Elnaz Abbasi, Javad Javaheri, Hamid Momeni, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Shigella species are one of the main causes of dysentery. This study aimed to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella species isolated from infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A total of 54 infectious diarrhea samples obtained from patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study from June 2017 through November 2018. The infectious diarrhea samples were cultured to XLD, MacConkey agar and GN Broth. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were determined.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.307 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: Out of 54 infectious diarrhea samples, 11 (20.3%) with Shigella spp were identified using culture media. S. sonnei 9(81.8%) and S. flexneri 2(18.1%) were the single species found. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for cotrimoxazole 11(100%), ampicillin 10(90.9%), cefixime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone 9(81.8%). In this study, 8 (72.7%) of the isolates were ESBL and 1 (9%) were AmpC positive.
Conclusion: This study showed that Shigell spp are the main bacterial agent causing dysentery in infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran. This should be taken into consideration by infectious specialists especially during empirical treatment.
Masoomeh Sofian, Elahe Eghbal, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Amitis Ramezani, Pegah Mohaghegh,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim Clostridium difficile is the main cause of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) in the hospital setting. Today, the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AAD and colitis is increasing. In this study, we investigated the effect of probiotic yogurt on the frequency of Clostridium difficile.
Methods and Materials In this randomized clinical trial study, 132 elderly patients admitted to the infectious ward of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak, who were under antibiotic treatment, were randomly divided into two groups, case (yogurt probiotic, 200 mg/d for 8 days) and control group (common yogurt). All patients were trained about the signs of colitis. We evaluated the colitis signs and the presence of Clostridium difficile by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and compared them between the groups. The obtained data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests in SPSS V. 16.
Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: 10-165-93). Also, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT2016092229915N1).
Results Clostridium difficile was detected in 4 (6.1%) patients of the case, and 1 (1.5%) patient of the control group, at the beginning of the study. There was no significant difference between the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome between two groups at the end of the study (P>0.05).
Conclusion Probiotic yogurt has no significant effect in reducing the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome in our study.
