Showing 17 results for Dna
Farideh Karymi, Farhadie Langaraoudi, Ali Akbar Poorfathollah, Hosein Jalali Khou,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2000)
Abstract
DNA analysis by flow cytometry is one of novel techniques recently introduce of utilize in routine clinical diagnosis laboratories , generally, there is an wverall agreement between DNA status and chromosomal content of cells, so with DNA analysis especially in neoplastic diseases, one coukd find the ploidy feature and number of cells which are in synthetic phase (S-phase fraction) and also cellular kinetics in select neoplasia, which are charactristics findings and factors that could be used as prognostic markers for predicting clinical behaviour and monitoring response to treatment protocol. In this study, we measured DNA content in eighty eight (88_ malignant lymphopreliferation diseases including 58 NHL and 30 HD diagnosed histopathologycally, by flow cytometry using Hedley method, Also immunohistochemical staining for proper immunophenotyping done in selected cases with ABC method with MoAb,s. Aneuploidy were 38% in NHL and 47% in HD patients. This occurance was unrelated to other parameters used as Age, tumor location and histologic subtypes. (P>0.05) S-phase fraction (SPF) measurement calculated as percentage of cellw in active phase and proligeration index determinations reveral higher frequency of SPF (PI) within Iranian patients rather than reported Western patients. This finding can account for lower survival rate and poor response to chemotherapy and (or radiotherapeutic regimen used in Iranian patients, but also other parameters in this regard also should be considered simultaneously.
Zahra Honarkar , Moayed Alaviyan, Shahram Samiei, Keyvan Saeedfar, Mahnaz Baladast, Rahim Aghazadeh, Mohammad Reza Zali,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Hidden hepatitis B is a condition in which the surface antigen of hepatitis B in the patient's serum is negative but the DNA of the hepatitis B virus is detected in the serum or liver tissue. In this study, the prevalence of latent hepatitis B in chronic hepatitis C patients and their biochemical and histological changes were investigated.
method: In this descriptive study, target sampling was performed so that 27 chronic hepatitis C patients whose HBsAg was negative and during 2001 and 2002 to two hepatitis centers of Tehran and Research Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases of Shahid University of Medical Sciences Beheshti came in and underwent liver sampling. On the hepatic paraffinic block of these patients, polymerase chain reaction tests were performed for the presence of HBVDNA, as well as immunohistochemical tests for the presence and detection of HBsAg and central hepatitis B antigen.
Results: Of the 27 PCR samples examined, patients reported positive HBVDNA in 5 cases (19%). In all of these patients, IHC tests were reported to be negative for HBsAg and HBcAg. Histological changes of cirrhosis and irreversible cirrhosis symptoms were seen only in the HBVDNA group.
Conclusion: The prevalence of latent hepatitis B is relatively high in patients with hepatitis C. In these patients, latent hepatitis B can exacerbate liver damage and accelerate the progression of cirrhosis.
Maryam Tajabady Ebrahimi, Mohamad Amin Hejazy, Reza Ghafary, Parvaneh Jafari,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: In order to selected indigenous potential probiotic bacteria, we surveyed antagonistic activities of 22 strains of acid and bile tolerant Lactobacillus, isolated from traditional dairy products by biochemical and molecular methods. Methods and Materials: In a fundamental practical study assessment of antimicrobial activity of this strain with neutrallized and Dual layer two methods against bacterial pathogene such as E-coli, L.monocytogenes, S.auteus and Y.entercolitica was done. These strain were identified with two methods for determining of biochemical and sequence of 16Sr DNA. Results: Dual layer method based on the growth of zone diameter were estabilished in three groups of strains inhibitors, semi inhibitors and non inhibitors. Neutralize method around well acidic extract containing strains C5i4, Y144, K213, C4i2, C612 and neutral extract C5i4 zone blight strains was observed. Based on the results, sequence area 16Sr DNA of four strains inclulde C4i2, C1d2, Y2c4, D3b1 indicator bacteria that revealed the highest percentage of inhibitor effect of bacterial indicators, were duplicate and sequency. So four strains L.Bacilus Pentosus, L.Bacillus Bervis and L. Bacillus Paraplantarum, were indentifed respectivey. Conclusion: It seems that indigenous lactobacillus from Iranian dairy products have potential as probiotics. So use of them as bio preservative prevent food bacterial contamination.
Hamid Abtahi, Ali Hatef Salmanian, Sima Rafati, Ghassem Mossayebi, Ali Reza Amouzande,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Brucella is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Since Brucella brings about health and socio-economic problems, its control is of primary importance. The common method of vaccination includes using live attenuated strains of this bacterium. This study was done to evaluate the immunogenicity of Brucella aburtus P39 gene in Balb/c mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, P39 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and after extraction, it was sub-cloned to eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. The intramuscular injection of the obtained plasmid to the Balb/c mice was done in three stages. After the last vaccination, immunologic tests, such as proliferative response in lymphocytes, IFN- assessment, IL-5, and determination of IgG2a and IgG1, were run.
Results: The level of activation in splenic lymphocytes response was 3.6 and the measured IFN- was 3 ng/ml, whereas IL-5 was insignificant. IgG2a and IgG1 titers were 1.640 and 1.40, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of the immunological analysis show the appropriate immune response in Balb/c mice model after the injection of P39 gene containing plasmid. The immune system response was in Th1 form which decreased the number of bacteria in spleen. Therefore, P39 gene is of appropriate immunogenicity and DNA vaccination is efficient in the activation of cell immune response against this bacterium.
Haadi Peeridogaheh, Zahra Valinezhad, Farhad Pourfarzi,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Human brucellosis is a significant public health concern in many countries, including Iran. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic techniques, with high sensitivity and minimum risk of laboratory infection are of great importance. PCR is one of the procedures which has these advantages. However, PCR efficiency is largely dependent on DNA extraction methods. In this study, we studied the efficiency of three different extraction methods of brucella DNA in serum samples.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, microbial suspensions were initially prepared in saline that its turbidity was equivalent to 0.5 McFarland. Human serum samples were spiked with certain concentrations of Brucella melitensis in vitro. DNA was extracted by three methods and tested by a genus-specific PCR method.
Results: Our results showed that the cinneagen kit protocol detected brucella DNA in lower serum concentrations compared with the other protocols. Cinnagen kit could detect brucella DNA in ten-fold dilution in comparison with the other two methods.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, cinnagen kit was the preferred assay method that yields a better sensitivity for isolation of brucella DNA in serum samples.
Arezo Eshghinejad, Aliasghar Farazi, Babak Eshrati, Hamid Khalili, Mana Shojapour, Aazam Ahmadi, Mohamad Arjmandzadegan,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background: Differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex organisms were assigned to one of three genotypic groups based on the combinations of polymorphisms at katG codon 463 and gyrA codon 95. Early identification of strains belonging to any particular group is very important. This study was planned to identify major genetic groups of clinically isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 33 sputum samples were collected from tuberculosis patients of the Markazi province. DNA purification from isolated samples was performed by Chelex 100. Identification of isolates was confirmed by detection of katG gene and the mutation in KatG463 by using PCR method and RFLP respectively. Finally 620-bp of katG gene and 194-bp of gyrA gene purified from PCR product were sequenced. Results: Amplification of 620-bp fragment of katG gene was a good way to confirm the detection of bacteria as a molecular approach. Results of sequencing codon GyrA95 in combination by results of PCR-RFLP determined type of the major genetic group (MGG). Therefore it showed that among the 33 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates 12 samples were MGG 1, 15 Samples were MGG2 and 6 samples were MGG 3. Results revealed that MGG 2 was dominant form of M. tuberculosis strains of Markazi province by frequency of 45.5%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study MGG2 occurrence was more frequent among clinical strains in Markazi province that its accordance with susceptibility of these strains to conventional antibiotics is notable. In this study, three applicable benefits from the test as: MGG typing, molecular detection of M. tuberculosis and bacterial resistance to Isoniazid were proven.
Behnam Rafiee, Nader Mosavari, Ali Asghar Farazi, Razie Nazari, Rouholah Keshavarz, Keyvan Tadayon,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is an old problem that is currently considered a great challenge. Noticing Iran’s borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are among the 22 high burden countries around the world, the present study was conducted to analyze the current molecular epidemiology of TB and survey genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Markazi province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 57 sputum specimens from smear positive patients admitted to health centers in Markazi province were cultured on specific mycobacterial culture media. Genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols of WHO and digested separately by PvuII and AluI. Electrophoresis was performed and DNA fragments were transferred to positively charged nylon membrane by southern blotting method and hybridization by PGRS probe. The hybridized strains were subsequently detected by enzymatic reaction and analyzed. Results: Genotyping of the isolates by PGRS-RFLP with Pvu II and AluI displayed a wide range of genetic diversity so that 50 and 45 genotypes were identified, respectively. Conclusion: Noticing the great diversity of PGRS in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, it can be concluded that in the study population, the majority of the patients hadtuberculosis with different etiologies. Therefore, it seems that reactivation of latent infection has had the main role in the spread of tuberculosis
Farid Firouzbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad Hosein Afsarian, Saeedeh Hooshangi , Hamid Badali,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Saprolegniasis is an important aquatic fungal disease that causes severe damages at different growth stages of aquatic animals. Saprolegnia parasitica has been identified as an important pathogen in aquaculture. This study was investigated the activity of antifungal methanolic extracts of Foeniculum vulgare, Achillea millefolium, Satureja hortensis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, as well as Artemisia annua essential oil against S. parasitica in comparison with formalin.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, Saprolegnia parasitica originated from rainbow trout’s farm effluent. Phenotypic identification was performed and amplification of ITS rDNA region was adjusted by using of two general primers like ITS1 and ITS4, subsequently sequencing by use of internal primer were performed. The antifungal effects of the plants were investigated based on broth microdilution method and compared by formalin.
Results: The results of sequencing verified the obtained fungus is S. parasitica. In broth microdilution method, the essential herb Artemisia inhibited the growth of S. parasitica at a concentration of 128 &mug/ml (MIC = 128 &mug/ml). At the same concentration, however, it did not show any fungicidal activity (MFC &ge 2048 &mug/ml). Methanolic extracts of the plants fennel, yarrow, Savory, and cinnamon displayed no direct effects on S. parasitica.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the present study, Artemisia can be classified as a powerful antifungal essential plant. The essence of Artemisia performed more effectively compared to formalin for the growth inhibition of S. parasitica.
Aram Ahmadi, Rajab Ali Sadrkhanlou, Abbas Ahmadi,
Volume 17, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Male fertility depends on the proper function of a complex system of organs which plays an important role in spermatogenesis. In this study the effects of sulpiride-administration were assessed by means of sperm parameters and in vitro fertilization potential.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study thirty adult male mice were divided into 3 groups as test, control-sham and control. The test group were injected with 40 mg/kg sulpiride solution daily for 45 days IP. Sham mice were injected by solvent only. After 45 days, all mice were dispatched by cervical dislocation consequence of unconsciousness. Cauda epididymis were used to collect sperm cells and assess their motility, viability and DNA integrity. The rate of in vitro fertilization and embryonic development were also examined.
Results: In comparison with sham and control groups, sperm motility and viability rate showed a significant reduction in the sulpiride-administered animals. Rate of DNA damage increased which gives rise to a remarkable reduction of fertilization rate, zygote division, blastocysts number, and significant increase of arrested embryos in sulpiride treated mice (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Data suggest that following sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia, induction of spermatogenesis dysfunction, causes low sperm quality that accompanies a significant lower fertility potential and embryonic development in comparison with the sham and control groups.
Leila Pishraft Sabet, Katayoun Samimi Rad, Azam Bolhasani, Mahin Ahangar-Oskouee,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: Hypervariability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins is an important obstacle to design an efficient vaccine for the infection. To construct a protective vaccine against HCV, a DNA vaccine containing conserved epitopes of the virus was designed. To enhance the induced immune responses, adjuvant activity of N-terminal domain of gp96 (NT(gp96)) was used.
Materials and Methods: A multi-epitope (PT) DNA vaccine encoding four HCV immunodominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes (HLA-A2 and H2-Dd) from Core, E2, NS3 and NS5B antigens in addition to a T-helper CD4+ epitope from NS3 protein and a B-cell epitope from E2 protein was designed and constructed. Then, NT(gp96) was fused to the PT DNA (PT-NT(gp96)). The stimulated cellular and humoral immune responses of PT and PT-NT(gp96) were evaluated in mice model.
Results: According to multicolor flow cytometry assay, the frequency of CD8+ T-cells producing IFNγ and TNFα in the splenocytes of immunized mice with PT-NT(gp96) (6.8%, 4%) was significantly higher than those of immunized with PT (0.9% , 0.8%), respectively. The same results have obtained in hepatic lymphocytes of the vaccinated mice. The level of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in the mice vaccinated with PT-NT (gp96) was significantly higher than the value obtained from the mice immunized with PT.
Conclusion: The results showed that PT DNA vaccine induces immune responses in mice model. Fusion of NT (gp96) to PT DNA vaccine causes to enhance cellular and humoral immune responses against HCV compared to sole PT vaccine.
Saeid Amini Rarani, Ahmad Ghadami, Ali Akbar Malekirad, Hojatollah Yousefi, Kourosh Mani,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Operating room personnel are subject to occupational hazards which could lead to an increase in free radicals and develop various diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of consuming green tea on the improvement of the blood oxidative biomarkers in operating room personnel who are exposed to anesthetic gases.
Materials and Methods: This study was a before-after clinical trial which was conducted on 24 operating room personnel. They were invited to consume 4 cups of a green tea beverage, prepared from 3 g of green tea leaves in 300 mL of boiled water (at 80˚ C), daily for 8 weeks. Then, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), DNA damage, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in the plasma were measured in order to evaluate the level of oxidative stress biomarkers before and after consuming green tea.
Results: Green tea consumption by operating room personnel brought about a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and a considerable decrease in myeloperoxidase and DNA damage.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, green tea consumption as an antioxidant supplement by operating room personnel, who are regularly exposed to anesthetic gases, can minimize oxidative stress and DNA damage considerably. Thus, it is advisable for operating room personnel to consume green tea as a natural antioxidant supplement.
Mokhtar Nosrati, Zahra Shakeran, Zainab Shakeran,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a significant global health problem and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, currently, introducing novel anti Hepatitis B drugs is taken into consideration. This study was planned to in silico screening novel Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase inhibitors from two medicinal plants Terminalis chebula and Caesalpinia sappan.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. In the study, three-dimensional structure of the Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase was predicted using homology modeling method. A set of phytochemicals from mentioned plants were retrieved from Pubchem database in SDF format. In silico screening was carried out using molecular docking between mentioned phytochemicals and modeled polymerase by iGemdock 2.1 software.
Results: Results of the study confirmed that all evaluated ligands have appropriate interactions to the polymerase with least toxicity and without genotoxicity potential. Results also showed that most interactions occur in reverse transcriptase domain which located in 354-694 area in the amino acid sequence of tested polymerase. Analysis of energy and amino acids involved in ligand-polymerase interaction revealed that Terchebin, Chebulinic Acid and Terflavin A have more effective interaction with the polymerase in compared to other ligands.
Conclusion: Based on the results it can be concluded that evaluated compounds could be good candidates for in vitro and in vivo research in order to develop novel anti- Hepatitis B drugs.
Ali Asghar Ghafarizadeh, Gholamhassan Vaezi, Seyed Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh, Ali Akbar Malekirad,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (9-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In Asthenoteratozoospermic men, low motility, defected DNA and highly oxidative stress in sperm cause poor assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Vitamin E (Vit E), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm motility, viability and DNA integrity at different times of in vitro incubation (after 2, 4 and 6-h) to improve asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples for ART.
Materials and Methods: Asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples of 50 volunteers were collected and examined. Each sample was divided into two groups of control and vitamin E (2mM) and kept in the 37 °C and 6 % CO2 for 2, 4 and 6 hours. After this incubation, sperm motility, viability and sperm DNA fragmentation (SCD) were evaluated in each group. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement of ANOVA and T-test. The means were considered significantly different at p<0.05.
Results:Significant decrease in total and progressive motility and viability as well as significant increase in sperm DNA damage (after 6h of incubation) were found in control group vs. the control group before incubation (p<0.05). The sperm motility and viability was significantly higher in vitamin E group compared to untreated control group (p<0.05). Our results also showed that DNA fragmentation significantly was lower after 6h of vitamin E treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In vitro supplementation of vitamin E in asthenoteratozoospermia semen samples may protect spermatozoa from maltreatment effect of ROS during sperm sampling via keeping enzymatic and antioxidant process in optimum condition.
Tahereh Yahya, Shohreh Zare Karizi, Ali Jahanian,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: DNA-based computing is an emerging research aspect that enables the in-vivo computation and decision making with significant correctness. Recent papers show that the expression level of miRNAs are related to the progress status of some diseases such as cancers and DNA computing is introduced as a low cost and concise technique for detection of these biomarkers. In this paper, DNA-based logic gates are implemented in the laboratory to detect the level of miR-21 as the biomarker of cancer.
Materials and Methods: At the first, required strands for designing DNA gates are synthesized. Then, double stranded gate is generated in laboratory using a temperature gradient that followed by electrophoresis process. This double strand is the computation engine for detecting the miR-21 biomarker. miR-21 is as input in designed gate. At the end, the expression level of miR-21 is identified by measuring the generated fluorescent.
Results: at the first stage, the proposed DNA-based logic gate is evaluated by using the synthesized input strands and then it is experimented on a tumor tissue. Experimental results on synthesized strands show that its detection quality/correctness is 2.5x better than conventional methods.
Conclusion: Experimental results on the tumor tissues are successful and are matched with those are extracted from real time PCR results. Also, the results show that this method is significantly more suitable than real time PCR in view of time and cost.
Hamed Tahmasebi, Sanaz Dehbashi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Gene mutation in Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of antibiotic-resistant strains. The High Resolution Melting Curve (HRM) analysis of DNA method can detect these mutations very high quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of clinical sample type in the occurrence of nucleotide mutations in the mecA gene of S. aureus by HRM method.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 43 clinical isolates of S. aureus were used. To detect possible mutations, isolates with mecA gene were replicated and sequenced. Then, analysis was performed using StepOne Software v2.3 and HRM v3.0.1 software. Sequencing results were used as gold-standard.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.637 has been approved by research ethics committee at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: Of 43 clinical isolates of S. aureus, 11 isolates (25.58%) had mecA gene and 32 isolates (47.41%) lacked the mecA gene. According to different clinical samples, 3 isolates (27.27%) were resistant to methicillin from blood samples, 2 isolates (18.18%) from urine specimens, 2 isolates (18.18%) from wound samples, 2 isolates (18.18%) of the catheter samples, 1 isolate (9.09%) of the abscess and 1 isolate (9.09%) were separated from the nose swab. In the meanwhile, isolates from the wound and urine had the highest mutation in the adenine amino acid as A → T, A → G, A → C, and
A → X. Isolates taken from blood have mutations in Guanine amino acid as
G → A.
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between type of mutation and type of clinical specimen in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Marziyeh Tavalaee , Nasim Eskandari, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Globozoospermia is a severe sperm morphological abnormality in men that characterized by round-headed spermatozoa with low or absence acrosome structure in their sperm samples. In these men, high level of DNA damage and abnormal chromatin packaging also were reported. These deficiencies can consider as the main etiologies of infertility in these infertile men. The aim of this article is to study the sperm chromatin structure in infertile men with globozoospermia.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review article, 77 articles related to protamine deficiency, DNA damage, aneuploidy in globozoospermic men were collected via data bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus since 1971-2017.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ACECR.ROYAN.REC.1396.204 have been approved at research ethics committee of Royan Institute.
Findings: Mean percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were significantly higher in infertile men with globozoospermia compared to fertile men. While, the results of chromosome aneuploidy were controversial in infertile men with globozoospermia within studies.
Conclusion: In addition to abnormal acrosome formation, as main etiology of failed fertilization, in infertile men with globozoospermia, high level of sperm abnormal chromatin packaging and DNA damage can be also involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, antioxidant therapy before intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection technique were suggested for these individuals to minimize sperm chromatin damage.
Fatemeh Sharafi Bajgan, Reza Safari, Maryam Nejat Dehkordi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tamoxifen is a group of drugs of selective estrogen receptor modulators, and is one of the drugs effective in the prevention and treatment of some cancers (such as breast cancer). In this study, the interaction of tamoxifen with DNA is investigated experimentally. Also, the electronic structure (at atomic scale) of the molecular system of tamoxifen was theoretically investigated, using atom in molecule (AIM) theory.
Methods & Materials: First, in the experimental section of this study, the interaction of Tamoxifen with DNA were investigated by UV-ViS technique and hydrodynamic method (Viscometry). In addition, the analysis of the experimental results shows the obvious effect of concentration on the mechanism of how the tamoxifen molecule binds to DNA. Then, in the theoretical part of this research, using computational biophysical chemistry methods, some properties of tamoxifen molecular system, such as electronic Density of States (DOS), boundary orbital’s energy (HOMO/LUMO), Electrostatic Potential Energy (EPS) and electronic contour maps of the electron density and its Laplacian, will be calculated.
Ethical Considerations: This article is a meta-analysis with animal sample.
Results: Result of the UV-ViS spectroscopy technique and viscometry indicated hyperchromism and hypochromism effect. In addition, the result were depend on the concentration of the drug and affected the kind of binding of Tamoxifen to DNA. the analysis of computational studies on the drug tamoxifen suggests that the mechanism of the local charge/energy distribution in the molecular system of tamoxifen plays an important role in how this drug binds to DNA.
Conclusion: Based on the experimental results of UV-ViS technique and viscometry, as well as the electronic/vibrational properties of the tamoxifen molecular system, it was defined that the Tamoxifen interacts significantly with all the binding sites of DNA.
