---

Background: There is some evidence of antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Apium graveolens fruits in some recent studies. In present study, the possible mechanism of this effect of extract has been evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male mice were examined. To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of extract, formalin test was used. The possible mechanism of extract was investigated with interaction of 3 drugs [Naloxone (2mg/kg), Dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg), L-NAME (20 mg/kg)] and Hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits.(400 mg/kg) Results: Administration of Naloxone had no effect on antinociception of Hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits. There was no significant difference between Dextromethorphan Plus extract and extract group in first phase. Pretreatment with L-NAME, decreased antinociceptive effect of extract in second phase of formalin test(p<0.05) Conclusion: Dextromethorphan has analgesic effect in acute phase and its interaction with hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens fruits shows at least, part of antinoceceptive effect of extract is via NMDA receptors in acute phase. On the other hand, it seems part of antinoceceptive effect of extract is via inhibition of NO syntheses in chronic phase. Extract of Apium graveolens may be effect via other neural pathways such as dopamine, noradrenalin or serotonin that need more research.

---

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and change in lifestyle represents a successful strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the present study investigated the combined effects of regulae Pilates training and Apium Graveolens seed supplement on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in sedentary women.

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 healthy sedentary woman with age average 31±5.5 years old are selected in a convenience sampling way and randomely divided into and control, exercise, supplement and exercise+supplement groups. Pilates exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 80% maximal heart rate in, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Supplement and exercise+supplement groups consumed 1.3 gr Apium Graveolens seed capsule three times a day after meals. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hours after the last interventions. MCP-1 and CRP levels were measured by ELISA method.

Results: Eight weeks of Pilates exercise, supplementation and the combined intervention were associated with a significant increase in MCP-1 and CRP levels (p<0.05). Furthermore Pilates exercise and combined intervention were associated with significantly greater increases in percent changes of the MCP-1 and CRP compared to supplement group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the protective effect of Pilates exercise and Apium Graveolens seed supplementation non-drug interventions might in part be due to suppression of the inflammatory processes.