Background: Post-anesthetic shivering is the most common cause of patient discomfort during recovery with a prevalence of 5 to 65%. Post-anesthetic shivering can increase pain, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of various classes of drugs for preventing post-anesthetic shivering.

Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, patients undergoing elective laparotomy were randomly divided into six groups, 40 each. The patients, respectively, received hydrocortisone, ketamine, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, pethidine, and normal saline. All patients were observed for body temperature and shivering for 20 minutes after arrival to recovery room.

Results: Seventy patients in the pethidine group did not have shivering upon arrival to recovery room which was significantly higher than other groups (&chi2=0.00002). Also, the patients in the pethidine group did not shiver 10 and 20 minutes after arrival to recovery room that was significantly lower than other groups.

Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that pethidine is more effective than other drugs in prevention of post-anesthetic shivering.

  Background: Failure to pass the blood-brain barrier is a serious challenge to the use of magnesium in the treatment of neurologic disorders. But , recently, applying magnesium oxide nanoparticles that is capable of crossing biological barriers has created new hopes. According to the reinforcing effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on memory and ambiguity in the best time of application and duration of its effects, the aim of the present study was to compare effects of pre-and post-training administration of different doses of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on long-term memory.

  Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, fifty- six adult male NMRI mice in the control group and receiving magnesium oxide nanoparticles group at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg (I.P) before and after training were used. Long-term memory of mice in a week on days 1,3and7 days after training (shock) by using step-down device and passive avoidance learning method was assessed. Time latency in coming down the secure platform was considered as the memory assessment scale.

  Results: The results showed that injection of nano-magnesium oxide in both the 2.5 and 5 mg/kg improved memory through increasing the latency in coming down the secure platform during a week (p< 0.001), without any changes in locomotor activity, whereas, it had no effect at 1 mg dose. Pre-training injection of magnesium oxide nanoparticles increased memory relatively, it wasn't statistically significant compared to the control group.

  Conclusion: According to the above results, magnesium oxide nanoprticles improves long term memory, and it is possible when the training and the acquisition has occurred, otherwise it will not make a significant impact .

Background: MgSo4 (magnesium sulfate) is the first therapeutic line for preeclampsia. Recently, there have been many debates on pain relief property on MgSo4. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of MgSo4 on pain relief after cesarean in preeclampsia parturient

Materials and Methods: In this analytic and cross-sectional clinical trial study, 88 pregnant wowen with mild preeclampsia who received MgSo4 (14g loading dose and 5 g/4h maintenance dose) (n=88, P group), were compared with 88 normal pregnant women(n=88, N group), according to the duration of paim relief and the amount of diclofenac suppository consumption after cesarean section from March 2013 to October 2014. After cesarean section, the assessment of pain relief performed with NRS (numerical rating scale), and diclofenac consumption.

Results: P group had a longer analgesic duration than N group. NRS in P group was significantly longer than N group(6.89 ±3.34 vs. 3.55± 2.13 hr, p=0.0001). The dose of diclofenac suppository in P group was significantly lower than N group (225mg±147 vs. 365.9±92mg, p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Post cesarean pain in preeclamptic group was significantly lower than non-preeclamptic group. This finding is probabley because of MgSo4 administration in preeclamptic group.