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Abstract Background: Study of the nursing and midwifery instructors and students viewpoints, as two important groups in teaching proccess, can be effect on codifying and evaluating of educational program and effectiveness in this courses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective educational and evaluation program on clinical learning from the nursing and midwifery instructors and students’ opinion in Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2008. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study in 2008, all students and clinical lecturer (n=84) were studied. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of three parts, demographic information, clinical education and evaluation program. Results: The age mean of the teachers and students respectively were 38±3.14, 22.2±2.18 years and the mean of theoretical and clinical history teaching of instructors, respectively, were 6.04±2.48 and 10./95±2.9 years. The most percents of instructors (91.3%) emphasized on considering the communicating skills education in education program. The most percents of students (85.2%) emphasized on considering the critical thinking and moral students support. Also, the most percents of instructors (78.3%) emphasized on step by step evaluation. While, the most percents of students (90.2%) emphasized on the effect of teachers evaluation and reflected the results to them. Conclusion: Hope to, this study results can be helpful to effective nursing and midwifery students’ lesson planning and evaluating.

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Abstract Background: Medication errors in healthcare professionals can threat the health of patient seriously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comments of nursing educators about reasons and reduction strategies of medication errors in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done in 2008. Statistical population was included educators of nursing students in Arak nursing and midwifery school through census method, 22 nursing educators were studied. For data gathering, a self- made questionnaire including two sections of demographic information and questions about reasons and reduction strategies of medication errors in nursing students, was used. Results: Respectively 50% and 100% of nursing educators have observed at least one occurred and were occurring medication errors. The most common causes of medication errors were lake of pharmacological information, poor drug calculation skills and illegible medication orders in drug card. Conclusion: The rate of medication errors in nursing students was high. It seems some causes like lake of pharmacological information and drug calculation, have associate with their education. Using these results, we can find the weaknesses of student or the educational system and resolve them

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Background: Nursing caries is a developing and rampant form of caries in the primary dentition, which results from pooling of fermentable liquids on primary teeth. This study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding factors on the development of nursing caries in 2-4 year old children in kindergartens of Zahedan. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2006, the social-economic status background (educational background of parents), past feeding practice (breast or bottle feeding and frequency of feeding in day or at night) of 230 2-4 year old in Zahedan, who had been selected in a multi-stage random manner, were examined. The children were examined by mirror and catheter. Diagnostic criterion for nursing caries was caries of at least two maxillary incisors. Results: Prevalence of nursing caries in the studied population was 13%. Factors such as breast feeding, frequency of bottle feeding at night, referring to dentist, and gender correlated with development of nursing caries (p<0.05). Bottle feeding during day or at night and the frequency of breast feeding did not have any significant effects on the development of nursing caries. Conclusion: The prevalence of nursing caries was less in children who had breast feeding, whereas it was higher in children who had frequent bottle feeding at night. Nursing caries was also more common in boys than girls.

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Background: Survey and control of nosocomial infections in the world is a global priority that The objective is to minimize infections in addition to decreased length of hospitalization And also significantly reduce the cost of health care .The aim of this study was evaluating the knowledge, self-efficacy and Practice of nursing staff in Disciplines Standard Precautions in order to prevention of nosocomial infection.

Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional and analytical study that was carried out on 130nursing staff selectedin in Arak university of medical sciense in 2013. Data collected with validity and reliebility questionnaire including of knowledge, self-efficacy and Practice of nursing staff in Disciplines Standard Precautions in order to prevention of nosocomial infection. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and pearson correlation.

Results: The mean knowledge was 46.92±14.66 and Practice 49.46±6.96 and average self-efficacy was 52.2±10.81 about infection prevention. There was not significant relationship between knowledge and Practice. But there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy, knowledge and Practice and marriage. Moreover there was a significant relationship between knowledge and gender. (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Despite moderate self-efficacy majority of Nurses do not have appropriate knowledge about prevention of nosocomial infection based on the findings of this study. Considering the important role of nurses in nosocomial infection prevention, training is necessary to increase nurses prevention behaviors. Therefor paying more attention by authorities to apply the necessary actions for training of nurses.

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Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders are mainly prevalent among college students who experience direct contact with patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains among Rehabilitation, Dentistry, and Nursing students at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 538 students of Arak University of Medical Sciences were recruited using the convenience sampling approach. Variables included age, sex, body mass index, study field, hours of using smartphone per day, and nine symptom sites being neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, low back, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. The researchers assessed the musculoskeletal pain by using the Nordic questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 18.
Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.253).
Results:  In this study, 538 students (205 males and 333 females) were studied with Mean±SD age of 22.04±2.53 years old. The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the spine (neck 29.4%, upper 24.3%, and lower back 37.2%) was higher than in upper and lower extremities. Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder, upper, lower back, and thigh were significantly different based on sex. Also, musculoskeletal pain in the neck and ankle, and foot were significantly different based on age (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between musculoskeletal pain of back and ankle based on smartphone use hours per day.
Conclusion: This study suggested that rehabilitation, nursing, and dentistry students are at risk for musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar, cervical, and upper back.