---

Introduction: Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is a glycoprotein that is secreted from osteoblasts. In fractures, the rate of ALP will be changed. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates the growth and remodeling of fractures. However the relation between pulsed ultrasound and changing the rate of serum ALP in New Zeland rabbit is not studied yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pulsed ultrasound on serum ALP during bone healing of tibia in New Zealand rabbit. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study. 54 male and mature New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (3 experimentals and 3 controls). All of them were operated for inducing a model of experimental fracture. After repair of wounds, the right leg of experimental groups was exposed to pulsed ultrasound for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The control groups were kept without any intervention during the same time. After experiment, the rabbits were anesthesied and blood samples were taken from their hearts for ALP serology, and then the rabbits were killed. Blood was centrifuged and serum ALP was read by spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Results showed that the mean serum ALP level in experimental group after 4 weeks exposing to pulsed ultrasound was significantly higher as compared to control group (p= 0.03). There was no significant difference between the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that pulsed ultrasound wave increases serum ALP and accelerates the bone healing.

---

Abstract Background: Cartilaginous and movement diseases are the most prevalent problem in human. Various vitamins like A and C increase the process of regeneration and wound healing. In this research, the Alfalfa plant with scientific name Medicago sativa, that contains a lot amount of A, C, E and K vitamins, was used and effect of its extract on regeneration of pinna rabbit cartilage was studied. Materials and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, 6 New Zealand male rabbits with 2.5-3 kg weight have been selected. After shaving hairs on ears with depilation cream, the ear were anesthetized by lidocaine 10% and 4 holes were punched with 4 mm diameter in medial situation of each ear. Test ears by extract of Medicago sativa and control ear were treated by normal saline every day. Holes era and the distance of two edges of cartilage were measured in various days of healing. Also, tissue sampling for microscopic observation by H&E color (day 0-50) was done. Results: Regeneration and healing of the treated holes with extract of Medicago sativa was faster than the control holes (p<0/004). Also, thickness of cartilage and cell density of chondrocytes and fibroblasts in the newly formed connective tissues in test were more than control. Conclusion: The extract of Medicago sativa because of A, C vitamins containing, probably increased the wound healing and regeneration of the rabbit ear cartilage and suggest the pharmacological usages.

---

Background: Today, there is growing interest in using traditional medicine for healing cutaneous wounds. Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on prevention or treatment of special pathologic conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus brevis on cutaneous wound healing. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, through phenol-sulfuric acid method, 22 strains of lactobacillus isolated from dairy-traditional products were investigated in terms of exopolysaccharide production. Lactobacillus brevis, which had high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, was selected. A wound was created on the back of male Wistar rats in control, negative control, and experimental groups. Control and experimental groups underwent regional treatment by eucerin and eucerin contained Lactobacillus brevis, respectively, but the negative-control group did not receive any treatment. On days 1, 7 and 21, the rats were killed and their cutaneous wound samples were studied. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 11.5. Results: The percentage of wound healing (99.53%) and inflammation in the experimental group on day 21 compared to control (90.55%) and negative groups (91.14%) was significantly higher (P<0.001). The number of neutrophils in the experimental group decreased in later phases of wound healing compared to the control and negative control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that Lactobacillus brevis significantly decreases inflammation and accelerates wound healing in treated rats. The findings of this study can be applied clinically in near future

---

Background: Stress gradually makes immune system weak and suppresses it, therefore makes body susceptible to various types of diseases, and may delay the healing of the wound. The aim of this study was to show the effects of cold and immobilization stresses on wound healing in Balb/c mice. Materials and Methods: In an interventional study 30 female Balb/c mice were divided into 3 groups randomly. First and second groups were exposed to cold and immobilization stresses respectively and third group (control group) left with no stress. Wound healing was checked every other day and compared with each other. Results: Results showed that the mean of wound sizes of stressed groups was bigger than control group (p<0.05).The wounds healing duration was 11 days in control group and 15 days in test groups. Conclusions:Stress has negative effect on wound healing, therefore a peaceful and calm environment is recommended for patients with serious injuries.

---

Background: Gastric ulcer treatment with chemical drugs is associated with a multitude of side effect. One of the most important groups of probiotics is lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effects of Lactobacillus pentosus on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into experimental, control 1, and control 2 groups. After one day of fasting, the rats were operated and gastric ulcer was induced by acetic acid. One day after surgery, the groups were treated with the 1010 cfu/day bacteria, dissolved in one ml of milk sterilizer, 1 ml of milk sterilizer, and 1 ml of normal saline, respectively, via gavage. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the induction of gastric ulcer, the animals were killed and the wound size (mm2) and the effect of the bacteria on the healing of wounds were measured for each rat.

Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus pentosus strains significantly decreased wound size in the experimental group compared with control groups. Significant increases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, significant decreases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and increased numbers of fibroblasts were observed in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Also, significant reductions in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts were seen in the experimental group compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus pentosus has healing effects on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

---

Background: Platelet glue is a human plasma product that is rich in platelets growth factors and fibrinogen and has haemostatic and healing properties. In the present study, the effect of fibrin sealant rich in platelet growth factors on healing burn wounds was evaluated.

Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 50 burn patients divided into two equal groups and followed for one month. Both groups received antibiotics during the treatment. Granulation tissue formation and epithelialization were the tokens of wound recovery and positive response to treatment. Data analysis was done by Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and t-test using SPSS software version 16.

Results: The mean of time to complete healing was significantly different in intervention and control groups (p=0.001). Time to recover 100% was 11.5±2.2 days in the intervention group and 16.2±5.3 days in the control group. The intervention group healed about 1.4 times faster than the control group.

Conclusion: Autologous platelet gel can be used as a new therapeutic approach in healing burn wounds. With this product, burn wounds can be expected to heal more quickly.

---

Background: Pentoxifylline is a xantin derivative that causes deduction of blood viscosity, improves peripheral blood current and increases tissues oxygenization. In this study, considering special properties of this drug and inspite of undefined mechanism of its effect, the effect of pentoxifylline on skin biomechanical indices in acute phase of skin wound healing in rat is evaluated.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 14 adult Wistar rat were divided in two groups of experimental (n=7) receiving 100mg/kg twice a day and control (n=7) receiving distilled water intraperitoneal. Incisional wounds, 20mm length in identical pattern were created on back skin of rats. On day 15 skin strips containing incision were excised and used to evaluate biomechanical indices, work up to maximum force-Nm and Tensile strength= Rm-N/mm2. Results were analyzed by Spss soft ware and K-S, Levens and student T-Test.

Results: According to biomechanical test findings, pentoxifylline administration causes improvement in biomechanical indices of skin after 15 days of drug administration. Discrepancy between skin biomechanical indices of experimental and control subgroups was significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Pentoxifylline caused improvement in skin biomechanical indices and accelerated skin wound healing in experimentals.

---

Background: It is expected that affected people with diabetes will increase to 439 million in 2030, 15% of them are affected with chronic leg ulcer disease. Increasing number of researches implicate the positive influence of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the skin wound healing. Pentoxifylline is a xantin derivative that modifies or inhibits inflammatory factors, reduces blood viscosity, improves peripheral blood currency and increases oxygenation of tissues the In this study the effect of Pentoxifylline (PTX) on skin biomechanical indices in acute phase of skin wound healing in diabetic rat is in considerable interest.

Materials and Methods: It is an experimental- interventional study in which fourteen adult male wistar rats were divided into experimental group (n=7), receiving pentoxifyllineintraperitoneally and control group (n=7) receiving distilled water (DW). Diabeteswas induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin in both groups then full thickness incisional wound (20mm length) in identical pattern was made on the dorsum of rats. After 15 days a band of skin (4×60mm) containing wound was extracted and used to evaluate skin biomechanical indexes (work up to maximum force-Nm and Tensile strength= Rm-N/mm2). Results were analysed by SPSS software version 19 and K-S, Levens Test and Student SampleT-Test were used.

Results: Pentoxifylline administration improved skin biomechanical indices after 15 days after skin incisional wound. Differences between experimental and control’s indices were significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Pentoxifylline accelerated wound healing and improved tensile strength of skin in diabetic rats of experimental group.

---

Background: The type of dressing used has great effct on pain relief when dressing patients is changed. So this study is performed to compare the effect of Acticoat dressing and normal dressing on pain of burn patients during dressing change.

Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was done on 64 patients with second and third degrees burn wounds in Vali-asr hospital. The patients were randomly divided in two groups (receiver of the Acticoat) and control (the receiver of silver sulfadiazine cream 1%) for 15 days. Pain was examined during dressing change by using numerical evaluation of the degree of pain on the first, seventh and fifteenth days. Finally, the data was examined by using statistical tests, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests, RM ANOVA.

Results: The results showed that there was no significant differences between the groups in baseline pain intensity statistically (p=0.20). Pain intensity had statistically significant difference in the experimental group and control group in the seventh and fifteent days of the study (p>0.001) so that the experimental group experienced less pain.

Conclusion: Acticoat dressing is a simple and practical method in burn patients according to the present results of study which is preferred in terms of reducing pain during dressing change compared to the conventional method.

---

Background: Wound healing is a complex process that is impaired in diabetic patients due to several factors. So far, the positive effects of mesenchymal stem cells secretions in wound healing process have been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells Conditioned media on expression of effective factors involved in wound healing.

Materials and Methods: 27 rats were divided into 5 groups: no wound control, normal control, diabetic control, diabetic placebo and diabetic experimental. Diabetes was induced by Alloxan. A wound was created on the back of the rats. Then, the conditioned medium was prepared from mesenchymal stem cells. Diabetic experimental rats received 200 microliter of conditioned medium intravenously. The wounds were sampled and expression of KGF and TGF-&beta1 genes was examined by RT-PCR on days four and seven after wounding.

Results: In the diabetic experimental group, expression of KGF gene at fourth and seventh days had been non-significantly increased in comparison to diabetic control group. While, expression of TGF-&beta1 gene in diabetic experimental group compared to diabetic control group had been significantly (p<0.05) increased on fourth day, and non-significantly increased on seventh day.

Conclusion: It seems that using the conditioned medium derived from human mesenchymal stem cells positively affects the expression of trophic and inflammatory factors involved in diabetic skin wound healing.

---

Background: Corticosteroids as dexamethasone are used for treating non-specific inflammatory diseases, however, may result in delayed wound healing due to its catabolic effects in skin. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on delayed wound healing in dexamethasone-treated rats.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were used. After dermal incisions within a distance of 1.5 mm to the spinal column (30 mm length), rats were treated with 0.17 mg/kg dexamethasone, 50 mg/kg quercetin or both until 21 days. Wound healing was evaluated by measuring surface area, percentage of healing, wound length, duration of healing, and wound tensile strength.

Results: Our results showed that the duration of wound healing was significantly increased in dexamethasone treated rats in comparison with control group. In contrast, the rate of healing and skin tensile strength in dexamethasone treated rats receiving quercetin was significantly greater than dexamethasone treated group. In addition, the duration of wound healing in the dexamethasone treated group receiving quercetin was less than dexamethasone group.

Conclusion: This study provides some evidence to support the use of quercetin to accelerating wound healing in dexamethasone treated animals. However, Further research is needed to determine the quercetin mechanisms in acceleration of wound healing.

---

Background and Aim: Topical supplements and vitamins have often been used to accelerate the healing of burn wounds. This study investigated the effects of topical application of vitamin C solution on burn wounds. 
Methods & Materials: This research was performed on 30 patients with extensive second-degree burns on one or two organs with similar burns. The study subjects were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received topical application of vitamin C solution in addition to silver sulfadiazine ointment in the burn area; however, only silver sulfadiazine ointment was applied in the burn area in the control group. The wounds were examined and scored on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS using repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the ethics committee of sabzevar university medical sciences. (Code: IR.MEDSAB.REC.1394.60). 
Results Eighteen of the 30 examined patients were male and 12 were female. Their Mean±SD age and body mass index were 43.03±11.90 years and 27.82±4.08 kg/m2, respectively. 
Conclusion: The repeated-measures ANOVA data indicated that the study groups were significantly different concerning the final mean scores given to the wounds (P=0.047). In other words, the research groups significantly differed in wound healing; thus, topical application of vitamin C significantly improved wound healing in the study participants.