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Survey of DAOA Gene Polymorphism in Schizophrenic Patients in Iran
Shadi Haghighat, Rasoul Zahmatkesh Roodsari, Reza Ranjbar,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a common mentaly disorder with high heritability and variable phenotype that they are placed in bipolar nervous disease family. Different genes are associated with this disease that among of them, DAOA gene plays a significant role. DAOA gene is located in the long arm of chromosome 13 and produces a protein called D-amino acid oxidase which is N - metyle D– aspartate (NMDA) receptor activator in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DAOA gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 normal people as a control group were investigated. After genomic DNA extraction from blood samples, allele and genotype frequencies in patients and control group were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Data analysis was performed with Med Calc (ver 12) software.

Results: Frequency of GG, GA, AA genotypes in patients group was 18%, 42%, 40% and in normal group was 14%, 45%, and 41%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between DAOA gene polymorphism with schizophrenia disease in the people under the age of 40.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the DAOA gene has significant association with schizophrenia in the Iranian population.


The Role of NMDA Receptors of the Paragigantocellularis Lateralis Nucleus in the Antinociceptive Effect of 17β-estradiol in Ovariectomized Female Rats
Roghaieh Khakpay, Hanieh Feyzi, Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: 17β-Estradiol modulates nociception by binding to the estrogen receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like the NMDA receptors. The paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus (LPGi) is also involved in the pain modulation. In this study, the role of NMDA receptors of the LPGi nucleus has been investigated in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation in the ovariectomized rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the female Wistar rats in the range of 200-270 gr were used. In order to study the role of the NMDA receptors in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation in the ovariectomized rats, primarily, rats were bilaterally ovariectomized and immediately cannulation of the LPGi nucleus was performed. Then, drugs were injected and 15 minutes later 50 μl of 5% formalin was injected into the rat's hind paw; and formalin-induced paw jerking behaviour was recorded for 60 min.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the intra-LPGi injection of 17β-estradiol significantly reduced the paw jerking behavior both in the first and in the second phases of formalin test. Pretreatment of the LPGi nucleus by NMDA receptor antagonist (AP5) neutralized the antinociceptive effect of 17β-estradiol on the paw jerking frequency in the both phases of formalin test; and induced hyperalgesia in the both phases of this behavior.
Conclusion: These results indicated that the intra-LPGi injection of 17β-estradiol produces modest analgesia on the formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Therefore, it can be concluded that the NMDA receptors of the paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus are probably involved in the antinociceptive effect of 17β-estradiol in the ovariectomized rats.
 

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