Showing 12 results for Inflammation
Alireza Bahrami, Abbas Saremi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background: Old, obese, and sedentary individuals are at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Exercise improves metabolic anomalies associated with such diseases, but the effects of caloric restriction in coupled with exercise on such high- risk groups are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week lifestyle modification program on C- reactive protein and metabolic syndrome parameters in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study with pretest – posttest design, 21 sedentary men were randomly assigned to 12- week caloric restriction (CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.59± 4.90, BMI: 30.02± 1.73, CR, n=10) or exercise+caloric restriction group (EX+CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.23± 5.6, BMI: 29.84± 1.60, EX+CR, n=11). Body composition, cardiovascular risk markers, and C- reactive protein were measured pre and post intervention.
Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, significant reduction in body weight, abdominal fat (visceral, subcutaneous), insulin resistance, blood lipid profile, and C- reactive protein were observed in EX+CR group (P>0.05), Whereas, in CR group only significant improvement were observed in body weight and insulin resistance index (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions incorporating diet to exercise improve insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and other cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, Parvin Dehghan, Elham Mirtaheri, Zeynab Faghfouri, Pouran Karimi,
Volume 16, Issue 8 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background: Considering the high prevalence of diabetes and developing cardiovascular diseases via dyslipidemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Oligofructose-enriched inulin on serum lipid concentrations and inflammation in type2 diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 52 patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned to one of two groups. Experimental group (n=27) received 10g/d oligofructose-enriched inulin and control group (n=25) received 10 g/d maltodextrin for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements, hs-CRP and serum lipids concentrations were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (verision11.5). Paired, independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to compare comparison of quantitative variables.
Results: At the end of study, we observed significant decrease in total cholesterol (28.00 mg/dL, 14.10%), LDL-c (22.00 mg/dL, 21.7%), TC/HDL-c ratio (-0.73, 20.7%) and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (-0.55, 27.5%) in oligofructose-enriched inulin compared with the maltodextrin group (p<0.05). Changes in concentrations of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein were not significant in oligofructose-enriched inulin compared to maltodextrin group.
Conclusion: Oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation with improving in inflammtion and lipid profile help in management of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Hassan Faghani, Akram Ansar,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units. Genetic, environmental factors and nutrition influence on this disease. Recent studies indicate an essential role of nutrition in the development of acne, particularly with the effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Many studies have reported lower incidence of acne in individuals who receive diets containing large amounts of omega-3. The aim of this study was to determine the probable therapeutic effects of omega-3 for the treatment of acne.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 patients with moderate to severe facial acne were randomly divided into two treatment groups: 1) 100 mg doxycycline daily and one placebo capsule Omega -3 2) doxycycline 100 mg daily and one capsule 1000 mg Omega -3. Acne severity was determined based on GAGS system at the beginning of treatment and at the end of the sixth and twelfth weeks of treatment, with photographs obtained from each patient.
Results: There was a significant reduction in acne severity score (GAGS) at the end of sixth and twelfth weeks in the Omega-3 group in comparison to control group that received placebo.
Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids can improve moderate to severe inflammatory acne, probably due to their anti-inflammatory properties.
Zahra Alizadeh, Masoud Fereidoni, Morteza Behnam Rassouli,
Volume 17, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Since the anti-inflammatory effects of usual doses of morphine (10mg/kg) is proved, and also, regarding to the role of C-fibers in the release of substance P and CGRP and progression of inflammation were found, and the other hand, the excitatory effects of very low doses of morphine (1µg/kg) on C-fibers have also been reported, present study has examined the role of C-fibers, usual and very low doses of morphine in presence or reduced C-fibers on paw edema induced by sub plantar injection of formalin.
Materials & Methods: In this study, male Wistar rats (180-200g) were Categorized into two groups. One as vehicle (which received neonatal capsaicin vehicle, C-normal) and experimental (which received neonatal capsaicin, C-lesion). Each category contains three groups which were treated by saline, 10 mg/kg and 1µg/kg of morphine (i.p). In each group, paw edema volume induced by injection of 0.05 cc of 2.5% formalin, was acquired by plethysmometric test.
Results: In C-normal groups, morphine showed an anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 10mg/kg (p<0.01) and pro-inflammatory effect at the dose of 1µg/kg (p<0.01). Reduction of C-fibers in C-lesion groups diminished the inflammation induced by formalin (p<0.001). Also in these groups, 10 mg/kg dose of morphine showed a more potent anti-inflammatory effects (p<0.001) and the pro-inflammatory effects of 1µg/kg dose of morphine reduced (p<0.001).
Conclusion: C-fibers by releasing substance P and CGRP can play an important role in inflammation induction in injured tissue. The results showed that, the reduction of these fibers can lead to inflammation reduction. So, the presences of C-fibers are so important in inflammation induction and edema.
Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, Fereshteh Aliasghari, Sousan Kolahi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Elham Mirtaheri,
Volume 17, Issue 12 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease. Hypertension could occur as a result of chronic inflammation in RA patients. Some evidence demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid in inflammatory diseases. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the effects of alpha-lipoic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on blood pressure and some inflammatory factors.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 70 female patients aged 20–50 years were randomized to two groups to receive either alpha-lipoic acid (1200 mg/day) or placebo. The intervention duration was 8 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and after the supplementation period. Also, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS13 software.
Results: 65 RA patients completed the trial. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in alpha-lipoic acid group was significantly decreased in comparison with placebo group (p<0.05). But, CRP and IL-6 serum levels did not indicate any significant within- and between group changes.
Conclusion: In the present study, alpha-lipoic acid supplementation resulted in significant blood pressure reduction in rheumatoid arthritis participants.
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, Gholamreza Chalabianloo, Neda Seyedi,
Volume 20, Issue 10 (1-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The activation of inflammatory cascades reactions has been consistently demonstrated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among several neuroinflammatory mechanisms, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling system has a central role in this process. The abnormal production of inflammatory factors may accompany the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. We aimed to examine serum levels of soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR1) in patients with MCI and AD as compared to cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects. We further aimed to investigate whether abnormal levels of these cytokines predict the progression from MCI to AD upon follow up.
Materials and Methods: We utilized cross-sectional determination of serum levels of sTNFR1 (ELISA method) in a test group comprising 150 older adults (30 AD, 60 MCI, and 60 healthy controls), and longitudinal reassessment of clinical status after12 months.
Results: At baseline, there were statistically significant differences in serum sTNFR1 between patients with MCI and AD and controls (p< 0.05). Also, patients with MCI who had more disorder in diagnostic functions and progressed to AD after one year, had significantly higher serum sTNFR1 levels as opposed to patients who retained the diagnosis of MCI upon follow up (p=0.03).
Conclusion: The results showed that abnormal activation of TNF signaling system, represented by increased expression of sTNFR1, is associated with a higher risk of progression from MCI to AD.
Mehri Jamilian, Jamilian Somayeh Jamshidi,
Volume 20, Issue 10 (1-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Selenium supplement has multiple important effects, including anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of selenium supplement on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor in gestational diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind placebo control trial was performed on 40 patients suffering from GDM aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into interventional group receiving 200mg/day selenium supplements (n=20) and control group receiving placebo (n=20) for 6 weeks. Primary outcome was gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF which were assessed in lymphocyte of GDM patients by RT-PCR method.
Results: After 6 weeks intervention, in comparison with the control group, interventional group showed down regulation of gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF–α) (p=0.02) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF–β) (p=0.01) and up-regulation of gene expression of vascular endothelial (VEGF) (p = 0.03) in lymphocytes of GDM. There was not any significant change following intervention with selenium regarding gene expression of interleukin IL-1 β and IL-8 in lymphocytes of GDM patients.
Conclusion: 6 weeks supplementation with selenium in patients with GDM can cause down regulated gene expression of TNF-α and TGF–β, and up regulated gene expression of VEGF. Selenium supplement had not any effect on gene expression of IL-1 β and IL-8.
Afsaneh Talaei, Mehdi Mahmoudpoor, Maryam Shahdost,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Regarding to paradoxical results of the studies about the effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory markers and metabolism, we aimed to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory markers in diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: Through a double blind randomized clinical trial, placebo control, 88 type two diabetic patients (T2DP), were treated with anti-diabetes oral agents, were randomly classified into two 44 cases groups. The intervention group took atorvastatin 40 mg daily and control group took placebo for three months and adiponectin, hsCRP, leptin, TNF-α, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose (FBS) were measured and compared at the beginning and the end of the study. The data were analyzed using student t test and paired t test.
Findings: After three months, adiponectin was significantly increased in intervention group in comparison to control group, but leptin had not a significant change in two groups. Total cholesterol, hsCRP and LDL cholesterol (Low density Lipoprotein) were decreased significantly in the intervention group than control group, while FBS was
non-significantly decreased.
Conclusion: It seems atorvastatin is effective to decrease inflammatopry markers in diabetic patients.
Mehri Jamilian, Nazanin Ravanbakhsh,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: We are aware of no study that examined the effects of vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E plus omega-3 supplementation on insulin metabolism and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 400 IU vitamin E plus 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acid supplements (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention to quantify biochemical variables.
Findings: Vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation led to a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (+187.5±224.9 vs. -32.5±136.1 mmol/L, p<0.001) and a significant decrease in MDA levels (-0.1±0.9 vs. +0.6±1.4 µmol/L, p=0.04) compared with placebo. Furthermore, a significant increase in plasma NO levels (+5.0±7.7 vs. -12.0±28.0 µmol/L, p=0.002) was seen after vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with the placebo.
Conclusion: Vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in GDM women had beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Nima Sanadgol , Mohammad Sharifzadeh , Parisa Maleki ,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Regarding the importance of new treatments to control and treat multiple sclerosis (MS), in this study we investigated the role of Benzoaric acid (BA) on the neuro-inflammation and apoptosis processes in the cuprizone (cup)-induced animal model of MS.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 males C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups. The study groups were included, control: received six weeks of normal powdered food beside intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of BA solvent (100 µL per day PBS) for the last two weeks, cup: received six weeks of powdered food contains 0.2% cup beside i.p. injection of BA solvent for the last two weeks and cup-treatment: received six weeks of powdered food contains 0.2% cup beside i.p. injection of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BA for the last two weeks. Eventually, the medial corpus callosum area of the animal’s brain was evaluated via western blot and Real-Time PCR methods.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical points were observed according to the declaration of Helsinki and relevant code of ethics, regarding minimizing harms during animal experimentation (UOZ-GR-9517-13).
Findings: Molecular studies have shown that BA-80 decreased mRNA (p <0.01) and protein expression of NF-KB and consequently increased I-KB/NF-KB ratio (p <0.05) and decreased inflammation in compare to cup group. Moreover, BA-80 decreased caspase-9 mRNA (p<0.01) and caspase-8 mRNA (p <0.05) and subsequently increased caspase-8/caspase-9 ratio (p<0.01) and decreased apoptosis in compare to cup group.
Conclusion: The dose of 80 mg/ml BA via decreasing cup-induced neuro-inflammation and neuro-apoptosis has protective effects in this model.
Maryam Bahrami, Ali Ghazavi, Ali Ganji, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In addition to free radicals such as Nitric Oxide (NO), inflammation is one of the most important pathophysiological causes of peritonitis. Over thousands of years, Nigella Sativa (NS) and Silybum Marianum (SM) are two plants known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of its compound is unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of NS and SM extracts and their combination on inflammatory diseases like thioglycollate peritoneal.
Methods & Materials: Alcoholic extracts of SM and NS were obtained by the soxhlet method. Male Balb/C mice were divided into 5 groups and gavage orally for 14 days with SM, NS, the mixture of extracts of these two, DMSO 30% as the control group, and dexamethasone as the positive control group. The safety profile and acute toxicity in mice were assessed. On day 10, acute peritonitis was induced by thioglycollate 3%. Finally, the total anti-oxidant power and NO concentration were measured by FRAP and Griess method, respectively, in the serum of treated mice.
Ethical Considerations: All experimental process was performed following the guidelines according to the Animal Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.359).
Results: Acute toxicity test showed no significant changes in weight and physical appearance of the mice. However, the extract and their mixture decreased NO level significantly (P=0.000) in serum. Also, the mixture significantly increased total anti-oxidant power (P=0.015).
Conclusion: Results showed that the SM and NS extract mixture demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as NO and increasing anti-oxidant power, thus supporting its therapeutic potential in slowing down inflammatory processes in inflammation disorders.
Maryam Saghafi Asl, Azimeh Izadi, Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh Attari,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Older adults, particularly those living in nursing homes, are a vulnerable group whose poor nutritional status and inadequate nutrient intake provide the basis for the incidence of diseases and increase their health costs. The aim of the present study was to compare the Index for Nutritional Quality (INQ) between institutionalized (nursing-home) and non-institutionalized (community-living) older adults and to investigate its association with serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in each group.
Methods & Materials: In this case-control, age- and gender-matched study in Tabriz (East Azarbaijan, Iran), o subjects aged 65 years and older were recruited from nursing homes (n=76) and community (n=88). Anthropometric parameters were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A three-day record of the foods provided for the nursing home residents were weighed, using a digital scale. The whole food intake of older adults was converted to grams and dietary data were analyzed using Nutritionist IV software. Blood sample was drawn to measure serum hs-CRP level. SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Ethical Considerations: The present research was approved at Research Ethical Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Code: TBZMED.REC.1394.152).
Results: In the present study, INQ for all nutrients (except for vitamins A, D, E, biotin, vitamin B6, folic acid, and iron) was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). The INQ<1 for these nutrients (except for iron) in both groups indicates insufficient intake of these micronutrients. However, INQ for nearly all nutrients (other than selenium) was higher in the community-living older adults, compared to nursing-home residents (P<0.05). The intake of minerals including calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc, chromium, sodium, and potassium was also insufficient in both groups. Nursing-home residents did not meet their estimated needs for vitamins B2, B12, and copper. A significant reverse association was observed for serum hs-CRP level and INQ for vitamin D (P=0.04) and calcium (P=0.038) in the community-living older adults after adjusting for BMI. Such a correlation was also reported between INQ for vitamin B12 and serum hs-CRP level in both groups (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to pay more attention to the nutritional status of older adults, especially those living in nursing-homes. A diet rich in micronutrients, especially vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin B12 may help prevent the development of inflammation in old population.
