Showing 5 results for Filtration
Ghasem Mosayebi, Ali Ghazavi, Hosein Salehi, Mohammad Ali Payani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis distinguished by infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system. Changes in composition and levels of unsaturated fatty acids, affect the integrity of blood-brain barrier. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Sesame oil on the leukocyte infiltration into the brain of MOG35-55 induced EAE male C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male C57BL/6 mice were placed in two therapeutic groups (n=10 per group) with age and weight-matched as follow: 1.Sesame oil-treated EAE mice received 4ml/kg/day of Sesame oil given i.p. from day -3 until day +19 after disease induction, 2.Non-treated EAE mice (EAE control) received Phosphate buffer alone with same schedule. EAE was induced by immunization of mice with MOG35-55 peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant. Leukocytes infiltration into the brain was investigated 20 days after immunization. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The results show that Sesame oil-treated mice had significantly less clinical score of EAE (2.6±0.4) than non-treated EAE induced mice (4.2±0.6), (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference at number of the infiltrating cells in brain between Sesame oiltreated (80±20) and non treated EAE-induced mice (150±30), (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that Sesame oil reduces infiltration of leukocytes into the brain of EAE mice, therefore lessening the histological changes and clinical signs and thus ameliorating the disease.
Houshang Najafi, Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: This investigation was designed to determine the effects of a selective A1-AR antagonist (DPCPX) on renal hemodynamic and excretory dysfunctions induced during the early hours of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, rats were anaesthetized by sodium pentobarbital, and their renal arteries were, then, occluded for 30 min, four hours after the reperfusion period. There was a clearance period during the last one hour of reperfusion period throughout which urine was collected under 30-mm of paraffin, and arterial blood samples were taken during its beginning and end. Animals were divided into four groups DPCPX (2 mg/kg) or normal saline were injected 30 min before renal ischemia to the two groups of I/R+DPCPX and I/R, respectively, and to DPCPX and Sham groups which were subjected to surgery without clamping of renal arteries, respectively. Results: I/R resulted in elevations of plasma osmolality, plasma concentrations of Na, K, creatinine, and urea, fractional excretions of Na, K, and bicarbonate, absolute bicarbonate excretion, and urinary pH, but it induced reductions in arterial bicarbonate concentration, pH and Pco2, creatinine clearance, absolute excretions of Na and urea, free-water re-absorption, and urinary osmolality in the I/R group in comparison to the Sham group. Comparison between I/R+DPCPX and I/R groups showed that applying DPCPX could improve I/R-induced alterations in most of these parameters. Conclusion: Activation of A1-AR during the early hours of reperfusion following renal ischemia definitely contributes to the development of disorders in hemodynamics, tubular Na re-absorption, as well as excretions of K, urea, and acid-base.
M.javad Ghanadzadeh, Ali Akbar Rezaei Ashtiani, Mohammad Rajaei, Abolhasan Faraz,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: Hospital wastewater usually contains pathogenic micro-organisms, drugs, radio active materials, and toxic chemical elements that in case of being disposed without filtration, will result in pollution and spread of diseases. Therefore, evaluating the status of wastewater disposal in hospitals is necessary for proper planning. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study in 2008, data collection was done by means of interviews, observations, and questionnaires in all hospitals of Markazi Province. Noticing the 33 items in the questionnaire, the overall conditions of the hospitals and the methods of using the sewage system were studied, and at the same time, filtration installations and wastewater disposal systems were inspected. Results: Of all the 19 hospitals, 10 used a conventional method of direct disposal of sewage to subterranean shafts, and of the 4 hospitals with filtration installations, three were practically out of order or were not efficient. Five of the hospitals were directly linked to the city sewage system without any pre-filtration. None of the hospitals had a specialized operator of sewage filtration and disposal system. Conclusion: Wastewater disposal in hospitals of Markazi Province is not desirable therefore, such acts as conducting more specific surveys, creating a positive attitude in planners, and providing sufficient funds for filtering wastewater in some of the hospitals are suggested.
Bagher Seyed Alipour, Najmeh Barimani, Abbasali Dehpour Jooybari, Seyed Mohammad Hoseini,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Nanomaterials have gained increasing attention because of their novel properties, including a large specific surface area and high reaction activity. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of CuO nanopaticles on brain, spleen, and embryo NMRI pregnant mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty two female NMRI mice of (weighting 30±3.0 g) were randomly divided into six groups (four experimental groups, one sham group and one control group).The experimental mice on days 3 and 12 of pregnancy received CuO nanoparticle with concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. On day 17 pregnancy, brain, spleen and fetus weights were measured.Tissues for histopathological evaluation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: Based on the macroscopic observations of embryos weight with increasing concentration of nanoparticle compared to control reduces its toxicity increased (p&le0.05). Spleen only at concentration of 600 mg/kg showed significant changes compared to control (p&le0.05). Histopathologic examination on brain and spleen following IP administration of CuO nanoparticle showed signs of cytotoxicity (congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolar degeneration) and (congestion, necrosis, increased hemosiderin) compared to control group, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study clearly showed that CuO-NPs can produce the histopathological abnormalities on brain and spleen tissues of NMRI mice in a dose-dependent manner.
Abolfazl Morad, Mehdi Zeinoddini,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the microbial contamination of food and water, identifying the trace amounts of contaminating bacteria has always been of researchers’ interest and concern. The most frequent approach to resolve this problem is using culture-based methods to increase and enrich bacteria samples; accordingly, it extends the bacterial detection process to several hours or days. One of the smart strategies to solve this problem is the concentration of bacteria using physical methods. The present study aimed to enrich Vibrio cholerae as the most essential water-polluting germs. Accordingly, we used the filtration method and evaluated its function by culture method and two detection approaches of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and PCR assay.
Methods & Materials: A certain concentration of V. Cholerae was artificially added to a specified volume of sterile water. Then, the bacteria were extracted from the medium and filtered using 0.450 µm separable filters. Finally, the performance of the pre- and post-filtration processes was compared using bacterial cell culture (CFU), ATP, and PCR assay with the specific primers for the ompW gene of V. cholerae.
Ethical Considerations: This article is a meta-analysis with no human or animal sample.
Results: The present research results indicated that the applied method presented high efficiency and recovery performance. In other words, samples provided no positive response before filtration in both methods; however, after filtration in isolated and recovered samples, the presence of bacteria was detected in the ATP and PCR methods.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the employed strategy can detect V. cholerae in non-culture and in the shortest time in contaminated water samples.
