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Background: Two of the most common complaints of patients who refer red to ophthalmology clinic are headache and asthenopia which are induced or intensified by exodeviation. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between exodeviation and headache or asthenopia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sampling method, was screening of patients who referred to ophthalmology clinic with headache and asthenopia in 2006. Inclusion criteria were age above three, rejection of other causes of headache and asthenopia. Also, patients with organic headaches such as tumor were eliminated from the study. A questionnaire was provided for the patients and Cover-uncover test was also conducted for determining the existence of exotropia. Results: Of 206 patients, participating in this study, 90.77% had exotropia and the majority of them were female. The most common symptom in these patients was headache. A direct relationship was observed between both headache and asthenopia with exodeviation. Exodeviation also had a direct relationship with gender. Conclusion: Noticing the direct relationship between headache and asthenopia with exodeviation in patients referring with such complaints, exodeviation examinations must be done in order to prescribe surgical or non surgical treatments asneeded.