Showing 6 results for Pentylenetetrazole
Mohamadreza Palizvzn, Ehsan Elah Ghaznavi Rad,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common afflictions of human. The amygdala is one of the most sensitive epilepsy induction areas. This area has been the focus of interest, in large part due to its role in fear conditioning. It seems that any abnormality in the neuronal network in amygdala can increase the susceptibility of animal to seizure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between avoidance learning and kindeling susceptibility in rats.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 20 Wistar male rats were trained for two way active avoidance learning in the shuttle box, and on the basis of escape response were divided into fast and slow learning animals. The rats were administered Pentylenetetrazole for induction of kindeling. Then seizure stages were noted. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's test.
Results: Results of the present study demonstrated that slow learning animals comparing to fast learnings were more prone to kindeling and there was a significant difference in the seizure stage and stage 2 latency in the two groups.
Conclusion: On the basis of the present data it is possible to predict the predisposing of male rats to kindeling from the rate of fear conditioning that indicates the abnormality in amygdala neuronal circuits
Mohmmadreza Palizvan, Yahya Jand,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background: pentylenetetrazole Kindling is widely used as a model for epileptogenesis. The achievement of kindling criterion is known to require repeated drug injection during time to develop. In this article a series of experiments aimed to examin the hypothesis that after 4 primary injections only time is needed to induced kindling in wistar rats. Methods and Materials: In this experimental research, 32 male Wistar rats were divided in two groups. Control Group were kindled by repeated injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ 37.5 mg/kgi.p. 48 h interval), in case group were done 4 repeated injections of pentylenetetrazole and have 32 days time lapse, at the end of experiment two groups received same dose of PTZ simultaneously and seizure parameters were assessed. Data were analyzed using student’s t-test and one way ANOVA and Turkey’s test. Results: Results showed there isn’t significant differences in seizure parameters such as seizure stage (control 4.75±0.26, case 4.75±0.29), stage 2 latency (control 165±16.6, case 216±38.68), stage 5 latency (control 2.13±0.38, case 3.47±0.64) and stage 5 duration (control 21.15±2.42, case 23.42±1.20) between two groups. Conclusion: Resuits of this experiment introduces the new critical time window for PTZ kindling.
Sahar Parsaee, Homa Mohseni Kochesfehani, Gholamreza Kaka, Homayon Sadraee, Mojtaba Kahali,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Stress is a mental or emotional disturbance that occurs in response to external stimuli and can also appear during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal stress during pregnancy on the cerebellar structure changes and seizure threshold of their offspring .
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups: 1) Non stress group, and 2) Stress group which were under immobilization stress one hour for 14 days . The seizure threshold test in offspring was performed by injecting Pantilen tetrazol drug (PTZ)(n=8) . To investigate the cerebellum development, the offspring were divided into three groups . Control group: mothers did not any stress and offspring did not receive PTZ (n=4). Sham group: mothers did not stress but the offspring had received PTZ(n=4). Experimental group: mothers did stress and offispring did receive PTZ(n=4). After the section of cerebellum, the thickness of cerebellum layers and the number of cells in each layer were evaluated.
Results: The mean of seizure threshold in the offspring whose mothers were under the stress of pregnancy significantly increased compared to children whose mothers no received stress (p<0.001). In the other side, mean number of purkinje cells in the experimental group significantly decreased compared with the other groups (p<0.001). No significant differences were found in the mean of granular and molecular layers thickness of cerebellum in the experimental group when compared with the other groups(p<0.05). However, mean cellular density in the granular layer of cerebellum in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to other groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Stress during pregnancy increased the seizure threshold in offspring and caused some developmental and structural disorders in the cerebellar rat offspring.
Simin Namvar Aghdash, Mansoure Mokhtari,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Traditional medicinal herbs have remained as a component of disease treatment system of many societies in the world. Today, many scientists have paid attention to the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of epileptic seizures, because epilepsy is one of the most common neuropsychological disorders in the world that have many serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chelidonium Majus extract in the treatment of seizure.
Materials and Methods: In this study 40 mice have been randomly chosen and divided into 5 groups including a control group that received only pentylenetetrazol, sham group that received distilled water and 3 experimental groups received aqueous extract of Chelidonium Majus in doses of 50,100 and 150 mg/kg for 4 weeks. 30 minutes after gavage with different doses of the extract or distilled water, pentylenetetrazol was injected to experimental and sham groups. Animals immediately were transferred to a special cage and the seizure behaviors and parameters were recorded by a camera. Then, the different phases of seizure, latency time for onset of seizure and seizure duration were evaluated.
Results: Data analysis indicated that the aqueous extract of Chelidonium Majus had a significant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. Therapy by this extract increases latency time for onset of seizure and prevents progress of seizure phases.
Conclusion: The attained results showed that Chelidonium Majus extract has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. Thus, it may be used in seizure treatment.
Azam Alinaghipour, Marziyeh Tavassoli, Elahe Seyed Hosseini, Abolfazl Ardjmand,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neuronal damage following seizures and epilepsy is one of the main causes of disabilities and mortality worldwide. In recent years, preconditioning has been introduced as a novel strategy for the prevention of brain damage. Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which a minor noxious stimulus protects from a subsequent more severe insult. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of ethanol (Eth) preconditioning on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced impairment memory in the inhibitory avoidance model.
Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 45 adult male Wistar rats (180-200 g). Animals were assigned into five groups: Control, Eth 0.25, Eth 0.5, PTZ and Eth (0.5) +PTZ (n=9, for all groups). Eth-preconditioning was induced 6 days before the injection of PTZ. The animals were tested in a single trial step-through inhibitory test in two sessions (train and test). Then locomotor activity of rats was recorded in the open-field apparatus and NR1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus was measured by real-time PCR technique.
Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that the Ethanol preconditioning did not impair inhibitory memory. Further, post-test analyses showed that Ethanol preconditioning significantly prevented from PTZ-induced memory impairment, and increased NR1 subunit mRNA expression in PTZ-induced memory impairment group. In addition, one-way ANOVA for the locomotor activity showed no significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion: Our results showed that a pre-conditioning treatment with Ethanol
(0.5g/kg/day), 6 days before PTZ-induced memory impairment may provide a kind of neuroprotection in rats.
Yousef Panahi, Davood Kiani Fard, Fatemeh Feyzi,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stimulatory and protective effects of Methylphenidate (MPD) on the experimental epilepsy induced by intraperitoneal injection of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in adult male rats.
Methods & Materials: In this study, 15 male rats (weight, 200-250 gr) dividied into one control group (n=5) received normal saline and two treatment groups; the first group (n=5) received MPD with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the second group (n=5) received MPD with a dose of 5 mg/kg by gavage. After anesthesia with ketamine-xylazin combination and animal skull surgery, the recorded electrodes were inserted into the cranium in the stratum striatum layer of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and epileptic activity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) and the epileptiform activity was evaluated in terms of the number of spikes per time unit and their amplitudes by eTrace software.
Ethical Considerations: This study with an ethics code of FVMT.REC.1397.67 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at University of Tabriz.
Results: Oral MPD at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses increased the number of spikes up to 576 and 613, respectively, compared to the control group (330 spikes), which were statistically significant. Amplitude of PTZ-induced epileptic activity after treatment with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg MPD reached 1254 and 1085 respectively compared to control group (1051), which were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The doses of oral MPD used in this study potentiate seizure activity. Therefore, the use of this drug in people with a background of seizure or suffering from some types of seizure should be cautious, and the evaluation of its effect in these patients need further studies.
