Background: One of the side effects of chemotherapy agents is gonadal suppression leading to infertility. The present study examined the feasibility of using a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) in the prevention of busulfan induced azoospermia in prepubertal mice.

Materials and Methods: In this case and control research, Leuprolide (3.8 mg/kg) was given to prepubertal male mice 2 weeks after or prior to busulfan (40 mg/kg) administration. The animals received one or two doses of leuprolide after busulfan administration with 4 weeks apart. Six weeks after the last leuprolide treatment, the sperm parameters were analyzed icluded sperm count and motility according to the World Health Organization criteria.

Results: At the time of scarifies, testicular weight were increased in animals receiving leuprolide. In animals receiving leuprolide pretreatment, the percentage of progressive and immotile sperm was significantly (p&le0.05) increased and decreased respectively. But the percentage of non progressive sperm did not change. The sperm motility in busulfan treated animals with post treatment didn't change. The sperm count also increased in pretreatment animals but it was not significant (p&ge0.05).

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that leuprolide pretreatment resulted in improvement in sperm motility in prepubertal male mice.

Background: Pediatricians frequently confront with elevated body temperature in children and subsequent anxious parents. They practice several approaches in management of fever. A recently addressed issue is administration of alternating doses of acetaminophen and Ibuprofen. This method is relatively common , despite lack of sufficient evidence in this field.

Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 240 children, aged 6 months to 12 years suffering from gastroenteritis was recruited in this research. Children were classified in 3 groups. First group received Acetaminophen, second group received Ibuprofen and third group were treated with acetaminophen – Ibuprofen every other day alternately.

Results: 240 child were taken apart in this research . 112 ones were female (46.66%) and 128 were male (53.33%). The mean time of lowering fever in the first group was 2.07 days. This figure in the second and third groups were 1.82 and 1.87 respectively. Average doses in the first, second and third groups were (in order) 9, 8.17 and 7.13 doses. Medication in the first group minimum effectiveness rather than two other groups.

Conclusion: The alternating regimen of Acetaminophen – Ibuprofen is more effective than monotherapy in reduction of fever in infants and children between 6 months to 12 years.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin versus oral hypoglycemic drugs for gestational diabetes treatment, using evidence based medicine approach.

Materials and Methods: This secondary study was conducted by selecting a comprehensive systematic review through searching the Cochrane library. To calculate the number needed to treat (NNT), outcomes such as cesarean section, macrosomia, birth weight more than 90th percentile, operative vaginal delivery, labor induction, post partum hemorrhage, and shoulder dystocia has been considered while neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU hospitalization and fetal distress were considered for calculating number needed to harm (NNH). To calculate the likelihood of helped versus harmed (LHH), macrosomia and hypoglysmia were selected. Data were analyzed with Wilson score test.

Results: The NNT for above outcomes were 3, -14, -5, 16, -3, 31, and 32, respectively. Among them cesarean section was significance. Calculated NNH for side effects were 6, 15, and -17 which only was significance for neonatal hypoglycemia (p<0.05). The LHH was estimated -0.43.

Conclusion: Considering LHH, it seems that the benefit of insulin in management of gestational diabetes is more than metformin. But with respect to issues such as low sample size of trials, lack of assessment the maternal hypoglysemia as complication of insulin therapy, the findings should be considered cautiously.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder affecting the reproductive and metabolic systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week pilates training on anti-mullerian hormone level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest–posttest design, twenty PCOS patients (aged 28.16±4.29 y) were randomly assigned to pilates training or non-exercising control groups. The training group took part in an eight-week progressive pilates exercise program, three times weekly while the control group were instructed to maintain their normal daily activities throughout the eight-week experimental period. Serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period.

Results: After an 8 week pilates training, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglycerides and abdominal fat were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, anti-mullerian hormone concentrations decreased significantly in response to pilates training (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that pilates training can have beneficial effects on metabolic indices and ovarian reserve in women with polycystic ovary syndrome over a two-month period.

Background: Impulsivity is a core social pathology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to Effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy based on core distress tolerance and emotion regulation components on Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors.

Materials and Methods: Research method is a semi experimental socio-statistic approach consisting of experimental group (dialectical behavior therapy) and control group. Participants were patients referred to Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak. and who were Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors. Based on stratified random sampling, 16 patients (women) were placed in each group. Research tools included the structured diagnosis interview according to DSM-IV-TR (2000), Barrat impulsivity scale (1994) Distress Tolerance Scale (2005) Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale (2004) and dialectical behavior therapy were done for two months, 8 groups Sessions.

Results: The results of this study showed that there was significant difference between control and experimental groups after implementation of dialectical behavior therapy relying on component tolerance and regulation of emotional distress variables impulsive behavior and explosion furies (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Distress tolerance and emotion regulation components effective on Expulsive Anger and Impulsive Behaviors.

Background: Depression is on the top list of mental disorders which account for about 25 percent of patients referred to health centers in your world. So, is presented in different ways to treat it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in reducing depression in mothers of children with disabilities.

Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental and consists of experimental and control groups. This study population was mothers referred to mobility, occupational therapy and physiotherapy centers who had depressive symptoms. 8 patients in each group were selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument were the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders and the revised Beck Depression Inventory form (1996). Dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy groups were instructured for 2 months (8 sessions of 2 to 2.5 hours). But the control group did not receive intervention.

Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between the mean depression scores of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive therapy group with control group (p<0.001). Also, there is a significant difference between the mean depression scores of dialectical behavior therapy with cognitive therapy (p<0.001).

Conclusion: In the area of treatment and working with depressed people and those who are in crisis mode, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive therapy group in view of its nature is very efficient and promising.

Background: Meta-cognitive therapy and schema therapy are two important methods in treatment of mental disorders special in treatment of anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy and schema therapy on decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression in nursing and midwifery students.

Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and 2 mounts follow-up design. The statistical population included all girl students of nursing and midwifery faculty that referred to counseling center of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Totally 60 students with anxiety and depression were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups. The experimental groups educated 10 sessions of 70 minutes by meta-cognitive therapy and schema therapy methods. All groups completed the questionnaire of Cattell anxiety and Beck depression.The data were analyzed by using the SPSS-19 software and by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) method.

Results: The findings showed in the post-test, schema therapy unlike meta-cognitive therapy significantly led to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression. But in the follow-up state each two methods of meta-cognitive therapy and schema therapy significantly led to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression and in the follow-up state, there wasn't any significant difference between two methods (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed though the effect of schema therapy appears earlier than meta-cognitive therapy, but there is no significant difference between two treatments in long time Therefore, counselors and therapists can use meta-cognitive therapy and schema therapy for decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression disorder.

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) consists of repetitious physical and psychological symptoms that occurs in luteal phase of menstrual period and will be over when menstrual period starts. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium therapy plus vitamin D and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the parameters of PMS symptoms in women suffering from PMS.

Materials and Methods: This study has an experimental plan of pretest and post-test of the control group. The statistical society is 250 female staff of Tehran Universities in academic year 2013-2014. Premenstrual syndrome screening tool (PSST) questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool. The collected data were analyzed using the indexes of the descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (p<0.05).

Results: The minimum age of the statistical society was 24, 52.5 % of them held a master's degree and 60% were single. Cognitive behavioral therapy method, calcium and vitamin D therapy were significant in improving the parameters of symptoms at p<0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Combining cognitive behavioral therapy and calcium supplementation and vitamin D is significantly effective in improving components of PMS sympotoms and applying these methods is recommended by the consultants and gynecologists.

Background: Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains produce a polar flagellum that required for motility, adhesion, invasion and secretion of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment with anti-recombinant type B flagellin antibody in a burned mouse model.

Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty six mice were divided into 16 groups injected with different regimen of anti-recombinant type B flagellin antibody. Infections were caused by sub-dermal injection of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PAK strains at the burn site. Groups were monitored for mortality for one week. Additionally, functional activity of this antibody was assessed by motility inhibition and opsonophagocytosis assays.

Results:  Immunotherapy with rabbit antisera substantially increased (85.71%) survival rate of mice challenged with a homologous strain PAO1 compared with the control PBS. The mortality rate in mice infected by the heterologous strain PAK was only 28.57%. This antibody increased phagocytosis killing of the homologous strain but it only had a slight effect on the heterologous strain.

Conclusion:  Passive immunotherapy protected burned mice challenged with the homologous strain but showed lower efficacy against the heterologous strain.

  Background: Mandibular premolars, because of high anatomic variations, are among the most difficult teeth for root canal treatment.The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars between males and famales in an Iranian population applying CBCT imaging.

  Materials and Methods: In this analytical-cross sectional study, 230 CBCT imaging belonged to 115 males and 115 females were evaluated in this study. Images were assessed in the three spatial planes and the difference in the number of canals and roots were compared and reported statistically. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software and Chi-square test.The significance level was set as p<0.05.

  Results: In total, of 460 mandibular first premolars, 85.7% had one root, 14.3% had two roots, 63.9% had one canal and 36/1% had two canals. In comparison between two genders, in the males the prevalence of one root was 78.7%, two roots 21.3%, one canal 60% and two canals 40%. In the females, the prevalence of one root was recorded as 92.6%, two roots 7.4%, one canal 67.8% and two canals 32.2%.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study the number of roots in the mandibular first premolars in males was statistically more than in females.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in reducinng expulsive anger.

Materials and Methods: This is a pre-test and post-test semi-experimental study with control group. The study population included 32 patients with expulsive anger that reffered to Amir kabir remedial education center based on psychiatrist diagnosis and were randomely divided into case (dialectical behavior therapy) and control group. The case group was educated the dialectical behavior therapy skills for 16 sessions from 2 until 2.5 hours at teamly. To collect data, the patients filled Eysenk expulsive questionnaire before and after intervention. Considering no necessary assumptions were fulfilled to conduct the multivariate analysis of covariance and variance, so, the univariate analysis of variance was used.

Results: The results of variance analysis proved that dialectical behavior therapy significantly reduced expulsive angers.

Conclusion: With due attention to the results, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy leads to reducing expulsive angers in treated patients, thus, this method can be included in interventional programs for target groups in psychotherapy centers. Aslo, it helps to improve the life of patients by reducing expulsive angers.

Background: Recently it is accentuated on the role of psychological symptoms in the course of chronic diseases and applying psychological interventions as complementary interventions. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management, optimism training and conevntional medical therapy on somatic symptoms, perceived stress, illness perception and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Materials and Methods: In this study, thirty female patients were selected accidentally, and randomly assigned into three groups including cognitive-behavioral stress management(n=10), optimism training(n=10) and conventional medical therapy(n=10). All patients completed Perceived Stress Scale, Illness Perception questionnaire, WHO Quality of Life questionnaire, and Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index. Then, experimental groups participated in 9 sessions of  cognitive-behavioral stress management and optimism training group interventions. Thereafter, three groups answered to scales again. This course was repeated in a 6-mounth follow-up. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

Results:  The findings indicated that the effects of two interventions were significant on patient´s illness perception, perceived stress and quality of life however, these interventions did not change somatic symptoms.

Conclusion: Totally, it can be said that psychological interventions such as stress management and optimism training can be effective on improving the psychological symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis and their cure.

Background: A small percent of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) respond to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), as a first line of chemotherapy. In this study in, in order to design a new chemotherapy protocol, the effect of 5-FU and acriflavine (ACF) cotreatment on mortality rate of CRC cell lines was investigated.

Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of 5-FU and ACF against CRC cell lines (LS174T, SW480 and HCT116) was detected using MTT assay. Cells were treated with different concentrations of 5-FU (0.5-64 µM) or ACF (0.07-5 µM) for 72 hours and then cell viability and drugs IC50 was calculated. To assess the effect of ACF on anticancer activity of 5-FU, cells were cotreated with different concentrations of 5-FU and IC30 concentration of ACF.

Results: ACF and 5-FU suppress the viability of CRC cell lines in dose-dependent manner. 5-FU and ACF have most cytotoxic effect on LS174T and the lowest cytotoxic effect on SW480 cells. Cotreatment of ACF with 5-FU could not significantly change the sensitivity of cells against 5-FU (p>0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, the fatal and cytotoxic effect of ACF on three CRC cell lines was shown. However, cotreatment of ACF with 5-FU could not improve the anticancer activity of 5-FU.

Abstract

Background: Infertility is described as a loss that this event is serious tension in life and it makes extreme trauma on couples. This research aimed to investigate the effect of group psychotherapy based on life quality on marriage intimacy of infertile women.

Materials and Methods: This research method was in semi-test methodology with pre-test, post- test and follow-up test plan with control group and statistical sample was 32 persons (16 persons in test group and 16 persons in control group) that they were chosen in available sampling mode from Royan center in Arak and both two groups were peer in research standards. Test group received training for 5 sessions in 90 minute. For collecting data, Bagarozzi marital intimacy questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance by using SPSS software.

Results: Results showed that life quality training affected significantly on marriage intimacy of infertile women and improved it. Significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up average scores of test and control groups showed effectiveness of life quality training on infertile women ( p=0.003<0.05 ,f=27.57).

Conclusion: The research showed that group therapy of life quality plan affected on marital intimacy and improved it. Therefore, it is recommended as a supplement.

Abstract

Background: Family is the most important component of community and family health leads to spiritual excellence and intellectual growth. One of the debates in current society is to enhance the bases of marital life. More than half of the sexual problems which cause family life and marital relationships abolishment are due to insufficient knowledge or erroneous beliefs about sexual relationships. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acceptance commitment therapy (ACT)-based premarital counseling on the couples’ sexual function.

Materials and Methods: The study population of this clinical trial consisted of all couples referring to premarital counseling centers of Isfahan in 2015. Sixty couples were selected and then randomly divided into two groups, an experimental group(30 couples) and a control group(30 couples). Then they completed a questionnaire of sexual function. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using the Mann-Whitney test.

Conclusion: The results of this study with the aforementioned condition showed the lack of significant difference in the couple’s sexual function between premarital counseling and the approach based on acceptance and commitment. So, it seems that performing a research with more samples and a target group having 1-5 marital experience would be necessary.

Results: The results showed no significant difference between the effect of premarital counseling acceptance and commitment therapy – based approach on the couples’ sexual fanction in comparison with a premarital conventional approach(p>0.02).

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on quality of life of patients with cardiovascalar diseases.

Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was done based on a pretest -posttest design with control group. Statistical population included all of the patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to Amir-Kabir educational and medical center of Arak, and sample included 30 persons who selected by screening and simple random sampling and assigned into two control and experimental groups. Research instrument included Mcnew quality of life scales which participants answered it during two pre-test and post-test steps; also, experimental group participated in 9 cognitive-behavioral therapy meetings.

Results: There was a significant difference between mean quality of life and its components in both experimental and control groups.

Conclusion: Results analysis showed that group-based cognition- behavior theray has an influence on life quality (emotional, physical and social domains)(p>0.05).