Showing 15 results for Mice
Javad Baharara, Kazem Parivar, Alireza Ashraf, Roya Rostami,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Background: Noticing the daily advancement of the role of electromagnetic field generators in human life, examination of the biologic impacts of these waves has come to be extensively appreciated by researchers. During pregnancy, vitamin A is extremely essential for the development of fetus and its lack, insufficiency or excess can result in embryonic malformations. This study investigated the synergetic effects of vitamin A and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the development of embryo skin in Balb/C mice. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental in nature. Eighteen pregnant mice were divided into control, sham-exposed and experimental groups. The mice in the experimental group were given an intra-peritoneal injection of 15000 IU/kg vitamin A on the 10.5th day of gestation and were, then, exposed to a 50Hz electromagnetic field 4 hours a day from 10 through 12th day of gestation. The animals were dissected and investigated morphologically and histologically on 17.5th day of gestation. Results: The results showed an increase in the mean weight of fetuses in the experimental group in comparison to the sham- exposed group (p<0.05). Also, Crown-Rump of fetuses in the experimental group increased in comparison to those in the sham- exposed group (p<0.001). Epidermis thickness increased significantly in experimental group in comparison to sham- exposed (p<0.05), while the average number of basal, spinous cells and hair follicles decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the sham- exposed (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that vitamin A usage and synergetic exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (50Hz) profoundly affect the development and growth of skin epidermis in the fetus of Balb/C mouse.
Mina Ramezani, Ahmad Hosseini, Bahram Kazemi, Arghavan Janan,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: One way of embryo preservation is cryopreservation, but this process may damage and lead to the loss of the embryos, and bring about chromosomal abnormality. This has led researchers to seek techniques for short term preservation of embryos in 0-10 ºC temperatures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short time exposure to 4°C temperature on the expression profiles of mono-carboxylic transporter genes 1,2 ,3, and 4(MCT1-4) in 4-cell mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: In this fundamental study, forty 4-cell mouse embryos from NMRI strain were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of fresh 4-cell embryos, and the second group included 4-cell mouse embryos that were exposed to 4°C temperature for 24 hours. After RT-PCR, the samples were electro-phoresised for expressing the MTC1-4 genes. Results: The expression of MCT 1-3 was observed in the first group, but the obtained results did not indicate their expression in the second group. Conclusion: Preservation of 4-cell embryos in 4°C for 24 hours inhibits the expression of MCT 1-3 genes. Keeping embryos in 4°C temperature is not a proper way for their short time preservation.
Sima Nasri, Fatemeh Shahi Sadrabadi, Mohmmad Kamalinejhad, Taherh Rabbani,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background: There is some evidence of antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Apium graveolens fruits in some recent studies. In present study, the possible mechanism of this effect of extract has been evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male mice were examined. To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of extract, formalin test was used. The possible mechanism of extract was investigated with interaction of 3 drugs [Naloxone (2mg/kg), Dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg), L-NAME (20 mg/kg)] and Hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits.(400 mg/kg) Results: Administration of Naloxone had no effect on antinociception of Hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits. There was no significant difference between Dextromethorphan Plus extract and extract group in first phase. Pretreatment with L-NAME, decreased antinociceptive effect of extract in second phase of formalin test(p<0.05) Conclusion: Dextromethorphan has analgesic effect in acute phase and its interaction with hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits shows at least, part of antinoceceptive effect of extract is via NMDA receptors in acute phase. On the other hand, it seems part of antinoceceptive effect of extract is via inhibition of NO syntheses in chronic phase. Extract of Apium graveolens may be effect via other neural pathways such as dopamine, noradrenalin or serotonin that need more research.
Mohammad Fallah, Amirhosin Maghsood, Amir Afrah,
Volume 15, Issue 10 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background: There are few investigations about the possibility of cyst production in human via accidental entrance of protoscoleces in ways other than cyst rupture in intestines. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of cyst production by cutaneous erosion, peritoneal injection, and oral inoculation in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, infected livers featuring hydatid cysts were collected from abattoir. Protoscoleces were examined for viability and lack of bacterial infection and washed 3 times by PBS. Protoscoleces were flown on the scratched skin, injected peritoneally, and inoculated orally to three groups (n=15) of mice. After 4 months, the mice were dissected and their skin and visceral were subjected to microscopic analysis. ELISA test for hydatidosis was also run for all of the groups. Results: All the mice were negative by ELISA test except the mice of peritoneum injection group which were positive with an average titer of 11.92±0.80 by ELISA. Only two mice had cysts on the peritoneum in the peritoneal injection (PI) group with an average size of 3mm. Cysts, however, were not observed in the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that protoscoleces flow over scratched skin and oral inoculation do not produce hydatid cyst however, peritoneal implant of protoscolex can result in hydatidosis in mice.
Saeid Abbasi Maleki, Reza Bekhradi, Jinous Asgharpanah, Farid Abbasi Maleki, Niloufar Maleki Ahanghari,
Volume 16, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background: Lavandula officinalis has anti-anxiety and sedative properties. In the present study, the antidepressant effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Lavandula officinalis in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in male mice was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 male mice were randomly divided into 9 groups of 8: Negative and positive control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg), fluoxetine (20mg/kg) and imipramine (30mg/kg) respectively and treatment groups received extracts of Lavandula officinalis (100,200 and 400 mg/kg). Immobility, swimming and climbing behaviors were recorded during 6-min.
Results: Lavandula officinalis extracts (except the aqueous extract at a dose of 100 in FST) compared to control group significantly and dose dependently reduced the duration of immobility time a both of tests (p<0.001).Also, these extracts (except the aqueous extract at a dose of 100 in FST) significantly and dose dependably increased swimming time (p<0.001) without significant change of climbing time.
Conclusion: Lavandula officinalis has considerable antidepressant-like effect and their effect similar to fluoxetine.
Bagher Seyed Alipour, Najmeh Barimani, Abbasali Dehpour Jooybari, Seyed Mohammad Hoseini,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Nanomaterials have gained increasing attention because of their novel properties, including a large specific surface area and high reaction activity. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of CuO nanopaticles on brain, spleen, and embryo NMRI pregnant mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty two female NMRI mice of (weighting 30±3.0 g) were randomly divided into six groups (four experimental groups, one sham group and one control group).The experimental mice on days 3 and 12 of pregnancy received CuO nanoparticle with concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. On day 17 pregnancy, brain, spleen and fetus weights were measured.Tissues for histopathological evaluation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: Based on the macroscopic observations of embryos weight with increasing concentration of nanoparticle compared to control reduces its toxicity increased (p&le0.05). Spleen only at concentration of 600 mg/kg showed significant changes compared to control (p&le0.05). Histopathologic examination on brain and spleen following IP administration of CuO nanoparticle showed signs of cytotoxicity (congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolar degeneration) and (congestion, necrosis, increased hemosiderin) compared to control group, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study clearly showed that CuO-NPs can produce the histopathological abnormalities on brain and spleen tissues of NMRI mice in a dose-dependent manner.
Seyed Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh, Afsaneh Hajian Karahrodi,
Volume 17, Issue 12 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic properties and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on sperm parameters against toxicity induced with BPA.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male mice with mean body weight 32±3 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6) Control, BPA (200mg/kg/day), NSO (5ml/kg/day), and BPA+NSO. Oral treatment was performed till 34 days. After end of treatment, body and left testis weight were recorded and left caudal epididymis was also cut. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters such as motility, viability and abnormalities. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA.
Results: Body and testis weight showed no significant change in four groups (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the motility, viability and normal morphology of sperm (p<0.001) was found in BPA-treated mice compared to the control group. In BPA+ NSO group, NSO could significantly increas the mentioned parameters compared to the BPA group (p<0.05). BPA had no effect on the uncleus diameter of the spetmatogonia and sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement.
Conclusion: The results indicated that NSO could partially ameliorate Bisphenol A-induced toxicity on sperm parameters.
Zahra Hadi Chegeni, Shahrbanoo Oryan, Abbas Zare Mirak Abadi, Azam Bakhtiarian, Somayyeh Akbari, Giti Ghamami, Khadijeh Nazari,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background: There have been numerous reports of snake venoms being employed as analgesics in attempts to relieve severe pain associated with cancer, immune dysfunction and viral infections. This study investigates the antinociceptive effects of iranian cobra snake venom (Naja naja oxiana) in comparison with morphine and lidocain on laboratorial femal mice.
Materials and Methods: This study has been done on 48 NMRI female mice of 18-20 g in weight. Antinociceptive activeity of snake venom was evaluated by formalin test. In this test, the animals were divided into 6 groups (each group consisting of 8 mice): Sham, positive Control (receiving morphine at dose of 5 mg/kg, and receiving lidocain at dose of 20 mg/kg), and experimental groups receiving venom at doses of 1, 3 and 4.5 µg/mice. In all groups, the formalin test was recorded for 60 min after administration of venom and drugs in mice. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: The results showed that the venom of Naja naja oxiana decreased nociception meaningfully in both acute and chronic phases. We also showed that this venom revealed even a better analgesic activity in comparison with morphine and lidocain.
Conclusion: This study showed that the antinociceptive effect of the venom was mediated through central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms. Although details of the mechanism remain unclear, and further studies should be considered to demonstrate its therapeutic effects.
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, Asghar Kianmehr,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the population worldwide. As for key role of free radicals in the development of this disease and that Quince leaf is a natural source of antioxidant substances, this study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Quince leaf extract on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors by an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine in male mice in a ketamine model of schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods: In the experimental research, male adult mice were divided into six groups including: control, Sham (received water orally and saline intraperitoneally), psychosis group (received 10 mg/kg/day ketamine i.p. for 10 days) and treated psychosis groups (received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day). Treated groups received hydroalcoholic Quince leaf extract orally for 3 weeks before injection of ketamine. Extract gavages continue for 5 days after the last ketamine injection. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavioral changes were measured in the open-field test.
Results: The results showed that chronic administration of ketamine increases horizontal locomotor activity and anxiety like behaviors (p≤0.001) and pretreatment of Quince leaf extract effectively decreases horizontal locomotor activity (p<0.001) and increases duration that spends in middle area of Open field (p<0.01) and vertical ocomotor activity(p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that chronic administration of Quince leaf extract improves locomotor disorder and induced anxiety-like behaviors by having antioxidant properties in a ketamine model of schizophrenia.
Ali Louei Monfared, Sahar Hamoon Navard,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The lymphatic system as a key component in the organism's body can be affected by used drugs. Methylphenidate or Ritalin is widely used for treatment of behavioral disorders in children and some depressed people. This study carried out to examine the immunotoxic effects of Ritalin.
Materials and Methods: A total of 16 healthy adult female mice were selected and randomly divided into a control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups received Ritalin as 0.5,5 and 50 mg/kg body weight and control groups received distillated water by gavage method for 21 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, the structure and function of the lymphoid organs were evaluated. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s test (p<0.05).
Results: Significant alterations including a reduction in the size and number of lymphoid follicles, increasing in the megakaryocytes numbers as well as spleen capsular thickens were seen following Ritalin administration. The atrophy of the lymph nodes together with significant reduction in the number and size of lymph follicles but an increasing in the parenchyma hyperemia were seen. Also lymphocyte numbers increased while the monocytes numbers decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The consumption of Ritalin could be exerted detrimental effects on the lymphoid organs in the mouse model.
Parvin Sheydaei, Abolfazl Bayrami, Yashar Azizian, Shadi Parvinroo,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles are used in various applications due to unique mechanical and physicochemical properties such as their increased surface area to volume ratio and quantum effects. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanopaticles on hematological and biochemical parameters BALB/c mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 adult male mice BALB/c, were divided into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups). The mice in the experimental groups orally received Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with doses of 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 14 days. The control group received distillated water only. On 15th day, some hematological and biochemical parameters were studied on the blood samples collected.
Results: Results showed that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles cause changes in blood cells. In high concentration, nanoparticles increased some of factors such as white blood cells, hemoglubin, MCV and neutrophil and besides decreased amount of RBCs, pLTs, hematocrit, lymphocytes, glucose and kratenin significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles cause harmful effects due to the considerable variations in hematological and serum parameters in mice in a dose-dependent way.
Yousef Panahi, Ehsan Sabori, Ali Rasouli, Goodarz Sadeghi Hashjin, Shiva Roshan Milani, Leila Derafshpour,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of morphine and naloxone on epileptic activity in live brain slices taken from morphine-dependent and control infant mice.
Materials and Methods: Forty neonatal mice were randomly selected. To establish dependency, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg / kg morphine was injected subcutaneously once daily (0.1 cc) for 5 consecutive days from day 14-18 after birth. On postnatal days 19-20, brain slices were prepared and cerebrospinal fluid was perfused with low magnesium to induce experimental- epiletform activity. The effects of 10, 100 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone were investigated on epileptic activity. Chenges in the number as well as onset and amplitude of activities were considered as an indicator to determine the quantity of their effect.
Results: The results showed that morphine 100 µM increased the activity while 10 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone attenuated epileptic activity in both groups. Naloxone reduced pro-seizure effect of morphine, but anti-seizure effect of morphine couldn't restored by naloxone.
Conclusion: Morphine has a two-phase concentration-dependent effect on epileptic activity in the infant mice; so that low and high concentrations of morphine inhibit epileptic activity, but its moderate concentration potentiates the epileptic activity. Naloxone has an anti-seizure effect.
Rahmatollah Parandin, Namdar Yousofvand,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that developmental exposure to phytoestrogens causes adverse effects on the reproductive functions. Fennel as a phytoestrogen plant has a rich history in household use and traditional medicine.So, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of in utero and neonatal exposure with fennel on the puberty onset, estrus cycle, reproductive organs and sexual behavior of their offspring.
Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 (mg/kg bw) aqueous fennel seed extract (AFSE), daily from day 7 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 7.
Results: Vaginal opening (sign of puberty onset) was advanced in 200 (p<0.01) and 400 AFSE (p<0.001) treated females. A 30 days vaginal smear check indicated that 200 or 400 AFSE treated mice showed a prolonged estrus with decreased proestrus, estrus and metestrus stages and increased and diestrus stage and index. The ovary weight, number of corpora lutea and LH concentration decreased and uterus weight and estradiol concentration increased in the 200 or 400 treated mice in PND 70. 400 AFSE (p<0.01) treated females showed lordosis with a low lordosis quotient (LQ) when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: These results suggest that developmental exposure to AFSE, due to its estrogenic compounds, it may cause the precocious puberty, disrupted estrus cycle, altered weight of reproductive organs, hormonal imbalance and low lordosis behavior.
Bozorgmehr Imani Pirsaraei, Najmeh Ranji, Leila Asadpour,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium that is a major cause of nosocomial infections such as severe burns. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of curcumin in ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through mexC and mexD gene expression.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were obtained from hospitals and laboratories in Guilan province. After disc difusion and MIC tests, four ciprofloxacin resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) only (control sample) and in the combination with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles (test sample). After 24h, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed. Then, the expression of mexC and mexD genes was evaluated quantitatively by Real-time PCR method in curcumin treated and un-treated cells
Results: This study showed that combination of ciprofloxacin (1/2 MIC) with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles led to approximately 50% of growth inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In treated cells with curcumin and ciprofloxacin compared to treated cells with ciprofloxacin alone, mexC and mexD genes were significantly (p<0.05) downregulated >0.65 fold in three isolates and >0.1 fold in four isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles combined with 1/2 MIC value of ciprofloxacin inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through reducing mexC and mexD expression.
Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi, Behrang Alani, Mahdi Noureddini,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Recent findings in cell therapy have presented new perspectives and opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. The experimental research with intranasal (IN) administration of Stem Cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse model can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. Adult Human endometrial derived stem cells (HEDSCs), a readily obtainable type of mesenchymal stem-like cell were used to generate dopaminergic cells and for cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of IN-delivered HEDSCs in mice model of Parkinson.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 35 male mouse weighting 25-30 g were divided into 5 groups. On day 120 post cell administration, the rotational behavior was measured. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect HEDSCs in mice brain.
Findings: IN application of HEDSCs resulted in the appearance of cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and decrease in the rotational behavior of case group.
Conclusion: HEDSCs are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that improve Parkinson’s disease.
