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Background: ANKK1 (ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1) gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This family involved in signal transduction pathways. This gene contains Taq1A (rs1800497) single nucleotide polymorphism. The A1 allele carriers of TaqIA polymorphism have shown reduced DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor D2) receptors. This decrease predisposes individuals to seek for addictive substances to compensate this deficiency in dopaminergic system. The present study investigated TaqIA (rs1800497) polymorphism in heroin and methamphetamine addiction.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 91 male methadone-maintained heroin and methamphetamine addicts and 100 male healthy controls were studied. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out from peripheral blood through salting-out method and individuals were genotyped for TaqIA polymorphism by RFLP-PCR technique and TaqI enzyme was used for RFLP.

Results: This survey revealed the significantly higher frequency of the A1 allele of TaqIA polymorphism in patients than control individuals (p<0.001). The frequency of A1 allele in patient and control individuals was %51 and %22.5, respectively. The A1A1 genotype was detected in 25% of patients and 7% of controls (p<0.001, OR=9.7, 95% CI=3.64-25.85).

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the A1 allele of TaqIA polymorphism is significantly associated with heroin and methamphetamine addiction.

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Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-induced deaths in women, worldwide. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays an essential role in the growth, invasion, movement, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in the intron 2 of the FGFR2 gene, i.e., associated with a high risk of breast cancer. Genetic variation in this receptor is a new risk factor for breast cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2981582C/T in women with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials:  In total, 80 women with breast cancer and 80 healthy women (controls) were selected from Markazi Province, Iran to participate in this research. Polymorphism rs2981582 was analyzed to investigate its association with breast cancer. DNA extraction from blood samples was performed using a kit. The presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR - RFLP). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS using Chi-squared test at P≤0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.28).
Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency of rs2981582 polymorphism in the FGFR2 gene between the control and patient groups (P=0.000). In the patient group, the TT genotype was significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer (P=0.001; OR=3.566). On the other hand, allele C indicated a protective role against the disease (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The obtained data revealed a significant relationship between rs2981582 C/T polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer; thus, this single-nucleotide polymorphism could be used as a biomarker to predict breast cancer.