Showing 16 results for Nanoparticles
Hamed Alizadeh, Mojtaba Salouti, Reza Shapouri, Peyman Abdollahzadeh, Javad Nasseryan,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonotic infections in the world. The incidence of this infection is quite high and is endemic in several countries. According to WHO report, the prevalence of zoonotic and human brucellosis is on the rise in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and west Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of silver nanoparticles in treatment of brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the activity of silver nanoparticles against Brucella meltensis 16M was determined by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles were determined by macrodilution method. Also, the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles was studied in mouse model.
Results: The results showed that silver nanoparticles in low concentrations can kill Brucella melitensis 16M in laboratory conditions. MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles were 4 ppm and 6 ppm in macrodilution method, respectively. The anti-brucella effect of silver nanoparticles was also observed in mouse model.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that silver nanoparticles can be used against brucellosis.
Farnoosh Haghighi, Shahla Roudbar Mohammdi, Parisa Mohammadi, Mehdi Eskandari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans is the fourth common cause of chronic fungal infections that cause both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity due to C .albicans infections via medical devices, such as catheter and implants, are increasing. Therefore, finding new methods of combating such infectious agents seems necessary. In this study antifungal effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles on C .albicans biofilms were investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and exposed to UV ray with 370 nm wavelength. Biofilms of C. albicans were developed on flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates, and antifungal effects of TiO2 and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software.
Results: MIC50 of photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles was 1.9 µg/ml and its MIC90 was 2.74 µg/ml while MFC was determined to be 3.37 µg/ml. Biofilms inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles, and fluconazole for susceptible strains were 5.14, 4.54, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. These values for the fluconazole resistant strains were 5.35, 4.88, and 8 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: Photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles showed a suitable antifungal property against C. albicans biofilms compared with fluconazole. Thus it can be a new strategy in prevention of fungal biofilms, especially those formed on the surface of medical devices.
Zahra Bavand, Shirzad Gholami, Soheila Honari, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Negin Torabi, Hamed Borabadi,
Volume 16, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Giardiasis is the most common infectious diseases of medical parasitology and public health in our country and in many countries is important. Accourding the importance of treating the disease, particularly parasite resistance to drugs. Thus, the aim of present study was investigated the effect of gold nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia cyst stage of the in vitro.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Giardia cysts from contaminated fresh feces were collected and concentrated with use 0.85 M sucrose methods for isolation of cysts. Samples after counting with Noubar slide were stored at 4°C. The gold nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 mg/ml prepared and verified, the particle size was determined. The effect of different concentrations of the nanoparticles at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes was evaluated and compared to control groups (metronidazole). Data from the study were recorded and analyzed with T-test and Chi-square by used SPSS software.
Results: The results of the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles on the different concentration and time of Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro compared with the positive control (Metronidazole) shows mean percent of effect gold nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that the concentration of 0.3 mg/ml from 62% at 5 min to 96% at 180 min increased (p<0.05). Also, the survey results show Giardia cysts with increasing exposure time , killing effect of gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 78% in 0.05 mg/ml to 96% at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml greatest increased (p<0.05). As a result, the concentration of gold nanoparticles in comparison with Metronidazole has the most effect gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, almost the same effect of Metronidazole as the drug of choice in the treatment of Giardia lamblia.
Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study, gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml as an effective combination for killing Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro can be used. Thus, future studies on laboratory animals (In vivo) are recommended.
Maryam Keiry, Mahnaz Kesmati, Hossein Najaf Zadeh, Seyed Reza Fatemi,
Volume 17, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: With the increasing use of nanoparticles of zinc Oxide (nZnO) in the industry, the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, the effects of the nanoparticles on opioid dependence and its possible interaction with vitamin C (as an antioxidant agent) has not been indicated. This study aimed to clarify the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on morphine dependence in the presence and absence of vitamin C in CPP method.
Materials and Methods: In this study, adult male mice weighing 25±3 g were used in the groups which received different doses of morphine(2/5, 5, 10 mg/kg, Sc), Nano ZnO (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, IP), vitamin C (1, 5, 25 mg/kg, IP) and groups which receiving combination of vitamin C and nano ZnO. All categories received morphine 5 mg / kg, for induction and diagnosis of dependence in CPP.
Results: Nano ZnO concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, IP) caused a significant decrease in morphine CPP (p <0.01, p <0.001) and the 1 mg/kg of nano was ineffective. Vitamin C in doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg decreased the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (p<0.01) and a value of 1 mg/kg had no effects. All doses of ZnO in the presence of ineffective dose of vitamin C showed a stronger inhibitory effect than to alone nZnO in morphine CCP.
Conclusion: The combination of vitamin C and Nano ZnO are more effective to deal with the psychological dependence to morphin and probably can provide a new approach to addiction treatment.
Homa Mohseni Kouchesfehani, Mina Mirza Mohamadi, Davood Sohrabi,
Volume 17, Issue 12 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles due to their small size can overcome blood-testis barrier and affect spermatogenesis process. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles on histological changes of testis and spermatogenesis process in adult male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomely divided into five groups (n=6), including control, 2 sham groups, and 2experimental groups. Control group had no treatment. Two experimental groups received doses 5 & 10 mg/kg/BW nano molybdenum trioxide (20nm) respectively, and two sham groups received the same doses of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. After 28 days, rats testis was removed and fixed in Bouin’s fixative for histological examination. The 5&mum sections were stained with hematoxilin-eosin.
Results: In experimental group which received 5mg/kg/BW nanoparticle, there was some disorganization of spermatogenic cells in some seminiferous tubules. In experimental group which received 10mg/kg/BW nanoparticle, a significant decrease was also observed in the number of spermatogenic and sertoli cells in comparison with the control group.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study exposure to the high doses of (MoO3) nanoparticles can disrupt male reproductive system in a dose- dependent manner. Hence, the application of (MoO3) NPs should be carried out cautiously.
Nasrin Kzemipour, Seyed Mehdi Shariatzadeh, Saeed Nazifi,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Silver nanoparticles are capable of inducing toxicity in living organisms. Silver nanoparticles can induce some effect in the liver. Thus silver nanoparticles, due to their wide spread effects, can also affect on hepatic, hematological, and oxidative stress factors. Ginger because of its powerful antioxidantal compounds can influence the toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles in different parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalchoholic extract of ginger on cytotoxic silver nanoparticles on enzymes, hematological parameters, blood oxidative stress markers, and hepatic apoptosis in Balb-c mice.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 rats of Balb-c race Syrians were selected and devided into 4 groups, each consisting of 12. They were treated for a period of 35 days; the first group (control) received distilled water, the second group received nano silver, the third group received ginger extract, and the fourth group received both nanosilver and ginger extract at the same time. Bleeding was done to measure hematological factors, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress; then liver tissue was removed for evaluation of apoptosis. Data were compared using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA.
Results: Enzymes AST , ALT , ALP, GGT and LDH as liver factors showed significant differences in the groups of the study. Hematological factors including of WBC , RBC , Hb , HCT , MCV, MCH , Plt , Lymphocyte and Monocyte showed significant differences in all the groups.
Of oxidative stress factors , only GPX showed significant difference between groups, while no significant difference was observed in other oxidative stress parameters in the blood. Changes in apoptosis showed significant differences in all groups of the study.
Conclusion: Based on the findings the study ,silver nanoparticles with their side effects in different parts of the body can induce changes in various factors and enzymes. Ginger can compensate ,and modify to some extent these side effects. Such effectiveness of ginger can probably be due to its special ingredients.
Parvin Sheydaei, Abolfazl Bayrami, Yashar Azizian, Shadi Parvinroo,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles are used in various applications due to unique mechanical and physicochemical properties such as their increased surface area to volume ratio and quantum effects. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanopaticles on hematological and biochemical parameters BALB/c mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 adult male mice BALB/c, were divided into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups). The mice in the experimental groups orally received Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with doses of 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 14 days. The control group received distillated water only. On 15th day, some hematological and biochemical parameters were studied on the blood samples collected.
Results: Results showed that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles cause changes in blood cells. In high concentration, nanoparticles increased some of factors such as white blood cells, hemoglubin, MCV and neutrophil and besides decreased amount of RBCs, pLTs, hematocrit, lymphocytes, glucose and kratenin significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles cause harmful effects due to the considerable variations in hematological and serum parameters in mice in a dose-dependent way.
Sanaz Alizadeh, Naser Aghdami, Bagher Seyed Alipour,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) induced angiogenesis, has been adapted to respond the most important challenging in wound healing. But due to the toxicity of nanoparticles, the nontoxic concentrations is important. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and size of copper nanoparticles for investigating the effect of its cytotoxicity on the endothelial cell.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we exposed Cu NPs (40nm) with concentrations of 1, 10, 100 μM and 1 ,10 mM to endothelial cells and evaluate its viability effect after 24, 48 and 72 hours, according to the MTS) Methy Thiazol Tetrazolium (assay. Its optical density was determined using an ELISA reader and then was recorded.
Results: The findings demonstrated that Cu NPs was significantly (p<0.05) cytotoxic in concentration higher than 100 μM and cell viability was significantly increased following 48 and 72 hours in all concentrations, so that, the most difference was seen in 100 µM concentration. The IC50 values of Cu NPs at incubation time 24, 48 and 72 hours were 31.44, 36.67 and 29.38 μM.
Conclusion: The results showed that different concentration of Cu NPs in the 48 and 72 hours didn’t cause any cytotoxicity effect, but it stimulated endothelial cell proliferation. Therefore, Cu NPs with dose and time dependent effect has been increased endothelial cell proliferation.
Aref Mohammadipour, Najmeh Ranji, Leila Asadpour,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that using several classes of antibiotics to treat has been led to the emergence of multiple drug resistance. One of the drug resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is overexpression of mexXY-oprM efflux pump system. Silybin as main flavonolignan of silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum is a hepatoprotective agent that its anti-bacterial properties was studied, recently. In this study, the effect of combination of silybin and ciprofloxacin on oprM gene expression in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In this study, seven ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) only (control sample) and in the combination with silybin-encapsulated micelle (nanoparticles) (test sample). After 24h, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed in silybin treated and un-treated cells and oprM gene expression was quantitatively investigated by realtime PCR method.
Results: Results of this study showed that a silybin encapsulated in nanoparticles (400µg/ml) induces death up to 50% in resistant isolates treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) during 24h. Also, quantitative Real-Time PCR analysis revealed that silybin encapsulated in nanoparticles decreases the expression of oprM gene compared to silybin untreated cells.
Conclusion: It seems that Decrease of oprM expression in resistant isolates lead to decrease of mexAB-oprM and mexXY-oprM in cell surface, subsequently decrease of antibiotic withdrawal to extracellular environment and increase of sensitivity to antibiotics.
Ahmad Khaje Gandomani, Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi, Mohamad Saeed Heidarnejad, Mohsen Jafarian Dehkordi,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thiamine on the blood biochemical markers and kidney histopathological changes after experimental diabetes in mice was investigated.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 56 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7 each. Two groups of animals as controls (A) and thiamine (G) were considered. Other groups were diabetic by alloxan at a dose of 180 mg/kg. Group B mice were considered as diabetic group. To diabetic mice into Group C and D , ZnO NPs in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected. Groups E and F; to these groups of diabetic mice, ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg along with thiamin (30 mg/l) was injected. ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 was injected to group H mice. Changes in renal tissue along with some biochemical parameters were measured.
Results: The results showed that diabetes induced changes in some of the serum biochemical factors (GGT, BUN and creatinine) in rats (p<0.05). However, the administration of nanoparticles and thiamine reduced these negative effects. Exposure to diabetes causes changes in the kidney tissue of the mouse, in the disturbance of scaffolds for tissue integrity clutter, fragmentation of some convoluted tubules and congestion within the connective tissue.
Conclusion: Treatment of the diabetes mice by ZnO NPs and thiamine improves renal histopathologic structure and blood biochemistry levels.
Mahdi Jafarzadeh, Mojtaba Salouti, Rasoul Shokri,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (9-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Candida glabrata is the fourth most common cause of blood infection in America and, due to its resistance to amphotericin B, we have to look for new therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles, copper and combine them together with amphotericin B in order to produce an effective drug.
Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for nano silver copper and combining them together and amphotericin B was conducted by macro dilution. By intraperitoneal injection, anti-fungal effect of nano silver, copper and combining them together and amphotericin B was evaluated in a mouse model.
Results: The amounts of MIC and MFC for silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and their combination were 31 and 62.50 ppm, 31 and 62.50 ppm ,and 31and 15.50 ppm, respectively. The amounts of MIC and MFC for the combination of silver nanoparticles and amphotericin B were 8 and 15.5 ppm, also, 15.5 and 31 ppm for the combination of copper nanoparticles and amphotericin B. Mouse model study confirmed the effect of silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and combining them together and amphotericin B against Candida glabrata. The combination of silver and copper nanoparticles had maximum effect and the combination of silver and copper nanoparticles with amphotericin B had minimum effect in animal model.
Conclusion: The combination of silver and copper nanoparticles has a better effect than other groups.
Sara Ghandehari, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Pouran Ardalan,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis occurs in physiologic (wound healing) and pathological conditions and plays an important role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Therefore, the inhibition of angiogenesis can be an important approach to treat cancer diseases. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles has been developed to control cancer cells and prevent tumor growth. Various studies have shown the role of nanoparticles in reducing angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cells. So, in this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of silver nanoparticle synthesis by Rubina tinctorum L (Ru-AgNPs) on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 60 eggs were randomly divided into 6 groups including control, laboratory control and 4 treatment groups (10 eggs/group). On the second day of incubation, a window was created on the eggs. On the 8th day, the chorioallantoic membrane of samples was treated with different concentrations of nanoparticles and on the 12th day, the image was taken from all samples. Finally, the number and length of vessels on the chorioallantoic membrane and following that weight and length of the embryo from crown to squattiest were measured. Quantitative data were analyzed using LSD-test.
Results: The results showed that the Ru-AgNPs significantly reduced the length and number of blood vessels in the treated groups compared to the control group. Also, the comparison of length and weight of embryos in treated samples with control group showed that the Ru-AgNPs had an inhibitory effect on the length of the embryos, but the weight did not differ significantly in the treatment with the control group.
Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effect of the Ru-AgNPs on the angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane, with further studies, this compound can be used to control and inhibit pathological angiogenesis in many diseases such as cancers.
Bozorgmehr Imani Pirsaraei, Najmeh Ranji, Leila Asadpour,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium that is a major cause of nosocomial infections such as severe burns. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of curcumin in ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through mexC and mexD gene expression.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were obtained from hospitals and laboratories in Guilan province. After disc difusion and MIC tests, four ciprofloxacin resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) only (control sample) and in the combination with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles (test sample). After 24h, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed. Then, the expression of mexC and mexD genes was evaluated quantitatively by Real-time PCR method in curcumin treated and un-treated cells
Results: This study showed that combination of ciprofloxacin (1/2 MIC) with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles led to approximately 50% of growth inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In treated cells with curcumin and ciprofloxacin compared to treated cells with ciprofloxacin alone, mexC and mexD genes were significantly (p<0.05) downregulated >0.65 fold in three isolates and >0.1 fold in four isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles combined with 1/2 MIC value of ciprofloxacin inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through reducing mexC and mexD expression.
Mina Ghasemi, Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar, Mojtaba Falahati,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Prolonged ischemia in organs with high metabolic rates such as brain and heart is associated with deleterious effects. Therefore, nutritive distribution through angiogenesis after ischemia is necessary for repairing damaged region of tissue. In this study, the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field on angiogenesis after ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rat model have been investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, fifty male rats aged between 6 -7 weeks at the 220-250gr weight were purchased from Tehran University. Animals were categorized in 5 groups including sham (ischemia reperfusion model), control, iron oxide nanoparticles-treated, magnetic field-exposed, and combination therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field-exposed groups. Angiogenesis was evaluated in hippocampus of 5 groups after 4 days by H&E staining method. The expression of Vegfa gene was studied in 5 groups by Q-RT- PCR.
Findings: Iron oxide nanoparticles as well as the magnetic field induced angiogenesis during 4 days in animals after IR (p<0.05), but their combination therapy did not show any significant difference compared to sham group during 4 days. Upregulation of Vegfa gene was observed in iron oxide nanoparticles treated group and the magnetic field exposed group significantly (p<0.05) relative to ischemia reperfusion (IR) model. But overexpression of Vegfa gene in combination therapy group was not significant relative to ischemia reperfusion (IR) group.
Conclusion: It seems that iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field can separately be two effective methods for angiogenesis after ischemia reperfusion (IR).
Shahla Shahsavandi, Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi, Mohammad Reza Samiee,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The inactivated vaccines are formulated with adjuvant to direct the host immune responses and also increase stability of the antigen. In recent years, the development of biological adjuvants and the evaluation of their ability in elicitation of immune responses against influenza virus have been considered. Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) activates T and B cells for differentiation into plasma cells, and antibody production. In this study, the effect of HK-1 for inducing humoral immune response against influenza chitosan based-nano vaccine was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Chitosan nanoparticle containing inactivated influenza antigen and chitosan nanoparticle containing the inactivated antigen formulated with HK-1 were prepared. Immune response following influenza nanoparticles vaccinations with and without the adjuvant was assessed in SPF chickens after prime and boost immunizations. Specific antibody levels against influenza were evaluated in serum samples of treatment and control groups by serological tests.
Findings: The chickens immunized with the HK-1 adjuvanted nano vaccine produced higher specific antibody titers that were sustained until the end of experiment comparable either with inactivated antigen alone or the H9N2 nanoparticles without HK-1 adjuvant. Administration of boosting had no effect on the enhancing of antibody titer.
Conclusion: The data show that the chitosan nanoparticles provide better absorption conditions and more stability and release of the influenza antigen in the presence of HK-1 biological adjuvant.
Seyyedeh Mahbouube Mousavi, Nooshin Naghsh,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the new technologies in this century is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a vast and promising research platform that has opened up a wide range of opportunities in various fields including pharmacy, medicine, electronics and agriculture. One of the applied nanoparticles in the field of nanobiotechnology is silver nanoparticles. One of the most important features of these nanoparticles is the creation of programmed cell death (Apoptosis). This property has created its antiseptic properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes. Nanoparticles have better performance against microorganisms due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and higher contact surface. Meanwhile, silver nanoparticles have shown unparalleled antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms and have recently attracted the attention of many researchers.
Methods & Materials: In this study, a review of all databases, including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar Learners, Noor, related articles were examined.
Ethical Considerations Ethical principles have been observed in writing the article.
Results: The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles depends on the concentration, shape and diameter of the nanoparticles as well as the time of effect and the type of microorganism. The molecular mechanism of these nanoparticles has been through oxidative stress. The mechanism of inhibitory action of silver ions on microorganisms is the loss of DNA replication ability, inactivation of the expression of ribosomal subunit proteins and other bacterial cell proteins and enzymes necessary for ATP production. The effect of silver ions is primarily on the function of membrane-bound enzymes such as key enzymes in the respiratory chain. Thus, similar cellular mechanisms can cause cell death effects in prokaryotes, fungi, and eukaryotes.
Conclusion: The results showed that variables such as type of microorganism, contact time, concentration, shape and diameter of silver nanoparticles had a significant effect on inhibiting microbial growth.
