Mahmoud Pedram , Mohammad Taha Jalali , Fazlolah Ahmadi Esfahani,
Volume 1, Issue 5 (12-1997)
Abstract
Serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) is a genetically determined. Independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Different studies suggest a possible role for a antioxidant and free radicals in the rate of lipoprotein (a) synthesis. Patients suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) are known to be less guarded against oxidative products in comparison with normal population. In order to investigate the pattern of lipoprotein (a) serum concentration in CRF group, 87 number of patients undergoing supportive hemodialysis was selected and their Lp(a) serum concentration were compared with a control group (n=100). The result shows a significant elevation of LP(a) serum concentration in the patients in comparison with the control group (p,0.05).
Mohammad Hassan Davami , Fatemeh Fatahi Bayat,
Volume 1, Issue 5 (12-1997)
Abstract
Hydatidosis is one of the most important infectious diseases which is mainly in the animal husbandby area such as Iran. The disease is caused by a worm called Echinococcus granlosus. Surgery seems to be the only treatment From medicine, psychology and economy points of view, study about the spreading and intensity of this disease in each area is necessary. In this study, 250 patients with hydatidosis under surgical treatment were studied. All these patients were residing in surgical sections of various hospitals in Markazi Province during 1991 to 1997. Only 143 patients had full hospital data. Different demographic factors such as sex, age, location, occupation, affected organ and course of treatment were considered. Among them 83% were female and 39.16% were male. The minimum and maximum age of patients were 7 and 79 years old, respectively. The most affected age groups were between 49-10 years old. The majority of patients were living in Arak. Among the patients, 62.26% were living in cities and 87.76% were living in villages and 51.04% of cases were housewives. Liver with 49.18% of cases was considered as second affected organ (M:26.44% , F:42.5% ). Lung with 16.26% was considered as the most affected organ (M:57.6% , F:42.5%). The mean duration for treatment was 12.83%.
Ali Fani,
Volume 2, Issue 8 (9-1999)
Abstract
In this survey CRF case from Arak , Shazand and Ashtiyan (769000 population), who have referred to Vali-e Asr general hospital and each case has been observed individually. During two years ( From 22 may 1997 until 21 may 1999), it showed that, 127 CRF patients there were 59 females (44.1%) and 71 males (55.9%). The annual rate was 82.3 per million, 21.25% were rural and 78.75% were urban while the rate of rural population to urban population is 44% to 66%. It seems as is the lower rate of rural patients is due to socioeconomic problems and lack of study, recognition and poor control of diseases, especially in higher ages and it doesn’t necessarily meaning lower rate of this illness in villages. In this survey, the highest rate is seen in glumerolonephritis and then in hypertension and diabetes mellitus which this trend is quite opposite in western societies. The reason probably is the socioeconomic problems as well as lack of patients familiarity with this diseases and the significance of its regular follow up and treatment and using the special treatment exclusively in villages. Also this survey showed that congenital renal disease and obstructive uropathy diseases are calssified in fourth grade of significance from a CRF etiology. This study showed that although the CRF is more popular in men than women. There is no meaningful difference between them.
Zahra Mohammad Tabar,
Volume 2, Issue 8 (9-1999)
Abstract
Injuries to the ureter and bladder is one of the most complications in obstetrical and gynecological surgery. Injury to this organs are unavoidable even for the most experienced gynecologic surgeons. According to this study 45 cases of injuries to ureter and bladder have been observed. The incidence of injury to bladder was 82.3% and of ureter was 17.7% repeated cesarean section (31%) first cesarean section (15%) abdominal hysterectomy (15.5%) and vagina operation(7%). Bladder dome were more common than the bladder base (injuries of 85% cases). Diagnosis of ureter injury have been done during operation and in the reminder diagnosis have been delayed. Injuries were during abdominal operation, while less injuries were seen during vaginal operation. Pelvic adhesions due to repeated cesareans section & markedly enlarging uterus at the time of abdominal hysterectomy were most important risk factors for injury to the bladder and ureters.
Ali Fani,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2000)
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is common complication in ICU patients(Patients), which causes disturbance of homostasis of, electrolytes, acid-base balance with high mortality Rate, The principle cause of ARF especially in ICU ward are hypotension and Renal hypoperfusion and sepsis complications. This survey was performed with history taking, clinical and Paraclinical evaluation on 952 ICU patients from 21 Jan 1997 to 22 AGu 1999 Vali-Asr Hospital of Arak. From these pts 203 had different degree of ARF, 362 patients were female, 590 male, 5 patients had/chronic renal failure which omitted from study. From 198 patients with ARF 77 (38.9%) were female and 121 (61.1%) were male. Prevalence of ARF in male was 20.6% and in female was 21.4% sex difference is meaningless. The rate of ARF N in this study was 20.9% which there is no meaningful difference with report of western country (20-30). 110(55.5%) patients with ARF were being treated with one aminoglycoside and 66(33.3%) patients were taken aminoglycoside and cephalosporins concomitant compar 40(4.2%) patients with normal renal function. It seems that such nephrotoxic. Total mortality rate in ICU patients was 30.8% and in patients with ARF 116(50.6%) with meaningful difference with PV<0.0001, so ARf intensified most olity rate in ICU patients.
Nader Zarin Far, Hosein Sarmadian, Ali Cyrus, Mohammadali Daneshmand, Shadi Pirasteh,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: Pyelonephrities is the urinary tract infection. Using supplemental dugs may decrease duration of treatment and hospitalization. We studied the effect of vitamin C on the recovery of symptoms due to pyelonephrities Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, double blind, study, 64 patients with uncomplicated pyelonephrities were assessed in 2 groups randomly. Case group took vitamin C capsules, and control group took placebo capsules. In both groups, primary treatment was ceftriaxon capsules during hospitalization and they took ciprofloxacin capsules for 14 days after discharging. Symptoms and Urinary analysis were assessed in the first day of administration and then on the 7th and 14th days after discharging. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test. Results: Mean of fever duration in vitamin C group (1.130.34 SD day) and placebo group (1.560.62 SD day) significantly decrease (p=0.001). There was a significant difference in dysuria duration in vitamin C group 2.191.06 SD day with placebo group (2.971.06 SD day) (p =0.007). In flank pain, nausea and vomiting duration difference was not significantly (p≥ 0.05). Conclusion: It seems vitamin C, as a supplemental drug improves some pyelonephrities symptoms, such as fever and dysuria, decreases of the hospitalization period
Mahmood Reza Baghinia, Fatollah Mohaghegh, Mohammad Rafeie,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American's men and is the most common malignancy after skin in men. The purpose of this research was comparison of demographic characteristic of patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with surgical and medical orchiectomy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross- sectional analytic study carried out on 53 patients with locally advanced and metastatic (stages III- IV) prostate cancer referring to oncology wards in Buali hospital in Hamadanand and Vali-e-Asr hospital in Arak for adjuvant therapy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy during 2003-7. Demographic characteristics such as age, disease stage, cultural status, habitancy, socioeconomic status and patients accepted treatment of advanced prostate cancer treated with surgical and medical orchiectomy (hormone therapy), were determined and compared. Results: There was a significant difference between age mean of patients treating by orchiectomy and hormone (p=0.007). Also socioeconomic status distribution in two groups was different (p= 0.025). Distribution of disease stage, cultural level, habitancy in two groups were similar (respectively p=0.207, p=0.617, p=0.272). Conclusion: People less tend to orchiectomy to hormone therapy. Also, in high socioeconomic status and in elder, tendency to surgical orchiectomy is more.
Firouzeh Gholampour, Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi, Seyed Mohammad Owji, Sohrab Haji Zadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Background: Ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure causes excretory functional disorders of nephrones. Ischemia/reperfusion injury increases iNOS expression in the renal tissue. Inhibition of iNOS expression and its activity can ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the role of iNOS on progression of renal functional disturbances over the immediate post-ischemic reperfusion period. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, renal hemodynamic and excretory functions were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. First, a 30-min control clearance period was taken. Then following bilateral renal artery clamping for 30 minutes, four consecutive 30-min clearance periods were taken during reperfusion, while saline or L-NIL as a selective iNOS inhibitor was infused. In plasma and urine samples, Cr and sodium concentration levels were measured. Results: Renal ischemia for 30 minutes decreased glomerular filtration rate and urine osmolality during reperfusion and increased urine flow and sodium excretion. L-NIL did not change the glomerular filtration rate and urine osmolality prior to ischemia but it improved them during reperfusion and there were progressive increases in urine flow. Additionally, L-NIL lowered ischemia-induced rises in sodium excretion. Conclusion: iNOS had a considerable role in the development of disorders in hemodynamic and excretory renal functions during early hours after ischemia.
Ali Cyrus, Davood Goudarzi, Vida Jahangiri,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis is one of the causes of renal colic. The annual incidence of this disease is 1-2/1000 people. Due to the severity of pain, adverse effects of routine treatments and incomplete pain relief, more effective methods of treatment have always been sought for. Alhagi Pseudalhagi distillate is a traditional herbal medication used for urolithiasis. Due to its wide availability and no previous report of adverse effects, we decided to evaluate its impact on ureteral stone expulsion. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 100 renal colic patients whom visited in Arak Vali-asr Hospital or its clinics were divided into two groups. Group1 received Thiazide, Tamsulosin, and analgesics and group 2 received Alhagi Pseudalhagi distillate in addition to aforementioned drugs. The patients were followed upto 4 weeks and the stone expulsion rates and their times were compared. Results: The average stone sizes for groups 1 and 2 were 4.66 and 4.32 mm, respectively (p=0.128). Stones in both groups were mostly located in lower ureter (p=0.551). Expulsion occurred in 40% of group 1 and 66% of group 2 patients (p=0.009). The mean expulsion times for groups 1 and 2 were 11 and 9 days, respectively (p= 0.291). Conclusion: Alhagi Pseudalhagi distillate had a significant effect on the rate of stone expulsion and it is likely to decrease the time needed for the passage of Urolithiasis stones.
Houshang Najafi, Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: This investigation was designed to determine the effects of a selective A1-AR antagonist (DPCPX) on renal hemodynamic and excretory dysfunctions induced during the early hours of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, rats were anaesthetized by sodium pentobarbital, and their renal arteries were, then, occluded for 30 min, four hours after the reperfusion period. There was a clearance period during the last one hour of reperfusion period throughout which urine was collected under 30-mm of paraffin, and arterial blood samples were taken during its beginning and end. Animals were divided into four groups DPCPX (2 mg/kg) or normal saline were injected 30 min before renal ischemia to the two groups of I/R+DPCPX and I/R, respectively, and to DPCPX and Sham groups which were subjected to surgery without clamping of renal arteries, respectively. Results: I/R resulted in elevations of plasma osmolality, plasma concentrations of Na, K, creatinine, and urea, fractional excretions of Na, K, and bicarbonate, absolute bicarbonate excretion, and urinary pH, but it induced reductions in arterial bicarbonate concentration, pH and Pco2, creatinine clearance, absolute excretions of Na and urea, free-water re-absorption, and urinary osmolality in the I/R group in comparison to the Sham group. Comparison between I/R+DPCPX and I/R groups showed that applying DPCPX could improve I/R-induced alterations in most of these parameters. Conclusion: Activation of A1-AR during the early hours of reperfusion following renal ischemia definitely contributes to the development of disorders in hemodynamics, tubular Na re-absorption, as well as excretions of K, urea, and acid-base.
Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Jafar Hassan Zaede, Abdolraze Rajaee Fard, Heshmat Ollah Salahi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2011)
Abstract
Background: Noticing the fact that graft survival rate of kidney transplantation from live donors is more than deceased donors, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the graft survival rate of renal transplantation and the donor source in patients transplanted from March 1999 to March 2009 in Namazi Hospital Transplantation Center of Shiraz. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study which was designed to determine the relationship between graft survival of kidney transplantation and the donor source (related live donor, unrelated live donor, and deceased donor) in 1356 patients who were transplanted in Shiraz Transplant Center, Namazi Hospital. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the survival rate, log-rank test was used to compare survival curves and Cox regression model was used for ruling out the intervening factors. Results: Five-year graft survival rates of renal transplantation from related, unrelated, and deceased donors were 92.4, 92.6 and 82.1%, respectively. Also, a significant relationship was seen between donor source and survival rate of the renal allograft (P>0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study transplanted patients with kidneys from living donors (related or unrelated) have a higher graft survival rate compared with deceased donors.
Mahnaz Edalat-Nejad, Fatemeh Zameni, Afsaneh Talaeie,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that nicotinic-amide and niacin induce significant reductions in serum phosphorous in patients undergoing hemo-dialysis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nicotinic acid on serum phosphorous level in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
Materials and Methods: In an 8-week cross-over randomized double-blind clinical trial, 37 patients were assigned to nicotinic acid or placebo groups with titration from 400 to 1000 mg/ daily. A 2-week washout preceded the switch from nicotinic acid to placebo or vice versa. Statistical analysis was performed using paired- sample t test.
Results: The mean dose of nicotinic acid at the end of the period was 740±204 mg/daily. Nicotinic acid showed a significant decrease in serum phosphorus after the 8-weeks treatment however no significant changes occurred in the placebo group (P =0.01). Also, nicotinic acid resulted in an increase of HDL cholesterol levels after 8 weeks.
Conclusion: Nicotinic acid can lead to a decrease and an increase in serum phosphorous and HDL cholesterol levels, respectively. However, there is need for longer trials with larger sample sizes for determining the most effective doses of this drug.
Ali Khosrowbaki,
Volume 15, Issue 9 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that damage to spermatozoa by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in male infertility. This study was done to review the role of oxidative stress in male infertility. Materials and Methods: In this review article, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO-CINAHL databases were used for finding the relevant studies. Results: Under physiological conditions, a certain level of ROS is necessary for normal sperm function. However, an excessive level of ROS produced by leucocytes and immature sperms can cause damages to spermatozoa. Oxidative stress develops when there is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense system in male reproductive tract. High levels of ROS have been detected in the semen samples of 25-40% of infertile men. Oxidative stress can induce detrimental effects on standard seminal parameters and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Conclusion: Oxidative stress can induce impaired sperm function that results in poor pregnancy rate in natural conditions and assisted reproduction.
Mahnaz Edalat-Nejad, Rezvan Sadeqi, Parsa Yousefichaijan, Mahdie Qaffari,
Volume 15, Issue 9 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Adequately delivered hemodialysis dose has been shown to have a distinct impact upon the morbidity and mortality of patients on chronic dialysis therapy. Online conductivity monitoring (OCM) using sodium flux as a surrogate for urea allows for repeated measurement of hemodialysis adequacy in each treatment session. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 156 treatment sessions in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were assessed by measurement of the conductivity performed by Diascan in AK 96 dialysis machines. Dialysis adequacy was measured by daugirdas logarithmic estimates of single-pool Kt/V. Values of calculated Kt/V and simultaneously obtained online Kt/V were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired sample t-test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between calculated Kt/V and online Kt/V in this study. The mean calculated Kt/V was 1.1±0.18 and mean online Kt/V was 0.77±0.32 (p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between calculated Sp Kt/V and on-line Kt/V (r =0.44, p=0.012). Conclusion: Despite the underestimation of hemodialysis adequacy by online conductivity monitoring in comparison with Sp Kt/V, it is a useful tool in clinical practice.
Seyed Abolhassan Seyed Zadeh, Mohammad Reza Tohidi, Ahmad Reza Niki Bakhsh, Hashem Mahmood Zadeh, Hossein Emad Momtaz, Reza Dalirani, Farshid Kompany, Akram Soleymani,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic nephritic syndrome (INS) is one of the chronic illnesses in children. Therefore, clinical and laboratory factors that influence the clinical course of this disease are very important. Among these factors, low birthweight due to reduction of the number of congenital nephrons and subsequent glomerular hyperfiltration has been postulated as an important factor. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical course of INS in patients with lowbirth weight in comparison to patients with normal birth weight.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 170 children with INS were selected from hospitals in Kermanshah, Urmia, Hamedan, Qazvin, and Ahvaz and divided into two groups of low birth weight (<2500gr) and normal birth weight (>2500gr). Then, the clinical course of these patients was evaluated by reviewing their medical records.
Results: Of the 170 patients, 22 had low birth weight and 148 had normal birthweight. Statistical analysis revealed no correlation between low birth weight and INS course except for age of presentation (P=0.014).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there is not any correlation between body birth weight and the clinical course of INS except for age of presentation.
Narges Bigane, Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki, Zeynab Hasani Nasab, Mehdi Habibi,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Urinary incontinence is a very common problem affecting the quality of life of many people, especially women. Hence, this study was done to investigate the results obtained from intravaginal slingplasty (IVS) method in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in patients.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out as census on female patients suffering from SUI who had been treated using IVS method in Najmieh Subespeciality Hospital, Tehran, during 2004-2009 years. Data were extracted through interviews and from patients’ medical records. Descriptive statistics (mean and percent) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and its exact version, Bootstrap, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exat test) were utilized and data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: A total of 357 women with mean age of 45.18±8.78 years participated in this study. Recovery rate of emergency and stress-related SUI by IVS method were 80.1% and 98%, respectively. In addition, urgency SUI had statistically significant correlations with diabetes, blood pressure, age, total number of deliveries, and normal vaginal delivery (NVD). Also, stress-related SUI had significant correlations with post-void residue (PVR), total number of delivery, NVD, and cesarean section.
Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that treatment response of IVS in this study is comparable and even better than other existing and customary modes of treatment
Mina Mir Nezami,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background: Pruritus is the most distressing symptom in hemodialysis patients. Its etiology has not yet been delineated thus, there are no good therapeutic options. Serotonin has been reported to be a mediator of uremic pruritus while ondansetron is a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-HT3 receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ondansetron on uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients undergoing hemodialysis with moderate and severe itching were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups: one group received ondansetron 8 mg three times daily and the other group was given loratadine 10 mg two times a day for 2 weeks. Pruritus scores were recorded by the patients and the mean scores were compared before and after intervention.
Results: Changes in VAS scores after treatment with ondansetron and loratadin were both significant (p=0.001), but the difference between ondansetron and loratadin was not significant (p=0.8).
Conclusion: The results showed that ondansetron was as effective as loratadin in controlling renal itch.
Mahmood Reza Baghinia, Seyyed Mehdi Shariatzadeh, Neda Baghinia,
Volume 16, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent type of cancer and the second cause of death among American men. Its prevalence has a direct relationship with increasing age. The present study was carried out to determine the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and calcium level in blood in men with prostate cancer and BPH in Arak.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, out of 400 Arak males, were selected from different inner-city areas through cluster sampling during a period of two years (august 2011-august 2012). After the population was approved to have the necessary criteria to be included in the study, their PSA and calcium level was measured and its mean in over 40 years. In order to determine mean difference among the seven groups T-test analysis and to determine "PSA", PSA Assay and Tandem-R kits were utilized and for measurement of serum calcium, pars azmoon kit was used.
Results: In this study, there was a markedly relationship between age and serum calcium and serum PSA in both groups.in this way that there was a negative relationship between age and serum calcium and a positive relationship between age and serum PSA.
Conclusion: With respect to the findings of the study, it could be confirmed that was a markedly relationship between serum PSA and serum calcium only in prostatic cancer patients,according to this study in future maybe we used serum calcium as a tumor-marker for screening for prostate cancer.
Majid Askaripour, Syed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei, Hossein Najafzadehvarzi, Foruzan Hosseini,
Volume 18, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background: Renal injury following ischemia - reperfusion (I/R) is still an unavoidable problem in many remedial and medical situations. Portulaca oleracea (PO) has been known for its anti-oxidative effects. Then, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of PO (EEPO) on the renal function and antioxidant status after induction of I/R injury in the rat kidney.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats (Wistar) were divided into five groups (n = 6 each). Sham group: underwent laparotomy without I/R, EEPO group: EEPO administered 300 mg/kg then was operated like sham, I/R group: was underwent renal ischemia/reperfusion only, EEPO150+ I/R and AEPO300+ I/R groups: were administered PO 150 and 300 mg/kg then underwent I/R operation. PO extract was administered for 5 days in the relevant groups by gavage. Serum urea and creatinine (Scr), the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc LSD test. P values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant.
Results: Induction of I/R and pretreatment with PO extract, increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in comparison with sham group (p<0.05, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA, GSH and TAA among different groups. On the other hand, the Scr and serum urea of the I/R and treated groups were elevated compared to the sham group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of PO did not strongly affect the renal antioxidant status and could not prevent the renal injury following I/R.
Rasool Kavyannezhad, Khodayar Oshvandi, Reza Borzuo, Mahmood Gholyaf,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis is the most common method of treatment in patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Given the importance and the role of permeability of hemodialysis membranes in removing the materials and particles, they were divided into two categories Low and High Flux.This study aimed to compare the effects of membranes in removing electrolytes and particles in ESRD patients.
Materials and Methods: In a crossover clinical trial, blood sampling from 30 patients undergoing hemodialysis was done in two sessions of hemodialysis using a Low Flux and High Flux membrane from arterial lines before and after hemodialysis in order to assess and compare the amounts of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, urea and creatinine was taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.
Results: The mean age of samples was 47.46±10.74 years and 70% were men and 30% were women. Urea and phosphorus uptake was significantly higher in the high flux membrane (p=0.017)(p=0.006) respectively. Other parameters did not show significant differences between the two filters (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of research and high flux membrane features, we propose a high flux filter regularly be used in hemodialysis in the absence of specific ban.
