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Introduction: Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) has been recognized as a common disorder in childhood and is an important and common factor in formation of renal stones. Recurrent urinary tract infection is a clinical presentation of hypercalciuria. Regarding that Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypercalciuria treatment, therefore in this study we assessed the efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide in preventing recurrent UTI in hypercalciuric girl patients. Materials & Methods: This research was a single blind randomized clinical trial. 100, 1 to 12 years old girls, who were followed by pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic in Vali-Asr and Amir Kabir hospitals, with the diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria and at least two urinary tract infections in year, were included in study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. First group received a general preventive treatment consisted of a liberal fluid , urination every 2 hours , reducing dietary salt intake , washing genitalia from front to back , wearing cotton loose underwear and complete urination. In second group, in addition to the general treatment, Hydrochlorothiazide was used with initial dose of 1mg/kg/day in a morning dosage.Then, urinary tract infection recurrence in two groups was assessed by student T test. Results: All patients who received Hydrochlorothiazide were normocalciuric. In each group, incidence of UTI non recurrence was 34% (17 cases), that was not significantly different. Conclusion: This study rejected the presence of hypercalciuria treatment effect in preventing recurrent urinary infection. Therefore, the association between UTI and IH needs to be closely studied with the attention to eliminate confounding factors.

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Introduction: Chronic and relapsing abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons that bring children to pediatric clinics. About 20% of these children are suffering from idiopathic hypercalciuria. Since Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in relieving hypercalciuria, we assessed its effects on reducing these relapsing pains in girls with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Materials and Methods:In this single blind clinical trial study, 100 girls, aged 5-12 years old, with chronic relapsing abdominal pain and hypercalciuria were divided to two groups by random block design. All children and their parents were trained about consuming plenty of liquids and decreasing salt in foods. In addition to these measures, Hydrochlorothiazide (1 mg/kg/day) was also administered to children in the case group. The control group was assessed for the number of abdominal pain episodes for 3 months following the commencement of the diet and the case group for 3 months after becoming normocaciuric. The results were analyzed by T-test. Results: The mean number of pain episodes in Hydrochlorothiazide group in the first, second, and third months were 0.38, 0.4, and 0.26 respectively much lower than the corresponding months in the control group which were 1.60,1.94, and 1.84 in that order (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that single dose daily Hydrochlorothiazide is a safe and effective drug in the treatment of chronic relapsing abdominal pain in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

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Introduction: Hypomagnesemia hypercalciuria nephrocalcinosis (HHNC) is a rare syndrome due to mutation defect in CLDN-16 gene. Its product is paracellin, a protein in henle loop paracellur area which acts in magnesium and calaium reabsorption. In this article a case of HHNC is reported. Case: The patient is a 3 years old boy presented with tetany, polyuria and polydipsia. Imaging study revealed medullary nephrocalcinosis. Laboratory investigations showed hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, hypermagnesiuria and normal arterial blood gases. In 2 years follow up, no neurological diseases, growth failure, or rickets were seen. He was treated with Hydrochlorothiazide and Potassium polycitra for prevention of nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure. Conclusion: HHNC is a rare syndrome presenting with hypercalciuria, hypo- magnesemia nephrocalcalcinosis, tetany, polyuria and polydypsia which progresses to end stage renal failure in 2nd or 3rd decades. Early diagnosis and some treatment modalities like Hydrochlorothiazide or polycitra-k can delay this process.