Showing 11 results for Rest
Parvin Zareian,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: The role of sex hormones in pain perception and the effect of stress on reproductive system have not been determined yet. The present study investigated the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on nociception and sex hormones concentration in rats. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was carried out with 47 male and female rats which ranged in weight from 170-230 gr. In order to transmit stress to the rats, they were initially exposed to acute restraint stress (1h) and chronic stress (for two weeks-1h/day). Then they were submitted to tail flick test for nociception evaluation. Sex hormones serum level was measured by radioimmunoassay method. Results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In male and female rats, acute restraint stress had significant increment in latency in the tail flick test. Chronically stress in male rats, was not significant effect on latency time. Chronically stress in females responded to restraint stress with an increase in tail flick latency. Both acute and chronic restraint stress reduced testosterone level in the male rats. In the female rats, only acute restraint stress significantly decrease plasma estradiol level. Restraint stress did not effect on testosterone concentration level in the female and estradiol level in the male rats. Conclusion: Acute restrain stress decrease nociceptive and sex hormon levels in male and female rate but, chronic restraint stress causes sex dependent response.
Alireza Bahrami, Abbas Saremi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background: Old, obese, and sedentary individuals are at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Exercise improves metabolic anomalies associated with such diseases, but the effects of caloric restriction in coupled with exercise on such high- risk groups are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week lifestyle modification program on C- reactive protein and metabolic syndrome parameters in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study with pretest – posttest design, 21 sedentary men were randomly assigned to 12- week caloric restriction (CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.59± 4.90, BMI: 30.02± 1.73, CR, n=10) or exercise+caloric restriction group (EX+CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.23± 5.6, BMI: 29.84± 1.60, EX+CR, n=11). Body composition, cardiovascular risk markers, and C- reactive protein were measured pre and post intervention.
Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, significant reduction in body weight, abdominal fat (visceral, subcutaneous), insulin resistance, blood lipid profile, and C- reactive protein were observed in EX+CR group (P>0.05), Whereas, in CR group only significant improvement were observed in body weight and insulin resistance index (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions incorporating diet to exercise improve insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and other cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Azar Jafari, Sharbanuo Parchami Barjui, Somaye Reiisi, Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori, Sepideh Miraj,
Volume 16, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious problem of pregnancy and its etiology is still unknown. The inheritance of preeclampsia is one of the theories regarding to the etiology of preeclampsia. Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is associated with decrease MTHFR activity, and therefore cause higher blood levels of homocysteine and leads to vascular disease that can be the reason of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism with PE development in south-west of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed in 129 preeclamptic pregnant women and 125 control individuals.The C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was determined by PCR-RFLP method.
Results: The CC, CT and TT genotypes frequency of C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene were 57.4, 38.8 and 3.9 percent in preeclamptic women and 53.6, 40 and 6.4 percent in control group. They were not significantly different (p=0.614). However, the frequency of TT genotype was higher in control group (p=0.36). There was not any significant difference in T allele distribution between preeclamptic women (23.3%) and control group (26.4%).
Conclusion: Our results showed that there was not any correlation between the C677T polymorphism and PE but the TT genotype of C677T polymorphism seems to be a protective factor for preeclampsia.
Behnaz Tavasoli, Saber Ebrahimi, Rima Manafi, Fatemeh Kiani, Majid Safa, Ahmad Kazemi,
Volume 17, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children. Currently, chemotherapy is the most effective method of leukemia cancer treatmentwhich has many side effects. New strategies in cancer therapy utilizecompounds that specifically target aberrant signaling pathways in order to reduce toxic sideeffects Indole-3-carbinl (I3C) found in vegetables has multiple anti-cancer properties because of its ability to modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways. In this study the molecular mechanism of the action of indole-3-carbinol on pre- B ALL cells was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In current study, NALM-6 cells were treated with different concentrations of I3C at specific times. Analysis of cellular DNA content was performed by flow cytometry for evaluation of cell cycle status. The protein expression of p21, p53 as well as c-Myc proteins was determined by Western blot in I3C-treated cells.
Results: Cell cycle histogram analysis showed that I3C significantly increased the percentage of G1 cells compared with non-treated cells (control)(p<0.05). The western blot analysis also indicated I3C significantly up regulated p21, p53 expression and down regulated c-Myc expression (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The G1 arrest induced by I3C is associated with down-regulation of c-Myc and up-regulation of p53 and its downstream target p21.
Abbas Saremi, Shahnaz Shahrjerdi, Atefe Kavyani,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Sirtuin-1 regulates important cellular processes, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, and metabolism. Therefore, sirtuin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on sirtuin-1 level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest – posttest design, twenty diabetic women (aged 43.92±5.2 y) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or non-exercising control groups. Aerobic training program was performed 50-60 min/d, 3d/wk, for 2 months. Serum levels of sirtuin-1, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by paired T test.
Results: Adiposity indices, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- cholesterol,blood glucose and insulin resistance index were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.05). Also, sirtuin-1 level was increased in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These findings show that aerobic exercise is associated with an improvement in siruin-1 levels and metabolic indices in women with type 2 diabetes.
Fatemeh Jalalvand, Masoumeh Asle-Rousta,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chronic restraint stress impairs spatial learning and memory. Myrtle (Myrtus communis) has antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of myrtle hydroalcoholic extract on chronic restraint stress-induced spatial learning and memory deficit in adult male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 80 adult male Wistar rats were allocated to eight groups (10 in each) included control group (intact), myrtle0.75, myrtle1.5, myrtle3 groups (were gavaged with hydroalcoholic extract of myrtle at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/ kg bw doses), stress group (restrained in restrainers for 6 hours per day for 21 consecutive days), stress- myrtle0.75, stress-myrtle1.5 and stress- myrtle3 groups (received myrtle extract at 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/ kg bw doses and exposed to chronic immobility stress). Spatial learning and memory were examined through the Morris water maze test.
Findings: Chronic immobilization stress caused spatial learning and memory impairment. Consuming doses 1.5 and 3 of Myrtle extract to stressed animals caused significant decrease in spent time and swam distance to reach the hidden platform (p<0.05) and increased time lapsed in target quadrant comparing with stress group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It has been concluded that myrtle extract can improve spatial learning and memory in rats exposed to stress in a dose dependent manner.
Mohsen Salesi, Mohammad Mehrtash, Farhad Daryanoosh, Nader Tanide,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Excessive fat accumulation is one of the most important mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Accordingly, in this study, we will examine the effect of caloric restriction on lipid coat proteins that prevent lipolysis of the adipose tissue.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 weight) were used. First, rats were divided into 2 groups (standard and high-calorie diet). After 8 weeks, the high-calorie diet group was randomly assigned to two subgroups: caloric restriction and high-fat diet. Finally, the amount of perilipin 1 and 5 genes expression evaluated by Pcr and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA index.
Findings: The weight and insulin resistance of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the standard and calorie restriction group (p≤0.005). Insulin resistance was not significantly different between the caloric restriction and standard group (p = 0.394). The expression of perilipin 1 in the adipose tissue of the high-fat diet was significantly higher than the caloric restriction group (p ≤0.005). The expression of perilipin 1 gene in skeletal muscle in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the calorie restriction and standard diet groups (p≤0.005). The calorie restriction group had more perilipin 5 expressions than the high-fat diet and the standard group (p ≤0.005).
Conclusion: The caloric restriction may be due to the effect on lipid coat proteins and, as a result, a decrease in fat accumulation, that it can prevent insulin resistance.
Marzieh Kamkar, Samad Zare, Farrin Babaei,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Food restriction (FR) affects on depression and anxiety behavior. Previous studies have pointed to the role of sulpiride in the treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of dopaminergic system and food restriction on depression and anxiety.
Materials and Methods: Forty two adult male Wistar rats (180-220g) were divided into 7 groups including: control, sham, 25%, 50%, 75% FR, 75% FR with sulpiride and sulpiride(50µg/rat). The treatment period was 21 days. Day 19 surgery and cannulation was performed and Sulpiride was injected intracrebroventricularly (icv) on the 21st day. Depression and anxiety tests (Tail suspension test and Elevated Plus Maze), was taken from the rats on the 21st day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical points were observed according to the declaration of Helsinki and acts of Bioethics Committee at Urmia University (Ref No: AECVU-180-2018).
Findings: Mobility time in FR groups and sulpiride compared to control and in 75% with sulpiride compared to 75% had significant increase. immobility time in FR and sulpiride had significant decrease compared to control. Open arm entry in 75% FR had significantly decreased compared to control and in 75% FR with sulpiride had significantly increased compared to 75%. Open arm spend time in 75% FR with sulpiride had significant increase compared to 75%. Motor activity was reduced in FR groups and injection sulpiride.
Conclusion: It seems that sulpride and FR play a role in improving
semi-depression circumstances. Sulpiride also play a role in controlling the anxiety behavior induced by FR. |
Mohammadreza Zarali, Zaher Etemad, Kamal Azizbeigi, Pouran Karimi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim Apoptosis or programmed death is active biological process and reversible that the balance between growth and cell death in various tissues, particularly myocardial tissue is essential role. The aim of this study was the effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without food restriction on gene expression of Caspase 3 and 9 in rats.
Methods & Materials: This study was experimental multi group design with control group which conducted on 30 rats with two months old male. Subjects were divided in to five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training and caloric restriction+interval exercise training. Training groups five sessions in weeks were participated in interval exercise training for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of the proteins Caspase 3 and 9 was evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Dates were analyzed using the 1-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05).
Ethical Considerations: The protocol of this study was approved by the Medical Committee of Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MYK.REC.1397.5022).
Results: The results showed that the training group had a significant decrease in gene expression of Caspase 3 in comparison with caloric restriction+exercise training (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training+caloric restriction significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 9 compared to caloric restriction, base control and control (P<0.05) and significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 3 compared to base control and control (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that high intensity interval training with and without calorie restriction provides the necessary adaptations to inhibit or stop apoptosis induced by aerobic exercise.
Ahmad Hamta, Sahar Adl,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-induced deaths in women, worldwide. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays an essential role in the growth, invasion, movement, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in the intron 2 of the FGFR2 gene, i.e., associated with a high risk of breast cancer. Genetic variation in this receptor is a new risk factor for breast cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2981582C/T in women with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: In total, 80 women with breast cancer and 80 healthy women (controls) were selected from Markazi Province, Iran to participate in this research. Polymorphism rs2981582 was analyzed to investigate its association with breast cancer. DNA extraction from blood samples was performed using a kit. The presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR - RFLP). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS using Chi-squared test at P≤0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.28).
Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency of rs2981582 polymorphism in the FGFR2 gene between the control and patient groups (P=0.000). In the patient group, the TT genotype was significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer (P=0.001; OR=3.566). On the other hand, allele C indicated a protective role against the disease (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The obtained data revealed a significant relationship between rs2981582 C/T polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer; thus, this single-nucleotide polymorphism could be used as a biomarker to predict breast cancer.
Vahid Fekri Kourabbaslou, Ali Fakourian, Mohsen Heydarian, Seyed Masoud Kashfi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistance training with blood flow restriction can have the same effects as traditional resistance training. The current study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of selected resistance training with active and passive rest, with and without blood flow restriction, on young men’s C Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle endurance.
Methods & Materials: From the available and voluntary samples, 24 healthy young soldiers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force were divided into 3 groups of 8 subjects: traditional resistance training, resistance training with blood flow restriction, and passive rest and resistance training with blood flow restriction and active rest. Exercise programs were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 70-80% One-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional resistance group (3 sets of 10), 20-30% 1RM for the passive rest group (30-15-15-15), and 20 -30% 1RM was administered for the active rest group (30-7-15-7-15). Before and after six weeks, physiological and anthropometric characteristics, muscle endurance, and hormonal levels were measured, and ELISA measured blood samples. Data were analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests and paired t-test for comparison within groups.
Ethical Considerations: All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics committee of the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (Code: I.R.SSRC.REC.1398.129), Clinical Trial (Code: ID IRCT20191207045644N1) from the Iran Clinical Trial Registration Center and were conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: Results showed that 6 weeks of exercise had a significant effect on Muscle endurance (P=0.001) but on the levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.43) and Lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.44) had no significant difference.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that a combination of resistance training with restriction of blood flow and Interval training (active rest) can be a good alternative to traditional training and, in some cases, replace resistance training with occlusion and passive rest.
