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Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is one of the common complications in adults. It can be treated by surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Nonsurgical treatments (functional foot orthosis, heel pad, night splint and wedge) are emphasized as the main option in management of plantar fasciitis. Wedge can be used effectively because of its low weight, low price, easy making and availability to the patient. In this study the effect of medial heel wedge on managing pain in patients suffering from plantar fasciitis was examined. Materials and Methods: In this before and after clinical trial, 15 patients with plantar fasciitis including 6 male and 9 female with 18 involved extremities were selected by non probability sampling.Variables including pain, ADL, sport and recreational activity, quality of life, stride length and step length were measured in three stages: once before intervention and then two and four weeks after intervension. For evaluating the variables, FAOS questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The improvement of variables such as pain, ADL, quality of life, sport and recreational activity, step length and stride length was significant (p=0.05). Conclusion: Medial heel wedge reduced pain by shifing the center of force into lateral border of heel in addition to reduce the tension of plantar fascia.

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Background: Peripheral nerve injures are common in clinical practice that includes from compression injury to complete disruption of nerve trunk. After injury nerves can grow and repair spontaneously, early end to end anastomosis is first choice for repair but only 50% of nerve fiber would be physiologically accurate and effective, thus several techniques for repair of nerve injury are introduced including combination of nerve transplant with silicon tubes, use of biologic and synthetic tubes for nerve conduit.

Materials and Methods: In this Exprimental study, 20 rats with the same weight were selected and kept in the same condition .The left sciatic nerve of them was cut and were divided in two groups.In the first group the facial flap method for repair of nerve injury was used .In the second group vein conduit method was used as standard method. Histological nerve repair was assessed after 45 days and the intact right sciatic nerve was used as control.

Results: Repair of nerve injury in proximal, mid and distal portion of nerve in facial flap method was more effective than vein conduit (P<0.05). Repair of nerve injury in proximal, mid and distal portion had no difference compared with control group (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Repair of nerve injury with facial flap method is more effective than standard method and can be used as a new method for nerve repair.

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Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine aberration in women. PCOS is characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism and anovulation resulted from a disorder of follicular maturation. Apoptosis is a regulatory mechanism for oocyte maturation and survival. Several studies have shown a possible role of Fas in ovarian apoptosis. The present study is the first investigation to examine the possible association of Fas rs1800682gene polymorphism with PCOS risk in Iranian women.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 251 patients with PCOS and 213 healthy control women. The Fas rs1800682 gene polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using the Tetra-ARMS-PCR method. Also, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between genotypes and PCOS risk.

Results: There was a significant association between A allele and susceptibility to PCOS(OR =1.4, %95CI=1.08-1.83, p=0.011). Moreover, in the recessive genetic model for A allele, the AA genotype increased the risk of PCOS after adjusting age and body mass index(OR=1.6, %95CI=1.02-2.51, p=0.041).

Conclusion: For the first time, this study showed that Fas rs1800682 polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk in Iranian women and the A allele may act as a recessive allele for increasing the risk of PCOS.

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Introduction: Fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic disease common among both humans and livestock. That causes several health problems and economical losses in different parts of Iran. In order to control this disease, chemicals are used, which in some cases lead to resistance to the used substances and cause environmental problems. In this study, the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of Lippia citriodora on the eggs of Fasciola hepatica is investigated.
Methods: Fasciola hepatica eggs were obtained from the liver and gall bladders of naturally infected sheep and kept at 4˚C until use. Ethanol extract of Lippia citriodora kunth was provided from dried leaves. The eggs were exposed to Different concentration of extract.  Concentrations of Lippia citriodora extract (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100%). Control group eggs were placed in chlorine-free water. Egg and embryo development stages to complete and release miracidia were examined every day. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted after receiving the code of ethics (93-175-13) from the University Research Council.
Results: In concentration of 10 percent Lippia citriodora, miracidia was formed after 16 days in the egg. With increasing of concentration percentage of the extract, time of miracidia formation in eggs also rose. The time of miracidia formation between cases and control group is significantly different (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Our study shows that extract of Lippia citriodora is an effective inhibiting factor against development of Fasciola eggs.

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Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common types of endocrine malignancies. FASL is one of the most important apoptosis ligands expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This death ligand plays an important role in the elimination of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in the Fas/FasL pathway, and its disruption induces tumorigenesis. This study investigated the association of the FASL gene polymorphism - INV2nt-124A/G (rs5030772) with the risk of thyroid cancer in the East Azerbaijan region.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 115 patients with thyroid cancer and 125 healthy individuals without a family history of cancer from Tabriz city were studied. Five milliliters of peripheral blood were collected from each of these participants. Proteinase K method was used for DNA extraction and FASL gene polymorphism (rs5030772) was analyzed by ARMS-PCR technique. The results were analyzed using Javastat statistics package online software.
Results: The genotype frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 40.35%, 49.12% and 10.53% in patients and 41.6%, 52.8% and 5.6% in the control group, respectively. Genotypic and allelic frequencies did not show significant differences between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). By examining the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, no significant relationship was seen between the clinical characteristics of the patients and the distribution of the genotypes of this polymorphism (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the FASL gene polymorphism - INV2nt-124A/G (rs5030772) cannot be considered as a risk factor for thyroid cancer in the studied population in in East Azerbaijan province.