Showing 8 results for Epidemiology
Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Mehdi Khodayari, Babak Eshrati, Mohsen Shamsi, ,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Prevention, control, or eradication of brucellosis in a country or region needs policy-making, decision-making, and possessing accurate epidemiological data and information. Therefore, this study was done to review the epidemiology and some factors affecting the interval between the onset and diagnosis of brucellosis in Markazi Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on patients diagnosed with brucellosis during 2010-2011 in Markazi Province were studied. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics as well as chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test using SPSS software.
Results: Out of all cases (907), the interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was more than a month in 363 cases (41.7%). The interval between the onset and diagnosis was significantly associated with location (urban or rural) (P=0.001), city of residence (P=0.001), career (P=0.002), and type of disease (new or failure case) (P=0.008).
Conclusion: Since the interval time between the onset and diagnosis of brucellosis among rural residents, ranchers, housewives, and farmers is more, greater attention should be paid to this new class.
Shamsi Farahani, Sedigheh Shah Mohamadi, Iman Navidi, Masoomeh Sofian,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is one of the zoonotic diseases that has always been considered a health problem in Iran. Since this disease is endemic in Arak and Markazi Province, this study was done to investigate its epidemiology during 2001-2010.
Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, data on patients with brucellosis were obtained from the medical records in Arak Health Center during 2001-2010. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.
Results: During this period, 3880 new cases were reported. The mean incidence rate of brucellosis was 60 per 100000 people during 2001-2010. The greatest incidence was in 2004 (111.5 per 100000 people), whereas the lowest incidence was in 2006 (40.5 per 100000 people). Overall, 72% of the patients lived in villages, and 60% of them were male. The majority of the patients were in the second decade of their lives (10-19 years old). The majority of the patients had Wright test titer=1:320 and 2ME titer=1:80 in serology titration.
Conclusion: Arak is one of the regions with high incidence of brucellosis. In this region, the patients are mostly male, live in villages, and age 10-19.
Mahin Farahmand, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Davood Mehrabani,
Volume 15, Issue 10 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men which its incidence rate and associated mortality and morbidity are on the rise. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Fars province between 2003 and 2008 years. Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, using Fars province cancer registry data, the incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 people and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) was measured by direct method using the world standard population. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16, and Microsoft Excel, version 2007. Cochrane Armitage Test for linear trend was used for evaluation of the incidence trend by running Winpepi software. Results: Over a 6-year period, 1212 cases were recorded in Fars province. The ASR of prostate cancer in these six years was 4.69, 7.16, 15.09, 14.04, 16.65 and 16.02, respectively, which revealed significantly increasing trends. The highest incidence rate was observed in 80 and upper age group. Conclusion: The ASR of prostate cancer in Fars province is significantly lower than other parts of the world, especially in more developed countries. This can be due to absence of screening programs and/or cancer registry.
Zahra Fazeli, Mahbobe Najafian Zade, Babak Eshtati, Amir Almasi Hashiani,
Volume 16, Issue 11 (2-2014)
Abstract
Background: The prevalence and incidence of cancer in different parts of the world have different patterns. To recognize the frequency of malignancies in different social groups according to climatic conditions is considered as the primary component of prevention programs at different levels. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology, survival rates and geographical epidemiology of breast cancer in Markazi province.
Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, needed data were obtained from cancer registration program and death registration data. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16 and Winpepi and significant level was 0.05. And to draw a map to show the breast cancer incidence rate in Markazi district, Arc view software was used.
Results: Out of the 400 cases recorded during the 5-year, 8.5% died due to breast cancer. 5-year survival rate was 87% and there was a significant correlation between survival rate and age. Most records were related to the age group 49-40 years and the highest incidence rate was in Arak. The trends of incidence rate was not significant.
Conclusion: The results showed that 5-year breast cancer survival rate is more than some other places which could be due to new and improved methods of treatment and methods of screening and early detection of disease. Other aspects of the epidemiology of the disease is similar to other parts of Iran.
Saeid Razi, Hamid Salehiniya, Mehri Fathali Loy Dizaji,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of deaths in the world. Cancer incidence and prevalence is increasing in the world. There is no clear trend is available on incidence of these cancers in Iran, therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of 10 common cancers among Iranian women from 2003 to 2009.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing existing data. Data from a national registry of cancer cases were received. Data included the records from the cancer registry system in Iranian women during 2003 to 2009. The incidence rates were then standardized using direct method. We used Cochrane Armitage Test for linear trend by Winpepi software to determine the variation in the incidence of cancers.
Results: The results show that the proportion of all cancers is rising in women as compared to all population. Breast, skin, colorectal, gastric, esophageal, thyroid, leukemia, ovary, brain and uterus were the most common cancer among Iranian women. During the years of the survey, these cancers are significantly increased.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the incidence of cancer in women is increased. screening programs can be useful in reducing the cancers.
Fatemeh Koohi, Mostafa Enayatrad, Hamid Salehiniya,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background: Cancer in the elderly is rising increasingly. According to the population structure in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a study to examine the epidemiology and trends in cancer incidence in the elderly in Iran. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and trends in cancer incidence in Iranian elderly from 2003 to 2009.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing existing data obtained from the National Cancer Registry System in Iran. In this stucly, all records of elderly cancer cases in Iran during 2003 to 2009 were investigated. The age- specific incidence rates of reported cases were estimated by using direct standardization method and the world standard population. We used Cochrane Armitage Test for linear trend by Winpepi software to study the trends in cancer incidence.
Results: stuolying statistics of Cancer Registry center shows that the incidence of cancer increases with age and most cases of cancer occur commonly in elderly people (aged over 60), so that, the highest number of cancer cases diagnosed in people aged 80-84, but it decreases after the age of 85. The most common cancer among the elders, in this period (2003-2009), was the skin cancer. Also, according to the statistics, cancers are more prevalent among older men than older women.
Conclusion: with due attention to the results, the trend of incidence of cancer and its various types in the elders is increasing with age. The implementation of screening programs and necessary trainings in the field of early detection and the avoidance of exposure to risk factors to reduce the risk of cancer in Iranian elderly can be useful.
Mohsen Ebrahimi Monfared, Keyvan Qasami, Ali Reza Rezaei Ashtiani, Elaheh Kazemeini,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Migraine is one of the prevalent disabling disorders. Considering geographical differences in reported epidemiology and improving patients care, the aim of the present study was to evaluate epidemiologic, demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with migraine headache in Arak.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive study was conducted on patients with migraine headache referred to the neurology clinics of Vali-Asr and Imam Reza hospitals of Arak for 6 months. A questionnaire containing the demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data was filled by patients. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS 18.
Results: Among 820 patients with headache, 92 (11.21%) subjects were confirmed to have migraine headaches. Of the 92 patients, 54.3% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean age was 36.9±9.2 years old and 50% were married. The most common migraine triggers were stress (78.2%), sleep disturbances (65.2%), and fatigue (63%). The mean frequency of headaches was 6.9±3.5 attacks per month with an average duration of 11.1±4.5 hours per attack.
Conclusion: According to our results, the prevalence of migraine in women is more than in men. Dizziness, visual disturbances, nausea, no aura, headache is one-sided and pulsating are significantly accompanied by migraine. The number of consumed sedative pills in the month, brain imaging and a monthly fee of headache were significant. In total, clinical characteristics of migraine headaches in our patients were nearly compatible with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria.
Elnaz Abbasi, Javad Javaheri, Hamid Momeni, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Shigella species are one of the main causes of dysentery. This study aimed to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella species isolated from infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A total of 54 infectious diarrhea samples obtained from patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study from June 2017 through November 2018. The infectious diarrhea samples were cultured to XLD, MacConkey agar and GN Broth. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were determined.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.307 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: Out of 54 infectious diarrhea samples, 11 (20.3%) with Shigella spp were identified using culture media. S. sonnei 9(81.8%) and S. flexneri 2(18.1%) were the single species found. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for cotrimoxazole 11(100%), ampicillin 10(90.9%), cefixime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone 9(81.8%). In this study, 8 (72.7%) of the isolates were ESBL and 1 (9%) were AmpC positive.
Conclusion: This study showed that Shigell spp are the main bacterial agent causing dysentery in infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran. This should be taken into consideration by infectious specialists especially during empirical treatment.
