Showing 31 results for Pon
Bahram Abedi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsood Peeri, Mohammad Javad Rasaee,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background: The effects of acute and chronic exercises on insulin resistance index may be related to one or more factors, including morphological changes and hormonal modifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single session of resistance training on adiponectin levels and insulin resistance until 24 hours post-exercise.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study, which followed a pretest-posttest design, was conducted on a group of 10 healthy male volunteers (23±1.4 years) with no history of participation in any regular exercise programs, weight changes more than 2 kg, special diseases, and smoking over the past 6 months that had normal body mass index (BMI) (23.7±1.6 kg.m-2). The subjects performed a single session resistance training (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1 repetition maximum). Adiponectin, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index levels were measured before and 24 hours after the exercise.
Results: There were no significant differences for adiponectin (μ g.ml-1) pre- (6.98±1.9) and post-exercise (8.07±1.4) and glucose (mg.dl-1) pre- (81.3±7.6) and post-exercise (80.7±6.4). However, insulin resistance index pre- (1.34±0.27) and post-exercise (1.06±0.11) and insulin concentration (UΙμ.ml-1) pre-(6.64±0.88) and post-exercise (5.37±0.43) decreased significantly 24 hours post-exercise (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested that a single session of resistance training with no significant changes in adiponectin level can have positive effects on glycemic indices in sedentary men.
Mohammad Narimani, Saeed Ariapooran, Abbas Abolghasemi, Batool Ahadi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background: Mindfulness and emotion regulation have important effects on the variables related to mental health in chemical weapons victims. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training on the affect and mood in chemical weapons victims. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted with two experimental groups and a control group including 47 male chemical weapons victims with high scores on the General Health Questionnaire in Sardasht city, Iran, randomly selected and then assigned to mindfulness training, emotion regulation training, and control groups. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training was used with experimental group 1, emotion regulation (ER) training was implemented with experimental group 2, and the control group received no training. Data were gathered using the General Health Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect and Depression-Happiness scales. Analysis of variance with repeated measure was used for analyzing the data. Results: The results indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training significantly increased positive affect and mood and decreased negative affect in chemical weapons victims. Conclusion: The results supported the effectiveness of mindfulness and emotion regulation training on affect and mood in chemical victims. Therefore, attention to the effectiveness of mindfulness and emotion regulation on variables related to mental health is important in chemical weapon victims.
Maryam Delphi, Mahsa Bakhit, Mojtaba Tavakoli, Ali Nikkhah, Azadeh Saki,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background: ASSR is the latest threshold detection technology in pediatric audiology. The aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which ASSR thresholds correlate with click-ABR thresholds.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32 children ranging in age from birth to 7 years were evaluated by ASSR and ABR in moderate to severe and severe to profound hearing loss groups.
Results: The correlation coefficients for frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000, mean of 2-4 and mean of 1-4 kHz were between 0.68- 0.90 in moderate to severe hearing loss and 0.79-0.96 in severe to profound hearing loss.
Conclusion: Strong correlations were found between ASSR and click-ABR thresholds in all frequencies. This correlation was greater for higher degrees of hearing loss.
Keyhan Ghatreh Samani, Effat Farrokhi, Morteza Hashemzadeh, Esfandyar Heidarian,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase1 activity shows decline in patients with coronary artery disease. The C to T change in the -107 position of promoter is the most important genetic determinant of serum levels of paraoxonase 1. Study of this polymorphism and its relationship with the type of fatty acid composition of phospholipids in HDL particles can be found in the common pursuit of better medicines and considered in drug treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 265 Patients were selected and divided in two groups based on LDL level (131 in case and 134 in control). Information of subjects were collected from questionnaire and the results of biochemistry and molecular tests. Fatty acids of HDL phospholipids were measured with Gas chromatography technic .
Results: PON1aryl esterase activity, had no significant changes after treatment with lovastatin but paraoxonase activity had more significant increases in the CC genitype of -C/T107 polymorphism. Percent of oleic acid, linoleic acid and icosapentanioc acid in HDL phospholipids were increased by lovastatin.
Conclusion: Treatment with lovastatin in the CC genotype is probably more protective effect against cardiovascular disease. Following treatment, in patients with higher paraoxanase 1 activity Oleic acid and linoleic acid have also increased in HDL phospholipids.
Babak Davoodi, Shirin Zilaei Bouri, Akram Ahangarpor, Maryam Zilaei Bouri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background: Physical activity and overweight both changethe body homeostasis for this purpose, in this study effect of two models of high and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on the amount of Adiponectin and Resistin were compared inobese and overweight females.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 obese and overweight female (Mean age: 22.93±0.54 years weight: 75.15±2.07 kg hight: 160.6±1.38 Cm BMI: 29.24±0.73kg.m-2) were randomly selected as sample. Subjects were placed into high (33 min exercise, 85-90% of max hearat rate) and moderate (41 min exercise, 50-70% of max hearat rate) intensity aerobic exercise groups. Exercises lasted three days a week for eight weeks with an equal volume of consumed energy. In order to analyze data, independent-t test and Repeated Measure analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results indicate a significant increase in Adiponectin after eight weeks of high-intensity aerobic exercise compared to moderate-intensity exercise (p=0.02). A significant reduction in fat mass and percentage was observed after moderate intensity exercise (p=0.03), too. In Addition, moderate intensity exercise caused a considerable decrease in Resistin after eight weeks (p=0.06).
Conclusion: High-intensity exercise appears to provide necessary metabolic stress to enhance Adiponectin, even without weight and fat loss.
Mohammad Mosleh Abadi Farahani, Naser Amirizadeh, Arezoo Odi, Mona Khorshidfar, Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif,
Volume 17, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are routinely used to treat patients with cancers and other disorders of blood and immune systems. Osteoblasts constitute part of the stromal cell support system in marrow for hematopoiesis by participating in the formation of the HSC niche. It is believed that interaction between hematopoietic cells and bone forming osteoblasts regulate each other’s function. It is established that acute blood loss in animal models activates bone formation and niche development because of EPO stimulation. In this experimental study we have examined the co-culture of HSCs derived from cord blood which treated with EPO in vitro, on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study MSCs isolated from bone marrow and co-cultured with CD 34+ CD38- HSCs isolated from cord blood. These co-cultured cells were treated with different doses of erythropoietin for 14 days, after that RNA were extracted from MSCs and analysed with RT-PCR to evaluate the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were done for osteoblastic differentiation.
Results: Osteopontin and osteocalcin were expressed in MSCs. Cellular staining were positive for osteoblastic differentiation. Differentiated cells expressed osteoblastic markers.
Conclusion: These data suggest that EPO regulates the osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow MSCs in vitro.
Setareh Behroozi, Farhad Mashayekhi, Mohammad Hadi Bahadori,
Volume 17, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Male infertility affecting 15% of couples. Environmental and genetic factors are involved in male infertility. Paraoxonase (PON) is an antioxidant enzyme which plays an important role in various diseases and is associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The PON gene family consists of 3 genes, PON1, PON2, and PON3, that located on the long arm of chromosome 7. In this study, the association of PON1 gene polymorphism at position 192 Q/R with idiopathic male infertility were investigated.
Materials and Methods: Blood Samples were collected from 120 patients diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility and 124 control subjects, and genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. To estimate the association between genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, P-values were assessed by Chi-square (&chi2) analysis.
Results: We observed a significant difference in genotype distributions of PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism between patients and controls (P= 0.0001). Our findings revealed individuals with the variant QR and RR had a significant decrease risk of idiopathic male infertility (RR: OR= 0.057, 95%CI=0.003-1.08, P= 0.05. QR: OR= 0.288, 95%CI= 0.132-0.394, P= 0.0001).
Conclusion: Our data indicate that the PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism maybe associated with decreased risk of idiopathic male infertility. Although more studies should be considered with larger number of patient and control subjects to confirm our results.
Narges Zamani, Mehran Farhadi, Hamin Reza Jamilian, Mojtaba Habibi,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Impulsivity is a core social pathology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to Effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy based on core distress tolerance and emotion regulation components on Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors.
Materials and Methods: Research method is a semi experimental socio-statistic approach consisting of experimental group (dialectical behavior therapy) and control group. Participants were patients referred to Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak. and who were Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors. Based on stratified random sampling, 16 patients (women) were placed in each group. Research tools included the structured diagnosis interview according to DSM-IV-TR (2000), Barrat impulsivity scale (1994) Distress Tolerance Scale (2005) Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale (2004) and dialectical behavior therapy were done for two months, 8 groups Sessions.
Results: The results of this study showed that there was significant difference between control and experimental groups after implementation of dialectical behavior therapy relying on component tolerance and regulation of emotional distress variables impulsive behavior and explosion furies (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Distress tolerance and emotion regulation components effective on Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors.
Shahin Fateh, Mohammad Naeem Bangash,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Catamenial recurrent pneumothorax is spontaneous pneumothorax in women of reproductive age, which includes 1-30% of spontaneous pneumothoraces in women and is associated with the menstrual cycle.
Case: A 39-year-old woman with sudden onset dyspnea, respiratory distress and decreased right side respiratory sounds with a history of spontaneous pneumothorax and chest tube placement one month ago. The patient's symptoms improved after chest tube placement and within less than 24 hours after onset, she began menstruating. Treatment was performed with chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline and oral danazol.
Conclusion: Catamenial pneumothorax and thoracic endometriosis should be considered in all women of childbearing age with spontaneous recurrent pneumothorax. Early detection of this syndrome can result in reduction of morbidity and mortality with recurrence episodes.
Ehsan Imani, Ali Pourmohammad,
Volume 18, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: In various researches, ICA is used for detecting and removing eye artifacts but here, for innovation, ICA algorithm is used not only for detecting eye artifacts, but also for detecting brain signals of two conceptual categories of the words Danger and Information.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, recording is done by using a Micromed device and a 19-channel helmet in unipolar mode that the Cz electrode is selected as reference electrode. The statistical community included four men and four women in the age range of 25-30. In the designed task, three groups of traffic signs are considered in which two groups refered to the concept of danger and the other one refered to the concept of information.
Results: For two of the eight volunteers, alpha waves were observed with a very high power from back of the head in the test time, but it was different in thinking time. According to this alpha waves, in changing the task from thinking to rest, it takes at least 3 and at most 5 seconds for two volunteers till they go to the absolute rest. For seven of the eight volunteers, danger and information signals well separated that these differences for five of the eight volunteers observed in the right hemisphere and for the other three volunteers in the left hemisphere.
Conclusion: ICA algorithm as one of Blind Source Seperation (BSS) algorithms is suitable for recognizing the word’s concept and its place in the brain. Achieved results from this experiment are the same as the results from other methods like fMRI and methods based on electroencephalograph (EEG) in vowel imagination and covert speech.
Mahsa Bagheri, Ali Pourmohammad, Ehsan Imani,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this research is to design a Brain-Computer Interface to discriminate the brain signals while the brain images four main directions. To be innovative, the subjects have imaged the aimed directions by power of imagination, and for the first time, the ICA algorithm has been used to detect the aimed signal and to eliminate the artifacts.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-ana alytic study, signals are recorded by using a Micromed device and a 19-channel helmet in unipolar mode. The statistical population included three persons in the age range of 25 to 30 and the designed task consisted of 24 slides of four main directions.
Results: Simulations have shown that the best classification accuracy was the outcome of the 2.5-second time windowing and the best choice for extracting features was the AR coefficients of 15 order. There was no significant difference between the classification accuracy of different implementation of the Artificial Neural Network classifier with different number of layers and neurons and different classification functions. In comparison with the Neural Network, the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) showed better classification accuracies.
Conclusion: The results of this research are in accordance with the results of the methods such as FMRI and methods based on the brain signals in vowel imagination. In this research, the best classification accuracy was obtained from the Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier by extracting the target signal from the output of the ICA algorithm and extracting the AR coefficients as feature and the 2.5-second time windowing. The Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier result the best classification accuracies.
Abbas Saremi, Samaneh Ahmadi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase are used as biological markers for cardiomyocytes and its levels in serum are used as indicators of myocardial cell injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different training protocols (runing, swimming, and pedaling training) on myocardial cell injury biomarkers in young girls.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest–posttest design, ten healthy young girls (aged 23.0±1.6 y) were selected in a convenience sampling way. The subjects performed three types of exercise in 7 days interval. Blood sample was assessed before and after the exercise sessions. Data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance.
Results: Our results indicated that creatin kinase increased significantly after three types of exercise (p<0.05). Running exercise led to greater increase in serum creatine kinase (p<0.05). Also, troponin T levels significantly were increased after three types of exercise (p<0.05), although no significant differences were observed between exercise types (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that intensive exercise is associated with cardiac damage in less trained girls and the type of exercise is determinants of the magnitude of myocardial injury biomarkers release.
Khadijeh Khosravi, Nader Zarinfar, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that causes chronic infection in humans and domestic animals. The underlying mechanisms that cause prolonged illness are complex and not fully understood. Immune responses may have an important role in the chronicity of infection. Here, we evaluated the lymphocyte proliferation responses in patients with chronic and acute brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was performed on 22 patients with acute brucellosis, 21 patients with chronic brucellosis and 21 healthy people with the similar age, sex and genetic background as control group. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated using Ficoll and the cellular proliferation was quantified in presence of antigen and phytohemaglutinin-A by MTT method.
Results: The brucella antigen-specific stimulation index in patients with chronic brucellosis was significantly lower than the acute brucellosis patients (p=0.001). Also, stimulating the lymphocytes with phytohemaglutinin-A has shown that proliferative response in patients with chronic brucellosis was lower than the other groups (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The results indicated that chronic brucellosis inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. This inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation may be due to the induction of anergy.
Darioush Moradi Farsani, Babak Alikiaei, Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron, Midazolam and metoclopramide with placebo in preventing PONV following strabismus surgery.
Material and Methods: 160 patients were allocated with simple randomization in 4 groups of 40: group ON received Ondansetrone 0.05mg/kg, MT group received Metoclopramide 0.15mg/kg, MD group received Midazolam 0.03mg/kg intravenously and group CT received the solution of NaCl 0.9% as placebo infused with the same volume and the same manner 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The patients were evaluated for nausea, vomiting, need and dosage of anti-emetic drugs, time of liquid and solid diet tolerance, drug complications and satisfaction score for the initial 24 hours after anesthesia.
Results: The frequency of nausea (p-value = 0.001< 0.05) and vomiting (p-value=0.084>0.05) was lower in ON group and both of these complications were lower in MD group compared with MT and CT group. Use of rescue antiemetic was higher in MT and CT group (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05). Patient satisfaction was higher in ON group compared with other 3 groups (p-value=0.001<0.05).
Conclusion: Prophylactic use of Ondansetron is more effective with fewer side effects than Metoclopramide and Midazolam in the prevention of PONV following strabismus surgery. Furthermore, metoclopramide was less effective and was associated with more adverse effects.
Amir Khosravi, Fatemeh Omid Ali,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The exhaustive and strenuous exercise may cause damaging effects to the heart. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Saffron stigmas aqueous extracts on serum cardiac troponin T and Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme of male rats following an exhaustive exercise.
Materials and Methods: 64 Wistar male rats were assigned into following four groups (n=16) :1) without exercise +distilled water 2 ml, 2) without exercise+ aqueous saffron extract, 50 mg/kg+ distilled water 2 ml, 3) distilled water 2 ml + 8 weeks exercise, and 4) aqueous saffron extract, 50 mg/kg +distilled water 2 ml + 8 weeks exercise.At the end of experiment, half of the rats were killed immediately before exhaustive exercise; on the other hand remaining rats were killed immediately after performing an acute bout of exhaustive exercise on the treadmill. Serum cardiac troponin T and CK-MB isoenzyme levels were measured by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Data were analyzed by one–way ANOVA.
Results: The results show that in all groups, cardiac troponin T and CK-MB isoenzyme serum levels were significantly increased following an exhaustive exercise. The lowest increase was observed in group 4 and the highest increase was observed in group 1 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of saffron extract with aerobic training is more effective than aerobic exercise or saffron extract alone in modifying the increase of serum troponin T and CK-MB isoenzyme level following an exhausting exercise.
Farzaneh Jajarmi, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Majid Kermani, Mitra Gholami,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dust was considered by researchers as one of the most important forms of air pollution. The aim of this study was to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of dust storm sources in Tehran.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in selected air sampling stations of Tehran, in the days of dust and ordinary from January 2016 for one year. The concentration of dust particles was determined by gravimetric. Heavy metal concentrations in samples after digestion were determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS-GF). Mineralogy and morphology of the dust fall particles were inspected using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and sources particles using Enrichment Factor Analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. For statistical analysis, R software was used.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IUMS.REC.1397.313 has been approved by research ethics committee at Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Findngs: The highest average particle concentration in normal days was related to the central station (122.63 µg / m3), and the lowest for the East Station (67.13 µg / m3). The highest concentrations of the elements measured in the particles are related to iron and aluminum and the lowest concentrations of chromium and nickel. Lowest amount of Enrichment Factor was obtained for iron, less than one.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the concentration of dust in center was higher than other station. Natural and human resources both play a significant role in the release of metals. By conducting further studies on the source of dust in Tehran and using the results, effective control measures can be designed and implemented.
Mehdi Rostamizadeh, Alireza Elmieh, Farhad Rahmani Nia,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Physical activity causes the releases of bone resorption indices in the bloodstream by the mechanical load on bone, which in interaction with adipokines reduces obesity and prevent its complications. So, the present study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on Anthropometric Indices and osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin levels in overweight men.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 overweight young healthy men (BMI 28.67±0.96 and age 31.50 ± 2.23) were randomly assigned to control (n = 14), aerobic exercise (n = 13) and resistance exercise (n = 13) groups. Subjects in the exercise group were on 8-week supervised exercise training programme for three sessions per week (aerobic exercise were performed at 60-85% of HRR, and resistance exercise were performed at 55-75% of 1RM). Osteocalcin and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin) were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise programme. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.RASHT.REC.1396.124 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch, Iran and also has been registered with code IRCT20180226038876N1 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT).
Findings: Aerobic and resistance training led to decrease in anthropometric indices (p<0.05), leptin levels (p<0.001, p=0.001) and increase in osteocalcin (p=0.001, p<0.001) and adiponectin (p=0.001, p<0.001), respectively. In addition, the difference between the two training groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Considering to the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on osteocalcin and adipocytokines level, it seems that both exercise methods can be increasing mechanical load on bone mass and cause to change in energy metabolism and body weight and can be an important factor in decrease of obesity complications.
Khadijeh Haghighat Gollo, Fariba Mahmoudi, Abolfazl Bayrami, Saber Zahri,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In patients suffer from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the secretion of the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) increases while adiponectin secretion and dopamine release decreases. Dopamine and adiponectin exert inhibitory effecs on LH secretion. In the present study the effects of L-dopa and dopamine receptor antagonists were investigated on LH secretion and adiponectin gene expression of in PCOS model rats to determine whether dopaminergic pathway might be involved in the decreasing LH via affecting adiponectin.
Methods & Materials: Following estradiol valerate- induced PCOS, fifteen PCOS rats were divided into 3 groups including saline receiving group, L-dopa(100 mg/kg) or simultaneous injections of sulpride(10 mg/kg), SCH23390 hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) and L-dopa(100 mg/kg), Five intact rats received saline as negative control group. Blood samples were collected via tail vein. Ovary and hypothalamus were dissected and frozen. Serum concentration of LH and relative gene expression of adiponectin in ovary and hypothalamus were determined by radioimmunoassay and real time-PCR method.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Committee of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (Code: 95.125.1).
Results: Induction of PCOS caused a significant increase in mean serum concentration of LH and a significant decrease in mean relative gene expression of ovarian and hypothalamic adiponectin compared to control group. L-dopa caused a significant decrease in serum concentration of LH, a significant decrease in hypothalamic gene expression of adiponectin compared to PCOS rats. But it did not significantly increase ovarian adiponectin gene expression in comparison to PCOS rats. Dopamine receptor antagonists inhibit the effects of L-dopa on LH and hypothalamic gene expression of adiponectin.
Conclusion: Dopaminergic signaling pathway may be involved in decreasing LH secretion via increasing hypothalamic adiponectin gene expression level in PCOS rats.
Miss Zahra Mortezaei, Dr Somayeh Rajabi, Dr Sayyed-Javad Ziaolhagh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from nerve terminals. Binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors increases the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element (CREB) protein and changes the transcription of downstream genes.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of methamphetamine induction followed by aerobic training and Berberine on dopamine receptor 4 and CREB gene expression in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted female rats during the withdrawal period.
Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 control groups, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic training, methamphetamine + Berberine, methamphetamine + aerobic training + Berberine. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine was performed for 5 days, and during the withdrawal period, aerobic training was performed for 4 weeks and simultaneously the consumption of berberine 100 mg/kg as a solution in drinking water was considered. Real Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS24 software were used at the level of 0.05 to analyze the data. The code of ethics in the research was received with number IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1402.015.
Results: The results showed that methamphetamine use caused a non-significant increase (97%) in CREB expression and a non-significant decrease (52%) in dopamine 4 receptor compared to the control group (P>0.05). The implementation of interventions during the withdrawal period, such as Berberine consumption and the combination of berberine with aerobic training, produced non-significant increasing and decreasing effects on dopamine 4 receptor gene expression and CREB in the heart of methamphetamine-addicted rats, respectively (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Short-term induction of methamphetamine did not cause significant changes in the expression of dopamine 4 receptor and CREB genes in the heart. Therefore, these genes could not undergo a significant change as a result of interventions such as Berberine and exercise. More studies are needed to investigate exact genetic changes in heart tissue.
Dr Fereshteh Amouzadeh, Dr Alireza Bahrami, Dr Mehdi Rahimzadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is very common in athletes. This study aims to investigate the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation of alternating current on response inhibition and selective attention in athletes with ADHD.
Materials and methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population was 160 elite athletes with ADHD aged 9 to 11 years (60 girls and 100 boys). Of these, 120 athletes with ADHD were randomly selected and assigned to three groups of 40: control, sham, and tACS. First, a pretest was done, and then all subjects in the sham and experimental groups received F3(Anodal) and F4(Cathodic) fake and real stimulations, respectively, with a current of 1 mA (10 Hz) for 15 minutes in 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention, then each group was re-examined. A follow-up test was done after two weeks. The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop were used in this study. For data analysis, Mixed Anova, one-way ANOVA, and Benferroni's post hoc test were used with using Spss version 21 statistical software (p≤0.05).
Ethical considerations: This study is approved sport sciences Reserch Institute with ethical registration code IR.SSRI.REC.1401.1361.Parents gave written informed consent form.
Results: The results showed that tACS was effective in the response inhibition and selective attention of athletes with ADHD and led to the improvement of response inhibition and selective attention of these subjects.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the tACS protocol of 1 mA can be used as an effective treatment to improve inhibition and selective attention of athletes with ADHD.
