Showing 6 results for Exercise Training
Alireza Bahrami, Abbas Saremi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background: Old, obese, and sedentary individuals are at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Exercise improves metabolic anomalies associated with such diseases, but the effects of caloric restriction in coupled with exercise on such high- risk groups are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week lifestyle modification program on C- reactive protein and metabolic syndrome parameters in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study with pretest – posttest design, 21 sedentary men were randomly assigned to 12- week caloric restriction (CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.59± 4.90, BMI: 30.02± 1.73, CR, n=10) or exercise+caloric restriction group (EX+CR) [~500kcal] (age: 45.23± 5.6, BMI: 29.84± 1.60, EX+CR, n=11). Body composition, cardiovascular risk markers, and C- reactive protein were measured pre and post intervention.
Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, significant reduction in body weight, abdominal fat (visceral, subcutaneous), insulin resistance, blood lipid profile, and C- reactive protein were observed in EX+CR group (P>0.05), Whereas, in CR group only significant improvement were observed in body weight and insulin resistance index (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions incorporating diet to exercise improve insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and other cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese/overweight men.
Saeed Esmaeili, Vazgen Minasian, Mohammad Bayat, Hadi Karami,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is one of the effective and inhibiting factors in controlling blood glucose and vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its type 1 receptor in cardiac tissue of type 2 diabetic rats following three different training methods.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic groups with endurance, resistance, and combined exercise training. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and exercises were performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Evaluation of the levels of gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor 1 was performed by RT-qPCR.
Findings: The results showed a significant reduction in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic control, endurance training and resistance training groups, as well as a significant increase in expression of its receptor in diabetic control group and all training groups compared to healthy control group (p <0.001). Comparisons with the diabetic control group showed that in all training groups, the vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression increased, but in the its receptor 1 it was significantly decreased (p <0.001).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that different training exercises are effective in improving angiogenesis, but combined exercises have a certain superiority compared to other exercises.
Javad Nakhzari Khodakheir, Amir Hossein Haghighi, Mohammad Reza Hamedinia,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Physical activity and exercise are as the methods stimulating the secretion of nerve growth factors in MS patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise training with aerobic dominant and supplementation of coenzyme Q10 on serum BDNF and NGF levels in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods: In the semi-experimental research, twenty-eight MS patients (EDSS=3-5) were selected by using available sampling method and randomly divided into three experimental groups (combined exercise training + Q10 supplementation, combined exercise training + placebo, and Q10 supplementation) and one control group. two experimental groups performed a combined exercise program include two sessions of aerobic training and one session of resistance training three sessions per week for eight weeks. 200 mg of Q10 supplement was prescribed per day. Blood samples (after 10 hours fasting) were collected 24 hours before the first and 24 hours after the last session of exercise for evaluation of serum levels of BDNF and NGF. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance at a significance level of p<0.05.
Findings: The results showed no significant changes in serum levels of BDNF and NGF in the three experimental groups compared to the control group (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: Combined exercise training with coenzyme Q10 supplementation cannot lead to changes in serum concentration of nerve growth factors (BDNF, NGF) in patients with MS. Therefore, it is necessary to change the duration and severity of this type of training as well as dose of Q10 supplementation.
Khadijeh Ahrari, Mandana Gholami, Maryam Chamani, Hossein Abednatanzi,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pregnancy and exercise training are associated with changes in the cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. There is a few studies on this issue in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of a combined exercise training program on blood pressure and heart rate variability of pregnant women.
Methods & Materials: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Participants were 10 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-26 weeks in the interventional group and 10 healthy pregnant women in the control group. The interventional group received 8 weeks of combined exercise training at moderate intensity. The blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram and aerobic and resistant exercise tests of samples were performed before and after training. AST3000 Avicenna software was used to analyze the heart rate variability parameters, and for statistical analysis, paired and independent t-tests, Mann Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were used.
Ethical Considerations: This study with registered clinical trial code IRCT20190227042856N1 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch in Tehran, Iran (code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1397.101).
Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lower in the interventional group by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mean of time-domain parameters in the interventional group were higher by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Combined exercise training can improve autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems in pregnant women.
Ms Nastaran Haghighi Naghani, Dr Mohammad Fathi, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that causes heart tissue damage and changes in its protein levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an incremental training period on MMP-2 and MEF2C protein in cardiac muscle tissue of diabetic Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (age 10 weeks and average weight 245 ± 9.5 grams) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10: diabetes-control (DC), diabetes-exercise (DT), healthy-exercise (HT) and healthy-control (HC). Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) was used to cause diabetes. The training protocol was implemented for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, heart tissue was extracted. Western blot method was used to evaluate MMP-2 and MEF2C protein expression. Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance test.
Results: The results showed that diabetes causes a significant increase in MMP-2 protein expression levels and a significant decrease in MEF2C in the DC group compared to the HC group (P<0.05). although a period of increased training leads to a significant decrease in MMP-2 protein expression levels and a significant increase in MEF2C in the DT group compared to the DC group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of this research show that increasing aerobic exercise moderates the effects caused by diabetes in the expression of these two proteins, which seems to be a protective effect against cardiomyopathy changes caused by diabetes.
Maryam Keshvari, Ali Heidarianpour, Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi,
Volume 27, Issue 5 (12-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers in the hippocampus represents a pivotal aspect of Alzheimer's research. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming endurance, resistance, and combined exercises on the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampus tissue thickness of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 large white Wistar laboratory rats (6 weeks old; Weight 180-200 g) were randomly and equally divided into five groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control, endurance, resistance, and combined. Alzheimer's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin chloride (8 mg/kg). Two weeks after the injection and confirmation of Alzheimer's induction, the training protocols of endurance (5-sessions/week, the first to the fourth week incrementally from 5-15-min to 45-min of swimming, the fifth to the twelfth week 60-min of swimming), resistance (5-sessions/week, The first week of familiarization with the exercise, week 2; 30%, week3-5; 70-90%, week6-8; 100-110%, week9-10; 120-130%, and week11-12; 140-150% of body weight), combined (2 resistance sessions/week and three endurance sessions/week) was performed for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours post-intervention, animals were dissected, and hippocampus tissue was harvested. Finally, the data were analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's animals decreased compared to healthy animals, and all three endurance, resistance, and combined exercise protocols increased layers (P < 0.001). However, the increase in the molecular and pyramidal layers thickness of the hippocampal tissue of combined group rats compared to the endurance and resistance group had a greater increase (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the changes in the thickness of the hippocampal tissue layers concerning Alzheimer's pathology and the effect of combined exercises on this parameter. While exercise may have positively affected hippocampal volume and synaptic plasticity, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of exercise on hippocampal layer thickness in Alzheimer's.
