---

Background: Human &beta-defensin 126 (12kDa) is a small cationic glycoprotein that is highly rich of cysteine. DEFB126 gene is located on the subtelomeric end of 20p1.3 in human. High expression of this protein is reported in epididymis. This polypeptide coats the plasma membrane of sperm during epididy‌mal transit. It is likely that &beta -defensin 126 might have role in unexplained male infertility since it involves in sperm maturation and capacitation. The current research designed to investigate if there is relation between &beta-defensin 126 gene mutation and unexplained male infertility.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study we followed a two cytosine nucleotides deletion of &beta-defensin 126 gene in 35 Iranian men with unexplained infertility and 40 fertile men with normal spermogeram as control group. Standard PCR, SSCP(Single strand conformational polymorphism), and sequencing were used to detect genetic alteration of &beta-defensin 126. ELISA was performed for the assessment of the protein expression on sperm cells.

Results: Analysis of genetic data revealed 28.6% homozygote deletion in unexplained infertile men while this deletion was detected in 7.5% of controls. The deletion frequency was statistically higher in infertile patients than normal control group (p<0.05). The protein expression was less in men with del/del genotype compare to the other genotypes (p<0.005).

Conclusion: Our study shows that this common sequence variation of &beta-defensin 126 takes part in impairment of male reproductive function. Consequently, men with the del/del genotype are significantly less fertile than men who carry the wild type allele.

---

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens with high mortality rates. OprD is the major resistance mechanism to carbapeneme antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of the genes encoding these efflux pumps using qRT-PCR.

Materials and Methods: This study examined 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to various hospitals in the Hamedan. Conventional phenotypic tests were used for identifying the 100 collected samples, then 31 samples were selected based on type of collected specimen and antibiotic susceptibility test i.e. antibiotic disk diffusion method performed for aminoglycoside, quinolone and carbapenem antibiotics. Furthermore, MIC method was performed for imipenem. Finally, RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA for determining the efflux pump genes expression using qRT-PCR.

Results: Among 8 selected antibiotics, the greatest resistance was for levofloxacin (61.2%, n=19) and the lowest one for imipenem (9.6%, n=3). The results of MIC were to imipenem 12 samples (38.7%) resistant, 13 samples (41.93%) intermediate, and 6 samples (19.35%) sensitive. The OprD gene was present in all strains but different expression has been observed. The strains with over expression of OprD gene showed high sensitivity towards carbapenems family antibiotics especially imipenem.

Conclusion: Identifying of bacterial resistance mechanisms is very complicated and extensive due to different mechanisms involved for similar antibiotics. OprD is main cause of attachment to the carbapenems family antibiotics. The more expression of OprD shows the more antibiotic sensitivity.

---

Background: Hydatidosis is one of the dengerous zoonotic diseases that cause serious problems for human health, as well as major economic losses for livestock industry. Due to the nature of the parasite life cycle and also the structure of the cyst in human, the control of parasite in community is difficult and its treatment has faced with a major challenge. One of these challenges is inactivating the protoscolices for treatment purposes and preventing secondary cysts. Different chemicals have been used in the treatment of cyst that most of them had serious side effects for the patient. The aim of this study was investigating the scolicidal effects of some herbal extracts in vitro.

Materials and Methods: Liver hydatid cysts were collected from slaughterhouse the cysts fluid containing live protoscolex was aspirated aseptically and stored at 4°C until use. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg per ml) of each extract (ginger and artemisia) prepared and protoscoleces placed into incubator at 37^oC. The viability of the protoscoleces was determined by eosin staining method at the times 5, 10, 25, 40 and 60 minutes.

Results: The methanolic extract of ginger at the concentration of 100 mg/ml leads to kill all of protoscoleces at 40 minutes. While the artemisia extract in none of   investigated concentrations had not much effect on the protoscoleces.

Conclusion: The study of animal models and complementary tests showed that methanolic extract of ginger can be used as an effective protoscolex for it has high activity.

---

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important causes of abortion and postpartum infection in newborns. Because of the importance of L . monocytogenes in the health of pregnant women and newborn babies, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these bacteria in pregnant women and to compare the level of prevalence between women with a history of abortion and with no a history of abortion.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 540 samples of pregnant women were provided from Arak Taleghani hospital. The samples were cultured in enrichment media, then L .monocytogenesis was isolated in specific media.

Results: Of clinical samples, 14 cases had Listeria monocytogenes. Of these samples, 8 cases in women had a history of abortion, while women with no history of abortion were 6 Most cases of positive culture were related to the age of 25 to 34 years, including 7 cases, the lowest cases were 35 to 44 years old including 3 women and 4 women were between 17 and 24 years old.

Conclusion: The study showed that Listeria monocytogenes can cause infection in pregnant women. The use of Phenotypic methods and specific media can apparently isolate listeria monocytogenes from healthy pregnant women.

---

Background: Considering the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in females with OCD and its impact on marital satisfaction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual function and marital satisfaction in a group of female OCD patients.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 females with OCD, referred to the clinic of Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital (related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences) and 3 private offices in Tehran, were selected by random sampling and completed questionnaires including: demographic FSFI, BDI-II, MOCI, OCI-R and researcher-developed marital satisfaction questionnaire.

Results: 80.6% of women reported sexual dysfunction. The results of studying sexual function questionnaire subscales was as following: 50 % low sexual desire, 58.3 % low sexual arousal, 36.1 % decreased lubrication, 44 % orgasmic disorder, 52.8 % sexual pain disorder and 41.7 % sexual dissatisfaction. Furthermore, statistically significant correlation was found between sexual dysfunction (total score and arousal, lubrication, pain and satisfaction subscales) and marital dissatisfaction. Studying the relation between obession(MOCI questionnaire) and marital satisfaction revealed that the correlation between washing subscale of MOCI and marital dissatisfaction was also significant while there were not any significant correlation between obsession (OCJ-R, MOCI) and sexual function (FSFI).

Conclusion: High prevalence of sexual dysfunction in OCD patients, significant relationship between obsession and marital satisfaction, and sexual function and marital satisfaction could demonstrate relationship between sexual function, OCD and marital satisfaction.

---

Background: High intensity training can lead to lower the appetite. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of folate supplementation on ghrelin level of stomach and insulin level of serum in male wistar rats during 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT).

Materials and Methods: Twenty seven male Wistar rats (weight= 203.94±27.34 gr, Age: 9 weeks) after one week familiarization, were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=6), folate supplementation (n=6), (HIIT) (n=7) and HIIT+ folate supplement (n=8). HIIT training protocol started with 30 m/min running on treadmill for 1 min with 10 reps and 2 min active rest at the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min for 1 min with 7 reps and 3 min active rest at last 3 weeks. Acylated ghrelin level of stomach tissue and serum level of insulin were assayed by ELISA kit.

Results: The results of Kruskal-vallis analysis showed that the ghrelin level of stomach was increased significantly (p=0.001) in folate+HIIT in compare with HIIT group. Also, insulin level of serum was decreased significantly (p=0.001) in folate +HIIT in compare with control and HIIT groups.

Conclusion: Based on our results, folate supplementation during high intensity interval training, increased the ghrelin of stomach and decreased the insulin level of serum. So, it seems that folate supplementation can prevent from losing appetite in athletes who train with high intensity training with interval type.

---

Abstract

Background: Probiotics are known as a factor for prevention of infectious diseases such as urinary tract infection(UTI). The present study aimed to investigate the positive effects of probiotics on urinery truct infection of cateterized intensive care unit patients.

Materials and Methods: In a triple blind clinical trial, 125 cateterized intensive care unit patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups, Treatment group (n = 63) was well matched with placebo group (n = 62) for age and sex and duration of admission .Case group received one lactocare capsule for 10 days and control group with a same method received placebo for 10 days. In both groups urine analysis and urine culture were measured with a same method at the first day and then twentieth day and finally data were analysed with t-test.

Results: The incidence of urinary tract infection between treatment and control group (respectively 17.4% and 22.5%) had no statistically significant difference (p=0.672). But, in terms of sex, incidence of urinary tract infections in women compared to men with the same condition was significantly different(p=0.002). In treatment group with long term cathetrization, urinary tract infections significantly were significantly different(p=0.041).

Conclusion: Administration of lactocare capsule has no statistically significant impact on the incidence of urinery truct infection of cateterized intensive care unit patients. In comparsion of cateterized men and women receiving probiotics, the reduction of urinary tract infection in women was more than in men. Probiotics had preventive effects on long term catheterization.

---

---

---

---

Background and Aim: Women are the central pillar of social development and the main axis of family health. Success, survival, and promotion of society depend on the health of women in society. Since Health Promotion lifestyle and psychological well-being are important determinants of health, this study was conducted to determine the Health Promotion lifestyle and psychological well-being in women attending the health centers of Arak City in 2019.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, among women who attended health centers in Arak City, 221 women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by continuous sampling and the form of demographic information, health promoting lifestyle profile-Ii (HPLP-II), and Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaire was completed. Data were described using descriptive statistics of frequency, frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, and data analysis by analysis of variance, independent t-test, and regression using SPSS software v. 19.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Deputy of Iran University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1398.609).
Results: The mean health-promoting lifestyle in the study units was 135.96; the mean physical activity components were 16.31; The mean nutrition was 26.41, with the lowest and highest scores, respectively. The mean psychological well-being in the study units was 72.29. The mean components of purpose in life were 10.76, and the mean personal growth was 13.19, with the lowest and highest scores, respectively. Age, chronic diseases, employment, number of children, and alcohol consumption had a significant negative relationship with a health-promoting lifestyle, and a woman’s and her husband’s education had a significant positive relationship with a health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.05). Overall demographic variables predict as much as 13% of health-promoting lifestyles. Age, number of children, and chronic physical and psychological diseases had a significant negative relationship with psychological well-being and economic status. A woman’s and her husband’s education had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being. Overall, demographic variables predict as much as 10% of psychological well-being. 
Conclusion: Considering that health-promoting lifestyle and psychological well-being are two critical determinants of health, studying these two indicators and the factors affecting them can help Intervention planning to promote women’s physical and mental health.

---

Background & Aim: Infertility is defined as inability to become pregnant with regular sexual intercourse for more than one year without using preventive methods. Infertility has negative effects on the quality of life of infertile couples. this thesis was done with the purpose of investigating the effecte of infertility counseling to improve the quality of life among infertile couples
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on sixty infertile couples with primary infertility in2017. Samples were allocated to an intervention (30 couples) and a control group (30 couples) by simple randomization. Even days of the first week, the intervention group and in the odd days, control group samples were selected, and the opposite was done in the following week. The intervention group received infertility counseling for six forty-five-minute sessions twice a week. However, control group received routine care. FertiQoL questionnaire was completed before and after intervention. For data analysis SPSS 19 software and Paired T-Test statistical tests , Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square Test, were used.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical code is IR.KMU.REC.1395.678  in Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Findings: Comparison of the differences between the mean of quality of life in the intervention and control groups before counseling and after counseling indicated  that infertility counseling increased Meaningful quality of life in the intervention group (p <0.0001) 
Conclusion: The results indicated infertility counseling can improve the quality of life among infertile couples. Therefore, it can lead to more satisfaction and cooperation in infertility treatment.

---

---

---

Abstract:
Background
CAP ( community acquired pneumonia ) is one of the most common infectious diseases that leads to hospitalization of patients. Also, the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the functioning of the immune system and its association with infectious diseases such as CAP have received much attention in recent years. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence and severity of CAP pneumonia in this study.
Methods
In this case-control study, 75 patients with CAP  and 75 healthy individuals were evaluated and serum levels of vitamin D in these two groups were measured and compared.
Results
The present study shows that for each unit increase in serum vitamin D level, the need for hospitalization in the ICU according to the IDSA criterion is reduced by seven percent and according to the CURB65 criterion, the need for hospitalization in the ward and ICU is reduced by fifteen percent. Vitamin D deficiency also increases the chance of developing community-acquired pneumonia by 3.08 times. And for every unit increase in vitamin D, the chance of developing community-acquired pneumonia decreases by 4 percent. And in people with vitamin D deficiency, the chance of being admitted to the ICU according to IDSA is 2.05 times and according to CURB65 is 2.84 times.
Conclusions
Overall, based on the results of this study, it is concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence as well as a greater severity of community acquired pneumonia.
 

---

Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a rare disease with different inheritance patterns. The prevalence of this disease is about 1.8 per 100 thousand people. Most of the affected patients are the result of consanguineous marriages. Weakness and muscle spasm is the main manifestation of this disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutation analysis of a person with hereditary spastic paraplegia by the whole exome sequencing method.
Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a person suffering from gait disorder and lower limb spasm with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. DNA extraction and whole exome sequencing was performed. After analyzing the data related to the whole exome sequence, the disease-causing mutation in the affected person was confirm using Sanger sequencing method. Also, parents were investigated to separate mutation and carrier status. This study was approved by Arak University of Medical Sciences (code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1401.039). Ethical principles have been followed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and COPE regulations.
Results: In the present study, a homozygous pathogenic mutation (NM_030954.4): c.304T>C (p.Cys102Arg) in the RNF170 gene was identified in the patient, therefor, hereditary spastic paraplegia type 85 was confirmed in him. Also, the parents of the affected person were heterozygous for the mutation.
Conclusions: Homozygous mutation in RNF170 gene was detected using whole exome sequencing method. A mutation in this gene causes hereditary spastic paraplegia. Considering the consanguineous marriage of carrier parents, this finding can be used for preventive measures in future children.

---

On average, patients suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis after about seven years, their disease turns into fibrosis and reversibility at this stage becomes very difficult because this disease is an irreversible stage of the disease. Fatty liver is non-alcoholic (2). Researches have come to the conclusion that liver inflammation and insulin resistance decrease and insulin sensitivity increases with sports activity (3). TNF-α has a high inflammatory effect; So that different agents and species of this family and their receptors play a role in NASH disease and liver fibrosis (5). However, exercise increases prostaglandins and cAMP. The mentioned hormones inhibit the function of TNF-α (6). On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokines increase due to exercise and inhibit the increase of TNF-α. With the increase in production and secretion of TNF-α, other inflammatory factors such as TGF-β1 signaling are activated and fibrosis signaling will start in liver cells (5). TGF-β1 (Transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of the members of the large family of transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) and a key cytokine in obesity and insulin resistance (7). In a research, during 48 weeks of applying a high-fat diet to rats, they found that steatosis occurs in the liver of rats from the eighth week onwards, and the amount of TGF-β1 in them increased significantly. In the end, they came to the conclusion that this factor can be one of the main characteristics of determining the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH (10). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the new training models whose positive effects have been identified in a variety of metabolic diseases (13). On the other hand, there are very few researches about the effect of aquatic environment and swimming on the improvement of metabolism and inflammation in NASH patients. Based on the results of a systematic review in 2018, it was shown that endurance exercise in water improved systemic inflammation and weight control (18). Despite the conflicting results in this field and the beneficial effects of exercise in water and also human's innate interest in water, the effect of high-intensity interval exercise in water in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has not been observed by the researchers of this study. Therefore, the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training in water on inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was investigated.
Materials and methods
In this study, eight-week-old rats were divided into two groups: healthy (n=20) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=20). After eight weeks and proof of disease induction, the HFD group was randomly divided into two groups: control-disease (n=9) and exercise-disease (n=9); Also, the healthy group was divided into two groups: control-healthy (n=9) and exercise-healthy (n=9). The rats in the training group performed HIIT swimming training, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time, for eight weeks (three days a week). One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test (P<0.05) were used to determine the difference between groups.
Ethical Considerations
The proposal of this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REHAB.REC.1400.008).
Findings:
As shown in diagram 1; Based on the results of the one-way analysis of variance test, it can be said that there was a significant difference between the mean TNF-α blood serum (P=0.001). According to the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test, these differences in blood serum TNF-α variable between the control-healthy and control-disease groups (P=0.001), exercise-disease (P=0.001) and exercise-healthy (P=0.002), control-disease with exercise-disease (P=0.012) and exercise-healthy (P=0.001), exercise-healthy with exercise-disease (P=0.002) was.
According to graph 2, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in TGFβ1 variable in all four groups (p=0.068). However, by comparing the averages, it is found that the amount of TGFβ1 protein has decreased by 49.1968% in the patient-exercise group after high-intensity intermittent swimming exercise compared to the control-patient group. Meanwhile, this protein in the exercise-healthy group was reduced by 45.2741% compared to the control-patient. Figure 1 shows the protein bands related to TGFβ1 protein.
Discussion and conclusion: The results of the present research showed that high-intensity intermittent swimming exercises reduce inflammatory and fibrotic factors, and in general, it can be concluded that eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent swimming exercises improve the inflammatory and fibrotic factors associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. . However, to obtain a definitive result, this type of exercise should be studied in human studies in this patient community.
Appreciation and thanks: This article is taken from the master's thesis in sports physiology (first author) of Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, with ethics code IR.SUMS.REHAB.REC.1400.008. In the end, we sincerely thank all friends and colleagues who helped us during the stages of this research.
Conflict of interest:The authors of this article have no mutual benefit from its publication.
Authors' share (participation rate): All four authors participated in the preparation of this article.
Key words: high-intensity swimming interval training, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta

 

---

Introduction: Sequential word learning is a crucial aspect of memory research in cognitive neuroscience, emphasizing the importance of recalling words at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a sequence. This study aims to investigate the extent of primacy and recency effects in patients with neglect syndrome caused by right parietal lobe damage.
Methods: This case-control study involved 18 patients with parietal lobe tumors, divided into two groups: 9 patients with neglect syndrome and nine without. Patients referred to the neurosurgery department of Shahid Tajrish Hospital with right parietal lobe lesions underwent neurological and psychological evaluations, including the cancellation test, line bisection test, copying test, and the 5-point test. Those diagnosed with neglect syndrome formed the syndrome group, while the rest constituted the control group. Both groups participated in immediate recall (short-term memory) and delayed recall (long-term memory) tests for sequential word learning, with results analyzed for primacy and recency effects.
Results: Among the 18 patients, 61% were men and 39% were women. Analysis of immediate and short-term memory tests for sequential word learning revealed no significant differences in primacy and recency effects between the two groups.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that patients with right parietal lobe damage and neglect syndrome do not exhibit significant differences in primacy or recency effects in verbal memory during sequential word learning compared to the control group. Consequently, immediate and short-term memory appears relatively unaffected in these patients.

---

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the lifestyle of improving the health and emotional distress of women undergoing infertility treatment with the in vitro fertilization (IVF) method.
Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included women undergoing infertility treatment with the IVF method referring to the infertility center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in the first six months of 2012. In this research, 27 women undergoing infertility treatment with IVF method were selected by voluntary sampling method and replaced by random method in test and control groups. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy (10 sessions) for two and a half months. A health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLP) and an emotional distress questionnaire (Lavibond and Lavibond, 1995) were used as research tools. The data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: It showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the lifestyle level improves health (Eta = 0.56, F = 19.74) and has a significant effect on the dimensions of emotional disorders such as depression (P < 0.0001, Eta = 0.58, F = 0.58). F = 34), anxiety (P > 0001; Eta = 0.59; F = 35.69), and stress (P > 0.0001; Eta = 0.61; F = 40.12) of women undergoing infertility treatment with the IVF, and has been able to lead to increase a healthy lifestyle, reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in these individuals.
Conclusions: Acceptance and commitment therapy, utilizing six psychological acceptance processes, cognitive breakdown, self under context, interaction with the present, specified values, and committed behavior, can be used as an effective treatment to reduce emotional distress in women undergoing IVF infertility treatment.

---

Introduction: Some intracranial surgeries must be performed while the patient is awake. Awake craniotomy is an intracranial surgical procedure in which the patient remains in a state of controlled consciousness while the surgery is performed. The aim of this study was to present a case of intracranial surgery to remove a tumor in the right frontal cortex using awake craniotomy.
Case Report: This report describes the anesthetic management of a 22-year-old male undergoing craniotomy with a fully awake technique. This was the first case of craniotomy performed entirely awake (from the beginning to the end of the operation) at Arak University of Medical Sciences and Valiasr Hospital in Arak, After preoperative preparation and evaluation, scalp nerve blocks targeting the cranial nerves innervating the scalp and head muscles were administered at specific sites. Mild sedation was provided using oxygen supplementation, followed by surgical incision. The lesion was examined intraoperatively while the patient remained awake, and the tumor was safely excised under full wakefulness. A combination of local and regional anesthesia and light intravenous sedation was utilized. Two types of local anesthetics, lidocaine 1.5% and bupivacaine 2.5%, were used for anesthesia, as well as intravenous sedatives and anesthetics such as propofol, remifentanil, and dexmedetomidine were administered for sedation. Throughout the operation, the patient was awake and breathing spontaneously, and the function of the brain nerves during the operation could be evaluated. Finally, the patient's surgery was performed without any complications and in stable condition, and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit in good general condition, awake and fully alert.
Conclusions: Although maintaining analgesia and hemodynamic and adequate ventilation during fully awake craniotomy poses challenges, this technique is critical for intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerve function and preventing neurological deficits. By precisely administering scalp nerve blocks and carefully titrating sedatives (propofol, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine), we successfully performed the procedure under full wakefulness. With this method, potential surgical complications are prevented, and the patient also experiences satisfactory painlessness. Applying this technique was satisfactory for our patient.