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  Introduction: The increasing use of EMF (electromagnetic field) generating apparatus (refrigerators, computers, TV, etc) caused an increasing interest in investigations of its adverse effects on human health. This study is done to investigate the effects of EFM on Balb/c mice.

  Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study in which at first a circuit generating low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 15G) was designed. Then adult virgin female mice were placed in coil and exposed to 15 gauss electromagnetic field for 4 day and 6 hour per day. Then their blood was examined to assay the level of hormones (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone). Also ovary and uterus sections were studied with light & electronic microscope.

  Results : Results showed that the weight and size of ovary was not significantly affected in females exposed to the low frequency electromagnetic field and their offspring. Our results also showed that the number of ovary follicles were significantly affected in exposed females (p<0.05). Also the study of micrographs showed hetrochromatinated oocytes and follicular cells and increasing polysomes, accumulation of mitochondria and cleft nucleus. Decreasing amount of FSH, LH and 50% decrease in couplation rate was also seen as compared with the control group.

  Conclusion: Results of this study is indicator of EFM effects on gonads^, structure and endocrine system and decreases fertility.

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Introduction: The increasing use of the electromagnetic field producer sets in daily living causes concerns about these waves on human health. The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on induction of chromosomal damages on bone marrow erythrocytes of male Balb/C mouse has been investigated in this research. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study in which the laboratory system of producing electromagnetic with low frequency (50 Hz) was used. Five week old male Balb/C mice were divided into three controls, sham-exposed and experimental groups. The experimental mice exposed were exposed to electromagnetic field (50 gauss) for 4 days (12 hours/day). After treatment, the chromosomal damages were assessed using micronucleus test in polychromatic erythrocytes and resultant quantity data were analyzed using t and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Results showed that frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes of experimental group (14/35±1/589) was more than Sham-exposed (8/958±1/049) and control group (7/65±0/768) significantly (p<0/05). Conclusion: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) causes chromosomal damages induction in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow male Balb/C mouse.

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Background: Noticing the daily advancement of the role of electromagnetic field generators in human life, examination of the biologic impacts of these waves has come to be extensively appreciated by researchers. During pregnancy, vitamin A is extremely essential for the development of fetus and its lack, insufficiency or excess can result in embryonic malformations. This study investigated the synergetic effects of vitamin A and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the development of embryo skin in Balb/C mice. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental in nature. Eighteen pregnant mice were divided into control, sham-exposed and experimental groups. The mice in the experimental group were given an intra-peritoneal injection of 15000 IU/kg vitamin A on the 10.5th day of gestation and were, then, exposed to a 50Hz electromagnetic field 4 hours a day from 10 through 12th day of gestation. The animals were dissected and investigated morphologically and histologically on 17.5th day of gestation. Results: The results showed an increase in the mean weight of fetuses in the experimental group in comparison to the sham- exposed group (p<0.05). Also, Crown-Rump of fetuses in the experimental group increased in comparison to those in the sham- exposed group (p<0.001). Epidermis thickness increased significantly in experimental group in comparison to sham- exposed (p<0.05), while the average number of basal, spinous cells and hair follicles decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the sham- exposed (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that vitamin A usage and synergetic exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (50Hz) profoundly affect the development and growth of skin epidermis in the fetus of Balb/C mouse.

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Background: In recent decades, with the increasing use of devices generating electromagnetic fields in modern industrial societies, the study of biological effect of these waves on the many organisms development has been considered by government and scientific organizations all over the world. Many people in all hours of their life are exposed to boarding electromagnetic fields of devices in their life and work places, with different intensities and frequencies. This presence of a significant relationship between the increase of some diseases and genetic aberrations and electromagnetic fields is one of the most important issues for researchers that has created many concerns regarding the adverse effects of electromagnetic fields. The findings of some studies indicate that this field does not have enough energy to damage biological molecules, while other researchers believe that electromagnetic fields by affecting cellular stress response and other protective mechanisms cause genetic cell damage. Some studies express that the electromagnetic field are safe alone, but they enhance the genotoxic function of physical and chemical environmental pollutants.

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Introduction: Harmine is an alkaloid from the carboline family, belonging to the harmal plant, which has extensive applications in traditional medicine, with numerous studies highlighting its anti-cancer effects. Since biological processes are influenced by electromagnetic fields, the current study examined the anti-cancer effects of harmine and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the expression of COX2, VEGF, and MMP-2 genes in the A2780 cell line.
Methods: In this experimental-laboratory study, ovarian cancer cell lines were randomly divided into four groups: control, harmine at concentrations of 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 micromolar, low-frequency electromagnetic field with an intensity of 50 Gauss, and harmine at a concentration of 48 micromolar with a low-frequency electromagnetic field of 50 Gauss intensity. Their toxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, nuclear morphological changes by DAPI staining, apoptotic effects of these compounds by measuring nitric oxide (NO), and gene expression changes by Real-Time PCR. Quantitative data were analyzed the ANOVA statistical test at a P < 0.05 level.
Results: Quantitative data comparison of this research indicated that harmine and a low-frequency electromagnetic field with an intensity of 50 Gauss caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, in the nitric oxide test, a significant decrease was found in the control group compared to the groups treated with a concentration of 48 micromolar and synergized with a 50 Gauss electromagnetic field (p<0.05). The expression of the aforementioned genes in treated cells showed a significant decrease. Treating ovarian cancer cells with harmine and its combined application led to significant nuclear morphological changes, including chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and wrinkling of the cell membrane.
Conclusions: The combined application of harmine and a low-frequency electromagnetic field induced apoptosis in A2780 cancer cells and resulted in the downregulation of COX2, VEGF-A, and MMP-2 gene expression. Consequently, the combined use of harmine with a low-frequency electromagnetic field, due to its effective cytotoxicity in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis, could be a suitable candidate for clinical studies.