Showing 3 results for Retro
Parsa Yousefi, Ali Cyrus, Fatemeh Dorreh, Masoumeh Ahmadi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Children with reflux who fail prophylaxis management or reflux which do not resolve spontaneously are candidates for sugery. Delay in surgery increases the development of new renal scars. Finding a modal factor for prediction of reflux resolution likelihood can decrease complications of treatments. Regarding that sacral bone anomalies have a direct influence on the final function of urinary and bowel systems, this study is done to investigate the relationship between sacral ratio and reflux. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. The case group included 76 children less than 9 years old refered to Vali-e-Asr and Amir Kabir hospital clinics with urinary tract infection and according to voiding cystouretrograply (VCUG) results, children with III, IV and V grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) entered the study. The control group included 76 children with previous urinary tract infection and normal VCUG. Sacral ratio in the two groups was measured and was compared by student t, Chi square and Mann Whitney tests. Results: The case group included 24 males and 52 females with average age of 2.7 years old and the control group included 23 males and 53 females with the average age of 3 years. The percent of sacral ratio abnormality were 40% and 23.7% in the case and control groups respectively, which was significantly different (p=0.001). The difference between the mean sacral ratio in case group with the value of 80% and the control group with the value of 84% was not different. The ratio distribution pattern in the two groups was not different. Conclusion: The percent of sacral ratio abnormality in children with vesicoureteral reflux were more than children without reflux.
Safieh Sofian, Hossein Nadri Manesh, Abdolali Alizadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background: Aurein 1/2 is a 13-residue peptide with a vast antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Two- dimensional NMR spectroscopy of peptide solubilized in the 70% TFE (2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethanol) indicated an alpha-helical conformation. The mechanism of its action is not yet fully recognized. This study was designed to improve the antimicrobial activity and relationship between subsequence-activity in Aurein 1/2 and its analoges. Analogs of this peptide were designed and synthesized. Methods and Materials: The G1F3/RW and F3W analogs and retro - analog were synthesized with solide phase and purified via HPLC and lyophilized. These analogs were assayed by several methods: amino acid analysis, HPLC, and electrospray mass spectrometry. Then antimicrobial activity of the peptides was assessed by using the standard microdilution susceptibility test. Results: The data demonstrated that G1F3/RW analog had a higher activity and results of test figure of minimum inhibitory concentration for F3W analog had three levels. But the native, F3W analog and retro-analog was inactive. Conclusion: The higher activity of G1F3/RW in compare to F3W may be related to the positive charge of Arg that leading stronger interaction with the negative charges on the membrane surface. The result showed that reversed direction of aurein 1/2 significantly effects on activity of the peptide. It is also suggested inactivation of reto-analog amino acid type, position and size should be cautious for peptides designed as drug because it may be effect to control dimerization and maintenance of antimicrobial activity of the peptide.
Sara Karimi Moghadam, Roohollah Dorostkar, Saeed Hesami Takallou,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iran and breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women. Diagnosis of breast cancer in early stages could increase the lifetime of more than 90% of patients. Human endogenous retroviruses are as heterochromatic parts of the genome, lack any expression. But in several categories of human cancers, including breast cancer, there is a significant increase in the level of HERV-Kenv mRNA.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 40 breast cancer patients admitted in Baqiyatallah Hospital and 20 healthy individuals to study the increased expression of HERV-Kenv mRNA using specific primers and were tested by RT-PCR.
Results: Investigations on the patient and control groups showed that increased expression of mRNA was positive in 60% of patients with breast cancer and negative in all healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that expression of mRNA HERV Kenv in breast cancer was increased. Since enhancement of mRNA HERV-Kenv in the blood of breast cancer patients occurs in of disease, these retroelements could be used as a diagnostic biomarker
