Showing 67 results for Type of Study: Review Article
Abbas Arjmand Shabestari ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Gestational age determination is one of the main aims of total sonorgraphy and this is determined according to some criteria including Crown-Rump Length ( CRL). In a descriptive study T estimation of Gestational age was accomplished based on 1081 CRL determination in 977 Iranian pregnant women. Comparing this Iranian gestational age table with different American tables, Iranian embroys gestational age were about 3 days more than Americans with equal CRL. Significant of independent personal variables in these gestational age estimation is also evaluated.
Nemat Billan , Rasol Jamali ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
This study is about the relation of malnutrition and parasitic infection which was performed by comparison of 60 malnurished children aged 6-60 month and 55 healthy ones of the same age group.
The results showed:
1.A significantrelationbetweenmalnutritionandincreasedprevalenceofparasitic .(p<0003)
2.A significantrelationbetweenmalnutritionandincreasedprevalenceofparasiticinfection.(P<0003) andnonpathogenic (p<006) parasites.
Saeid Tafreshi, Mehran Mansoori Sarevestani,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Tympanic membrane perforation is a world wide common problem particularly in under developed & developing countries. In the current study 352 patients were studied in a period of 6 months period. The age of the patients were between 2.5 to 86 years old. It wasn’t possible to find any significant difference between men and women. The most common form of perforation was central, and the least form was total. The most common cause of perforation was infection with traumatic manipulations and compression injuries coming after. The average amount of hearing loss was found to be 31.9 db which shows presence of some degrees of ossicular and middle ear malfunction.
, ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes mellitus (D.M) is one of the most common diseases in the world and the rate of afflicted persons is increasing each year. D.M causes metabolic disorders with high mortality rate. Although this health problem is important , but accomplished researches are relatively rare in Iran. Present study has been done to study of epidemiological factors of diagnosed D.M. in Arak. The study showed that the rate of prevalence of diagnosed D.M. is about 7% and it is lower than the other performed studies. Among 18637 people (9622 M.& 9015 F.) persons (61%) were Non-Insullin dependent diabetes mellitus (N.I.D.D.M) and 14 persons 8% (0.08) were insulin dependent D.M.(I.D.D.M). It means that the disease is unknown by the people, and more studies should be planned in field of screening of D.M. in Arak.
Fereshteh Shahmohammadi , Mohammad Anvar Ahmadi ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
In this study 2510 neonates from 2465 pregnancies (2420 single fetus, 44 twins and Triplets) in Taleghani Hospital of Arak have investigated for 4 months. Any type of evident anomaly at time of the deliveries that diagnosed by reasercher has accepted as an anomaly only when it confirmed by podiatrist. Thus the overall congenital anomaly incidence was 1.04%. The congenital anomaly incidence in the male neonates (1.34%) was about two items more than female neonates(0.72%). But the differences between them is not significant ( P=0.0.26) The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with gestational age aqual to or above the 38 weeks was 0/89% .The difference between them was significant(p=0.0042). The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with body weight below 2500 gr was 2.59% and and in neonates with body weight equal to or above the 2500% gr was 0.91%.The difference between them is significant(P=0.0264). Between the congenital anomaly incidence in neonates by then maternal age and pariety aren’t significant difference. The difference between anomalies incidence in single fetus deliveries and multiple fetus in significant(p=0.0244). The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with relative parents was 2.14% and in other newborns was 0.9% .The difference between them significant (P<0.005)
Farah Sabooni , Babak Namaee , Ali Ahamd Goudarzi,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Mumps of epidemic parotitis is a viral infection usually characterized by the develoement of parotitis. Several complications including meningoencephalitis, deafness, orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, nephritis, and diabetes mellitus have been reported. CNS, ophthalmologic and hearing and cardiac complications are very important.The study is on 131 patients under the age of 15. More than 85percent of cases were under the age of 11 who were in school age. Male to female ratio was 3:1. The most common complaints and physical disorders were vomiting 73.75percent, fever 49.6 percent and swelling of parotid 41.22percent CSF Pleocytosis has been reported in 42.74 percent of cases and leukocyte counts were under 500cells IMM3 in more than 70 percent of patients that lymphocytes were predominant. Serum amylase increased in 70.8 percent. Vomiting, nausea, fever, headache parotid enlargement, convulsion, abdominal pain similar to appendicitis, adema of neck, face and upper ches, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, hematemesis petechial, testicular enlargement, arthraigia and deathness also have been reported in this study.
Ghasem Mosayebi , Khaki Mohsen, Kamran Moshfeghi ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Seral of 121 vasectomized and 45 samples of normal individuals examined by tray agglutination test for Anti-Spem Antibodies(ASA). ASA were found in more than 83% of vasectomized and 6.5% of control subjects. The Presence of ASA in two groups has been significantly different. (P<0.0001). Enhancement of ASA titer showed a positive correlation with the post time after vasectomy.
Mozhgan Hashemieh , Mohammad Taghi Arzaniyan ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
The pattern of Hodgkins disease was studied in 82 Iranian children in Mofid childrens Hospital over a 10- year period. There were 60 boys (73.2%) and 22 girls (2608%). The mean ages was 7years. According to Ann Arbor staging system, there have been 13 stagel (15.9% ) stagell ( 36.6%), 32 stagell (39%) and 7 stage IV patients (8.5%), 35 patients (42.7%) showed constitutional symptoms ( B group). The histologic subtypes among 82 children with Hodgkins disease has been mixed cellularity(45.1%), followed by nodular sclerosis (32.9%) and Lymphocyte predominant(18.3%). Lymphocyte depletion occurred only in three patients (3.7%). Most patients complaint about indolent peripheral lymphadenopathy as the initial sign of Hodgkins disese. Primary tumor sites were in the followed frequency: cervical (91.5%) of all patients), axillary (26.8%), inguinal (9.7%) and supraclavicular (8.5%) lymphonoders. 15 patients had received radiotherapy, 32 chemotherapy and 31 combined modality treatment. The disease free survival for 66 patients under follow up was 80% with mean time of 35 months.
Jalil Kardan , Hossein Kazemian, Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis are environmental organisms that are normally found in soil and water. Many of the mycobacterial species that have been described in the past decade are involved in human diseases, especially in patients with AIDS and immunocompromised HIV-negative patients. In this study, pathogenicity and clinical significance of new species of mycobacteria were evaluated. A total of 63 new species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, recognized in the past ten years (2003-2013), were classified in different Runyon groups. Approximately, 40 isolates were reported to infect human. Of these, 27 (67.5%) were non-chromogenic and 13 (32.5%) were scotochromogenic. The majority of the 40 isolates belong to the slow grower group. Photochromogenic species were not pathogenic to human. The most frequent infections included respiratory infections in elderly people and cervical lymphadenitis in children caused by Mycobacterium kyorinense and Mycobacterium mantenii, respectively. NTM also causes disseminated infections, the most frequent agents of which are M. boenickei, M. houstonense, M. neworleansense, and M. brisbanense in immunocompromised HIV-negative persons. Some of the NTMs, such as Mycobacterium riyadhense, are considered the primary pathogens for human. Considering the progressive spread of HIV co-infected mycobacteria in recent years, accurate identification of these agents’ pathogenicity, drug resistance, and appropriate treatment in epidemic regions, such as Iran, is essential.
Babak Eshrati, Maryam Shakiba, Ali Khorshidi, Ali Akbar Mabodi, Habibollah Rahimi,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin versus oral hypoglycemic drugs for gestational diabetes treatment, using evidence based medicine approach.
Materials and Methods: This secondary study was conducted by selecting a comprehensive systematic review through searching the Cochrane library. To calculate the number needed to treat (NNT), outcomes such as cesarean section, macrosomia, birth weight more than 90th percentile, operative vaginal delivery, labor induction, post partum hemorrhage, and shoulder dystocia has been considered while neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU hospitalization and fetal distress were considered for calculating number needed to harm (NNH). To calculate the likelihood of helped versus harmed (LHH), macrosomia and hypoglysmia were selected. Data were analyzed with Wilson score test.
Results: The NNT for above outcomes were 3, -14, -5, 16, -3, 31, and 32, respectively. Among them cesarean section was significance. Calculated NNH for side effects were 6, 15, and -17 which only was significance for neonatal hypoglycemia (p<0.05). The LHH was estimated -0.43.
Conclusion: Considering LHH, it seems that the benefit of insulin in management of gestational diabetes is more than metformin. But with respect to issues such as low sample size of trials, lack of assessment the maternal hypoglysemia as complication of insulin therapy, the findings should be considered cautiously.
Yaser Khaje Bishak, Laleh Payahoo, Aziz Homayouni Rad, Behjat Shokrvash,
Volume 17, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Obesity, the most common health problem, can result in the incidence of many chronic diseases. genetic and environmental factors can affect its incidence. Differences in the population of gut microbiota in lean and obese subjects and interaction between them, has led to a field of investigation about the effects of intestinal microbiota in the obesity occurrence. In the other hand, the use of functional foods has been shown positive effects in the prevention of obesity. This study was aimed to assess the differences between gut microbiota in obese and normal people, their roles in energy homeostasis and the mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics in the management of obesity.
Materials and Methods: All articles indexed in the valid scientific data bases published between 2000 And 2014 were Searched and reviewed using probiotics, prebiotics, obesity and gut microbiota as key words and results were examined.
Results: A group of gut microbiota facilitates energy extraction from the diet that results in fat storage in adipose tissues. bacteroidetes as a residing bacterial in the gut is in fewer amount, inversely, firmicutes as another residing bacterial is in higher amount in obese people, and it changed in lean individuals, inversely. Differences in the extraction of energy in subjects were attributed to differences in the composition in gut microbiota. archaea species that resident in the gut involved in energy homeostasis through increasing the ability of fermentation, electron production and removing the energy. In addition to, the probiotic and prebiotic supplements have roles in the prevention of obesity via stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria, production of short chain fatty acids, modulating the secretion of hormones involved in energy homeostasis.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to identify the specific probiotic bacteria and other effective functional foods in management of obesity.
Hadi Darvishi Khezri, Tahmasebi Homeyra ,
Volume 17, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most frequent infection occurring in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a serious issue and remains a significant clinical problem for critically ill patients. The aim of this review article is to evaluate studies to conclude the best existing evidence for providing oral hygiene to intensive care unit patients receiving mechanical ventilation, determine the clinical evidence considering chlorhexidine, and to document a research to improve care interventions used for oral care in the critical patients.
Materials and Methods: Searching was performed in the databases: Sciencedirect, SID, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Springer and PubMed for accessibility to the studies carried out regarding with chlorhexidine mouthwash and ventilator-associated pneumonia between 1991 to 2014 years by using keywords: chlorhexidine mouthwash and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Results: Although oral care with chlorhexidine cause a reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, but no evidence exists on decrease of mortality in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted in the intensive care unit following its using. Conclusion: Base on this current review article can be said that protective effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash has proved in oral health and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical patients, but unfortunately no evidence exists to the appropriate protocol for using of chlorhexidine mouthwash in these patients.
Shahla Shahsavandi,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background: Direct transmission of avian influenza viruses with human receptor binding specificity to humans is a serious risk of newly emerging virus responsible for pandemy. The analysis of recent avian influenza hemagglutinin sequences and their glycans show their affinities to the human sialic acid receptors. The upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN genes, and host cell death responses contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza infection. Understanding the host cell-virus interactions and replication dynamic of the viruses in different cells is an essential step in surveillance and controlling programs against influenza.
Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Aziz Homayouni Rad, Sakineh Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi, Kolsoum Shokri,
Volume 18, Issue 8 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background: Constipation is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and the use of probiotics is considered as a new solution in prevention and treatment of constipation. The aim of this study is to review the clinical evidence about probiotics effects in the prevention and treatment of constipation.
Materials and Methods: To review the accessible evidence about efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of constipation, the search of key words such as constipation, probiotic and yoghurt are conducted in databases Pubmed, Medlinplus and Cochran from 1980-2013 and of 49 articles about constipation, 16 yandomized controlled clinical trial articles and 3 pre-test and post-test randomized trials that investigated the effects of probiotics on constipation were included in this study.
Results: Probiotics produced lactic acid and fatty acids with short chains that decrease the colon pH and stimulate muscular contractions and intestinal peristalsis. Some of probiotics can increase the mucous discharge and change linked bile salts to free bile salts entering much water to colon and leads to soft defecation.
Conclusion: Considering studies, daily use of probiotics such as lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria lactic 105-1011 CFU/gr for at least 1-2 weeks can help to decrease constipation.
Elnaz Vaghef Mehrabani, Leila Vaghef Mehrabani, Sharareh Norouzi, Somayyeh Ziyadi, Aziz Homayouni Rad,
Volume 18, Issue 9 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome, a concurrence of overweight and abdominal fat distribution, disturbed glucose and insulin metabolism, mild dyslipidemia and hypertension is among the most important issues that man deals with, in today's world. Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, can confer a health benefit on the host. The aim of the present study was to review the clinical evidence available regarding the role of probiotics in improvement of disorders associated with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: In this research, clinical trials performed between 2000-2014 were searched in two databases, Pubmed and ScienceDirect. In both databases “Probiotics”, “metabolic syndrome” and each of its elements were used as the key words.
Results: Probiotics may reduce body weight through manipulating the gut flora. Through reducing inflammation and immune-regulation, probiotics decrease insulin resistance. They also improve lipid profile through reducing cholesterol absorption and producing short chain fatty acids, as well as deconjugating bile acids and converting cholesterol to coprostanol. Moreover, probiotics have been suggested to have a hypotensive effect through release of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides, through proteolytic action.
Conclusion: Although some clinical trials have failed to obtain beneficial effects of probiotics on metabolic syndrome related situations, a majority of the studies have shown positive results for these microorganisms in this regard. Thus, probiotics can be looked upon as a novel approach when either prevention or alleviation of metabolic syndrome is aimed.
Ali Ghazavi, Ali Ganji, Mohsen Khaki, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: There are two philosophies about the origin of the immune system, defense and homeostasis. In this article, the existential philosophy of the immune system was reviewed, in which the defense role is only part of its homeostasis functions.
Materials and Methods: The Medline was searched for terms such as “Homeostasis”، “Immunculus”، “Natural autoantibody” “Evaluation” and “Immune system”.
Findings: Hemostasis is the most important part of immune regulation and the existential philosophy of this system, so that its defensive role is only part of homeostasis functions. Natural antibodies play this role as immune reflection by showing qualitative and quantitative changes in the antigenic composition of the body. Therefore, the level of natural antibodies can also serve as a prognostic marker.
Conclusion: Although many improvements have been made in explaining the hemostatic role of the immune system, many studies have to be conducted to identify its particular aspects.
Marziyeh Tavalaee , Nasim Eskandari, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Globozoospermia is a severe sperm morphological abnormality in men that characterized by round-headed spermatozoa with low or absence acrosome structure in their sperm samples. In these men, high level of DNA damage and abnormal chromatin packaging also were reported. These deficiencies can consider as the main etiologies of infertility in these infertile men. The aim of this article is to study the sperm chromatin structure in infertile men with globozoospermia.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review article, 77 articles related to protamine deficiency, DNA damage, aneuploidy in globozoospermic men were collected via data bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus since 1971-2017.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ACECR.ROYAN.REC.1396.204 have been approved at research ethics committee of Royan Institute.
Findings: Mean percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were significantly higher in infertile men with globozoospermia compared to fertile men. While, the results of chromosome aneuploidy were controversial in infertile men with globozoospermia within studies.
Conclusion: In addition to abnormal acrosome formation, as main etiology of failed fertilization, in infertile men with globozoospermia, high level of sperm abnormal chromatin packaging and DNA damage can be also involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, antioxidant therapy before intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection technique were suggested for these individuals to minimize sperm chromatin damage.
Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi, Mojtaba Habibi , Sara Sepahvand, Ali Moghaddam Zadeh, Fahimeh Lavassani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to present a conceptual model of spiritual well-being in prevention of substance abuse in adolescent.
Materials and Methods: The present study was done with a qualitative meta-synthesis with systematic review of the studies present in the foreign and Iranian journals about spiritual well-being and the role of them in prevention of substance abuse in adolescents. The population of this study consisted of non-interventional archive studies that were done during 1986 -2016 in Oxford Journal, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Taylor&Francis, ProQuest, Springer, Iranmedex, Irandoc, SID and Magiran. Keywords were including of spiritual well-being, spirituality, prevention of substance abuse and adolescents.
Ethical Considerations: This study with ethics code 8797/1129 has been approved by Farabi Campus of University of Tehran.
Findings: After reviewing and evaluating the quality of the research, eventually 73 papers and theses included 8 Persian articles, 65 English papers including 11 theses and 54 articles were found and dissertations and finally conceptual model based on fisher (1998) theory's, wree presented. On this ground, subcategory of spiritual well-being was consisted of three theme of relationship with others, relationship with self and relationship with God. Each of them consisted of two subtheme of psychological health (interpersonal and intimate) and psychological well-being(interpersonal and intimate).
Conclusion: The results showed that spiritual well-being influenced on multiple dimensions of adolescent psychological health and well-being and prevention of adolescent substance abuse from this way.
Ali Ganji, Amir Mohammad Saeedi, Ali Ghazavi, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, it is important to find newer, more selective, and more effective therapies for this disease. One of these methods that have attracted many researchers is using anticancer peptides regarding their specificity, lower side effects, and higher effectiveness on the cancer cells. One type of anticancer peptides is antimicrobial peptides. Although they have already been studied and introduced as potential agents to fight infectious diseases, only recently they have been used as a new way of cancer treatment. For decades, antimicrobial peptides have been considered a component of the native immune system; however, they can also be used as anticancer peptides due to their mechanisms and properties. This new therapeutic approach can provide a promising pathway for optimal cancer treatment with fewer side effects.
Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani, Majid Ramezani, Hossein Poorcheraghi, Seyed Mohammad Afzali, Parand Pirouzi, Sina Atashi, Ali Zarei,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim Among the plants with multiple healing properties and a long and common history of use in Iranian traditional medicine, is dog-rose plant with the scientific name of “Rosa canina” that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of Rosa canina in treatment of different body organs and tissues and emphasizes its therapeutic mechanism.
Methods & Materials This is a review study. About 176 papers published from 2010 to 2018 were extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, MagIran, and SID databases using related keywords and entered into study.
Ethical Considerations Ethical issues (including plagiarism, misconduct, data fabrication, falsification, double publication or submission, redundancy) have been completely observed by the authors.
Results Different studies had indicated the importance of Rosa canina as a medicinal plant protecting liver, lowering glucose and lipid levels, and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest flavonoid activity in the Rosaceae family is related to Rosa canina. The use of herbal extracts in the treatment of common diseases, such as diabetes, fatty liver, urinary tract and Alzheimer's, has been recommended.
Conclusion High qualitative and quantitative diversity of effective ingredients, ease of access, absence of adverse effects of consumption and endemic nature of Rosa canina plant make it necessary to use it for the control and treatment of common human diseases.
