 10-3 and 0.29×10-3, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this research show that the hazard indices and ELCR for magma region are less than unity and world wide average respectively. Therefore; there is no consequence for people health. So, the radioactivity only around the orifice of hot springs where radium compositions are deposited, is more than maximum acceptable value.
Mohammad Reza Tavakkol, Reza Tajik, Marzyeh Tavakkol,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Occupational hygiene is the art and science of the control of the occupational hazards and risk assessment is its most important duty. American Industrial Hygiene Association offered an accurate, sensitive and specific risk assessment method appropriate to the principles of the occupational health. In the present study, Arak Occupational hygienists idea about the strengths, weaknesses, administrative problems and improvement tools was asked.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and analytical research and census in Arak Occupational hygienists(N=53). Data recording forms were designed to improve the appreciation and implementation of the method. An Excel® spreadsheet file was prepared to facilitate the calculations and keeping the recorded data. Experts’ attitude in this regard was evaluated using a questionnaire. Descriptive information was assessed by SPSS software and the relationship between variables was assessed by the Pearson coefficient.
Results Totally, 4% of participants in university were familiar with the method of risk assessment. In this study, 88% of the participants stated that the early identification forms were effective in streamlining the procedure. Furthermore, 84% stated that early identification forms were effective in learning the method. A fundamental issue regarding this method is its simplicity and ability to overall conception; that showed a uniform distribution from appropriate to inappropriate. The relationship between Excel file streamlining and simplicity of its concepts was found to be 0.743.
Conclusion: Application of tools such as identical forms and spreadsheets can help in simplifying and conception of this method and reduce some of the administrative problems.
Aziz Eghbali, Hasan Taher Ahmadi, Shahla Zabihzadeh, Morteza Mousavi Hasanzadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second cause of death in children under fourteen years old. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and predisposing factors of childhood cancers.
Materials and Methods: This observational-descriptive study was performed on 82 children in the oncology department of Amir-kabir Hospital in Arak who were referred between 2011 and 2016. Data on age, sex, type of malignancy and predisposing factors were carried out by person interviews or patient records and were registered in checklist and analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.2.46.87 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The results showed that 56.1 percentage of patients were aged 0-5 years, 74.1 percentage were urban, 90.2 percentage were alive, 99 percentage were singleton, 92.7 percentage full term, 46.3 percentage of them were the first children and 87.9% of them had birth weight over 2500 g. There was no significant relationship between the delivery method and delivery problems, the sex of the patients, the environmental factors (such as consuming canned food, sausages, insecticide use, drug use during pregnancy and the rate of infectious diseases), However, there was a direct relationship between the increased age of parents and the high socioeconomic level with the risk of cancer.
Conclusion: The risk of childhood cancers in Markazi province is more related to genetic factors and the environmental factors causing cancers in children are less involved in this study.
Zohreh Dehghani, Reza Tajik, Ramin Zare,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High occupational stress reduces the workers’ concentrations and decision-making power. In industries with high risks in term of exposure to hazards, there may be negative consequence. This study aimed to investigate relationship between Occupational Stress (OS) and the job-related risks in the steel industry.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional design carried out in a steel industry located in Lorestan province of Iran in 2017. For risk and OS assessments, the Melbourne University’s 3D risk assessment model and the United Kingdom's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS V. 22.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the Code: IR.NREC.007.1394.05.
Results: A total of 182 job-related risks were identified for 14 job titles. 19.3% of subjects had high OS level. The risk rank had a statistically significant correlation with overall OS score (P=0.03), and OS dimensions of control (P=0.02) and demand (P=0.02). There was no significant difference between the mean OS score and age, work experience, educational level.
Conclusion: Due to the relationship of risk amount and OS among workers in the steel industry, Planning to control stressors in the workplace and managing occupational risks by reducing the likelihood and consequence of job-related risks seems essential.
Nahal Moharekpour, Vahab Habibipour, Davood Shamci,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Crisis management is an important field of management, especially in the field of health. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of disaster management mechanisms in hospitals of Arak, Iran.
Methods & Materials In this regard, 240 questionnaires were distributed among hospital and nursing managers in Arak. The questionnaire had acceptable reliability with Cronbach’ alpha value of 0.897.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: 1274.1401.REC.ARAKMU.IR).
Results Then, by using structural equation modeling in LISREL software, the designed model was analyzed. Finally, by using statistical tests, the research hypotheses were examined.
Conclusion The results showed the significant effect of three factors of “lack of stability in business environment”, “risk taking”, and “organizational culture” on the development of the mechanism of crisis management.
Mahmood Haghiri, Vahab Habibpour, Nahal Moharekpour, Morteza Ghasemi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of nurses’ autonomy on the quality of patient care based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s model
Methods & Materials This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 101 nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak, Iran from the intensive care unit and internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments. The data collection tools were Moghimi and Ramazan’s patent care quality questionnaire and an autonomy assessment questionnaire based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s autonomy model. The data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.66).
Results The mean autonomy score of nurses was 3.16 ±0.35, indicating a desirable level. Nurses of all departments had limited autonomy. In the internal department, nurses had unsanctioned autonomy, while in the surgical department, they had autonomous nursing care action. The regression models were significant for all departments except for the internal department. With an increase of one unit in limited autonomy in the intensive care unit, autonomous nursing care in the surgical department, and limited autonomy in pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments among the nurses, the quality of care can be increased by 0.253, 0.187, 0.522, 0.205, 0.466 and 0.129, respectively.
Conclusion Nurses’ autonomy can increase the quality of patient care. The nursing managers need to empower nurses and provide an environment for them to apply their knowledge in practicing autonomy.
Yasaman Noroozi, Parisa Janjani,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation.
Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University.
Results: The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant.
Conclusions: Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls.
