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Background and Aim: Considering the importance of childhood obesity and easier correction of related factors in this age group, the present study aimed to investigate the role of some factors related to family, nutrition, and lifestyle on childhood obesity.
Methods & Materials: This age-matched case-control study was performed on 150 obese and 150 healthy children, aged 2-15 years referring to Amir-Kabir Hospital in Arak City, Iran. Obesity was calculated based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Required information, including family factors, nutritional factors, and lifestyle characteristics were collected by a checklist.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.119).
Results The results of Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Interval (CI) were in favor of father’s age of 25-35 and over 35 years (0.24), respectively, father’s overweight and obesity (3.87 and 3.57), mother’s overweight and obesity (3.81 and 5.5)7, more than three children per household (3.33), low and high consumption of fruits and vegetables (0.3 and 0.19), breakfast eating (0.43), dietary supplementation (2.68), consuming fast food (3.98), more than two hours of playing a computer game (3.5), chewing well (0.38), using food as a reward (1.89), as well as participating in food and table preparation (3.14). We found a dose-response association between children’s obesity and parents’ BMI, the number of children, and computer games.
Conclusion: Obesity is associated with some factors related to the family, such as nutrition, computer games, and lifestyle characteristics. Due to various risk factors and adjustable safeguards, it is necessary to provide families and children with proper education to reduce obesity. 

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Background and Aim: The protein encoded by the SGO1 gene is a member of the shugoshin family of proteins and protects the centromere during mitosis. lncRNAs are non-coding RNA with 200 nucleotides lengths, i.e., involved in regulating gene expression. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of SGO1 and SGO1-AS1 in different stages of disease progression; we also compared their expression pattern in tumor tissues with healthy tissues in colorectal cancer patients.
Methods & Materials: In total, 40 tissue samples of patients with colorectal cancer were reported according to the examination and criteria with the approval of a pathologist. Besides, 40 normal tissues were sampled from a completely healthy part of the intestine of the same patients. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the Real-time RT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of the desired genes in the study groups. ROC curve analysis was also used to determine the ability of each selected gene to diagnose the disease. 
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahrekord Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.SHKREC.1398.020).
Results The obtained data suggested that SGO1 significantly decreased in the colorectal cancer tumor samples (P<0.001) and SGO1-AS1 LncRNA significantly increased expression, compared to adjacent healthy tissues. Additionally, in the age group of below 60 years, compared to the age group of over 60 years, SGO1 expression increased and SGO1-AS1 expression decreased. Based on the AUC obtained from the ROC diagram, it was found that the SGO1 gene with AUC=0.8041 and SGO1-AS1 with AUC=0.6364 could significantly distinguish a healthy population from patients with colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: According to the collected results, SGO1 -AS1 and SGO1 were significantly reduced and increased in tumor tissue, respectively; however, only the SGO1 gene was introduced as a good marker for diagnosing colorectal cancer.

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Background and Aim: Fungal infections are among the most critical and common issues for hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units. This study aimed to determine the fungal contamination of indoor air and surfaces in sensitive wards of the Arak University of Medical Sciences educational hospitals and determine the drug susceptibility pattern of isolated species.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 63 air samples were taken from sensitive hospital wards using the one-stage Anderson method, and 63 surfaces samples were taken using wet cotton swabs and cultured in saprodextrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol. Identification of the genus and, as far as possible, the species of fungi was performed using the culture method on the slide. Drug susceptibility testing was performed on isolated species by broth microdilution method (CLSI-M38A2 standard). 
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.315).
Results: From the total samples, 18 species of fungi were isolated. These included: Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (4), Aspergillus fumigatus (2), Rhizopus spp. (2), Mucor spp. (1) and Fusarium spp. (1). In the drug sensitivity assay, instances of resistance included: Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus to Itraconazole (1), Partial sensitivity of Aspergillus niger to Ketoconazole (1), and Resistance of Aspergillus niger to Itraconazole (1).
Conclusion: The pattern of nosocomial fungal infection with pathogenic fungi and the drug susceptibility pattern of these organisms in other regions of Iran and the world is relatively consistent with the present study results. And drugs listed in global guidelines for treating these infections, such as voriconazole and caspofungin in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive mucormycosis and Fusarium wilt, are now effective drugs.

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Background and Aim: A common infection in complete or partial denture wearers is denture stomatitis. One of the most important factors in the adhesion of Candida albicans is the surface and chemical properties of the denture base materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the surface roughness and adhesion of Candida albicans to two different types of acrylic materials.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 samples were prepared from each of Vertex and Ivoclar acrylic resin. The surface roughness of the samples was measured by a profilometer. The samples were then placed in a cell suspension of Candida albicans. After incubation and staining with acridine orange, the yeast cells attached to the acrylic samples were counted using a fluorescent microscope. Data were statistically analyzed by T-test.
Ethical considerations: This article is approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the ethics code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.301.
Findings: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of surface roughness between the two study groups (P = 0.311). However, Candida albicans colonization in ivoclar acrylic was significantly lower than vertex acrylic. (P = 0.000).
Conclusion: Differences in surface topography and physical and chemical properties of Vertex and Ivoclar acrylic resin affect the adhesion of Candida albicans.

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Background and Aim: Different implant angulation, which is unavoidable in clinical situations, can affect the accuracy of impression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fixture position on the accuracy of connecting impression coping to implants with internal hex.
Materials and Methods: A gypsum model with 4 implants with internal hex connection was prepared. The implants were installed in different mesiodistal angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees to the longitudinal axis in the gypsum model. To simulate the gums, a gingival mask was injected around the implants to a height of 2 mm. After a training session for senior dental students on how to close the impression coping, forty students were asked to close the impression copings on four implants. The correctness of the impression coping was evaluated by an expert prosthodontist. Data were statistically analyzed using Cochran Q test. Significance level was considered 0.05.
Ethical Considerations: this article is approved by ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The correct performance of students in connecting the impression coping to the implant at angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees was equal to 85%, 72%, 52%, 35%, respectively. With the exception of 0 and 15 degree groups, a statistically significant difference was observed between different study groups.
Conclusion: The fixture position has a significant effect on the accuracy of connecting impression coping to the implants with the internal hex and by increasing the implant angulation, the accurate connection the impression coping to the implant decreases. 

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Abstract:
Background
CAP ( community acquired pneumonia ) is one of the most common infectious diseases that leads to hospitalization of patients. Also, the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the functioning of the immune system and its association with infectious diseases such as CAP have received much attention in recent years. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence and severity of CAP pneumonia in this study.
Methods
In this case-control study, 75 patients with CAP  and 75 healthy individuals were evaluated and serum levels of vitamin D in these two groups were measured and compared.
Results
The present study shows that for each unit increase in serum vitamin D level, the need for hospitalization in the ICU according to the IDSA criterion is reduced by seven percent and according to the CURB65 criterion, the need for hospitalization in the ward and ICU is reduced by fifteen percent. Vitamin D deficiency also increases the chance of developing community-acquired pneumonia by 3.08 times. And for every unit increase in vitamin D, the chance of developing community-acquired pneumonia decreases by 4 percent. And in people with vitamin D deficiency, the chance of being admitted to the ICU according to IDSA is 2.05 times and according to CURB65 is 2.84 times.
Conclusions
Overall, based on the results of this study, it is concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence as well as a greater severity of community acquired pneumonia.
 

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Introduction: Pain of anesthesia injection in children is necessary and one of the most painful local anesthetics is palatal infiltration anesthesia. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of needle gauge on pain and anxiety during palatal infiltration anesthesia injection in children 4-8 years.
Methods: This triple-blind cross-over clinical trial study was performed on 60 children 4-8 years candidates for pulpotomy and SSC treatment of both maxillary first molar teeth. Based on the sequence of using 27- and 30-gauge needles, children were treated during 2 sessions. The anxiety level of children during palatal infiltration local anesthesia was measured using pulse rate (PR) and the pain level of patients was measured using SEM and FPR (objective and subjective criteria).
Results: Anxiety during palatal anesthesia injection with gauge 27 was higher than gauge 30 (treatment effect < 0.001). In subjective and objective criteria, the injection pain in the palatal mucosa with a 27-gauge needle was higher than 30-gauge needle (treatment effect < 0.001). There was no significant difference between earlier and later injection of palatal infiltration with different gauges during treatment sessions (P < 0.05) and according to 0.021 for the period effect, it can be said that the period of receiving two needle gauges had an effect on the average heart rate difference.
Conclusions: The pain of injection in the palatal mucosa with a 27-gauge needle is higher than with a 30-gauge needle, and the use of a 30-gauge needle in the palatal injection of children 4-8 years causes less discomfort than a 27-gauge needle.