---

---

---

Background and Aim: In every age of history, human beings have been afflicted with the fear of disease. Undoubtedly, cancer is among the most concerning diseases; cancer pain is among the major pains. The present study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on multidimensional pain symptoms in patients with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: The present study was applied concerning the purpose and applied a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, a two-month follow-up, and control group design. The statistical population was all women with breast cancer referring to Tehran Cancer Research Center in 2018 who were selected by convenience sampling method, consisting of 30 patients. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and the control group. The repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data. The research instrument was a multidimensional pain questionnaire (West Hyun-Yale) to evaluate multiple pain indices.
Results: The current study results suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on pain experience (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the intervention groups respecting pain experience.
Conclusion Based on the present research findings, cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy impacted the management and pain intensity of patients with breast cancer.

---

Background and Aim: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria inside the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive, pathogenic, and anaerobic cocci, are the primary etiology of root canal infection in treated and untreated teeth and are highly associated with endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity of Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the E. faecalis after root canal filling.
Methods & Materials:  In this experimental study, 25 extracted single canal human anterior teeth were collected, and their crowns were cut. Then after washing and cleaning, and filling, the sterilization was done using an autoclave. Then, except 5 teeth (negative control group), the teeth were smeared with E. faecalis and then divided into 5 groups randomly represented the irrigation by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6%, with a positive control group and negative control group. The teeth were filled with gutta-percha and then incubated in an incubator for 90 days at a temperature of 37°C. Finally, the comparison of CFU in the groups due to abnormal data distribution was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.297).
Results: According to the results of this study, the correlation between the groups of cultured teeth was not significant(P>0.05). The specimens washed with microemulsion of the Thyme 0.6% had the highest positive number of cultures; the specimens washed by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% had the lowest number of cultures.
Conclusion: This study showed that no statistically significant difference exists in their antimicrobial activity after root canal therapy after the use of different wash solutions.

---

Background and Aim: Research has shown that social power affects information processing in many ways and can induce powerful movements or gestures. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pretending power gestures on changing the pain threshold of a group of female students.
Methods & Materials: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female students of Arak University in the academic year 2016-2017, from which 60 people selected by convenience sampling method, and randomly divided into three groups: high power posing (sitting on a chair and putting your feet on the table, placing your hands behind your head and holding your head up), low power posing (sitting on a chair with your legs together, arms between your legs and bending your head to bottom) and control. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and tourniquet technique with cuff pressure gauge (to measure pain threshold) used to collect data. After the pre-test measurements and two minutes of gestures, the post-test was performed immediately. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.276).
Results: The results showed that pretending high/low power gesture significantly affects pain threshold; pretending to have a high-power gesture increases the pain threshold, and pretending to have a low-power gesture lowers the pain threshold.
Conclusion: Based on the results, using power gestures as a simple tool in pain situations is recommended for pain management or as a supplement to analgesics.

---

Background and Aim: Among the different periods of human life, adolescence is one of the most important and valuable periods of each personchrs life and anxiety is very common in this period of development and can continue into adulthood. One of the concerns is health concern so it is the best time to target the efforts of preventive behavior during adolescence. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of group-based puberty counseling on problem-solving health concerns of adolescent girls.
Methods & Materials: This study is an educational trial with a pre-test and post-test design that is performed on 60 female students aged 15-18 years in Tehran (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) who meet the inclusion criteria and by sampling method. Two-stage cluster random sampling was performed. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic information and a standard health concern questionnaire. The intervention was designed by group discussion during 6 sessions for the experimental group and after 2 months, information was collected from both groups and analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.262), and all participants have read and signed the informed consent.
Results: According to the results of the study, before the educational intervention in the experimental group, the mean scores of anxiety in: personal health were 3.90, sexual health was 3.77, communication was 3.83, emotional health was 5.43 and the total score of anxiety was 16.10. The intervention had changed to 2.53, 2.03, 2.97, 3.30 and 10.90, respectively. This change was significant in the areas of sexual health, emotional health and total anxiety score (P<0.005). Also, the experimental and control groups, after the educational intervention, had significant differences in the areas of personal health, emotional health and total anxiety score (P<0.005).
Conclusion The results of the intervention showed that group discussion can reduce the health concerns of adolescent girls.

---

---

Introduction: Investigating the psychological issues of patients with diabetes, especially in adolescence and youth, is particularly important. Therefore, this study aims to compare the health anxiety and response inhibition of people with type 1 diabetes with healthy people.
Methods: This research is a description of the causal and comparative types. Its statistical population consists of all boys and girls aged 14 to 24 years old with type 1 diabetes in Arak city who were referred to the treatment clinics of this city in 1400. From this population, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling, and 34 healthy teenagers participated in this study as a comparison group. The tools of this research included the health anxiety questionnaire (Salkoskis and Warwick, 2002) and the open-ended task, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Ethical Considerations: The present research has been registered with the code IR.ARAKU.REC.1401.015 in the Ethics Committee of Arak University.
Results: The present study's findings showed a significant difference between health anxiety and cognitive inhibition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy adolescents (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this research show the higher level of health anxiety and poor performance of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in choosing the right answer and neglect the wrong answer, which indicates a weakness in their inhibition system. Considering the placement of these problems along with the psychological characteristics of adolescence, it is suggested to use suitable psychological treatment approaches and suitable cognitive rehabilitation interventions to solve or reduce these problems and increase the health of these patients.

---

Introduction: Sexual problems are prevalent problems among women that affect different aspects of their lives. Counseling in the early stages can solve many of their problems. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of group counseling based on reality therapy on female sexual function.
Methods: The present clinical trial study with a control group was conducted in Arak City in 2016. A total of 40 women were selected from five healthcare centers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups experimental and control. The experimental group received counseling sessions of reality therapy (8 sessions, each 90 minutes, twice a week), and the control group received no intervention. Data collected included demographics and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, completed before and four weeks after the intervention.
Results: The mean scores for sexual function in intervention and control groups were
28.63 ± 2.21 and 27.14 ± 2.58 before the counseling, showing no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.5). But after reality therapy, the values significantly changed in the intervention group (30.29 ± 2.92 vs. 27.64 ± 2.58) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Counseling based on reality therapy was found effective in improving sexual function in women. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be used in healthcare centers.

---

Introduction: Sexual self-efficacy is a fundamental concept in behavior, health, and sexual performance that changes over time due to events such as pregnancy and childbirth. The present study was conducted to investigate factors affecting sexual self-efficacy in pregnant women in Arak City.
Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted with 234 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 who had minimal reading and writing literacy and lived with their husbands. Ten comprehensive urban health centers were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected through a demographic information checklist and a sexual self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis and (LSD) tests.
Results: The mean score of sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women was 28.51 ± 6.45 and was at a high level. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women is unrelated to their education (P = 0.2). There is a significant relationship between education and the education of their spouses (P = 0.04). (LSD) test showed a significant difference between different levels of education of husbands and the sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the mean score of sexual self-efficacy and other variables.
Conclusions: The sexual self-efficacy of pregnant women is related to the education of their husbands, so it is suggested to provide a suitable platform for increasing the knowledge and awareness of men.

---

Introduction: The present study was conducted to analyze the focal relationship of the contribution of mental adaptation to cancer, health literacy, and perceived threat in predicting the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the present study included all women with breast cancer under treatment at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital Cancer Treatment Center in 2023, and 310 people were determined to participate in the research using G*Power software and the available sampling method. They responded to Williams, Templin, and Hines's breast cancer literacy questionnaires, Champion's perceived threat questionnaire, Watson's mental adaptation to cancer and early diagnosis questionnaire. The data were also analyzed using a focal correlation test and multiple regression.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the contribution variables of mental adaptation, perceived threat, and health literacy with the components of early cancer diagnosis (knowledge, attitude, and actions) (P ≤ 0.01). Also, the results showed that health literacy was 4.8%, mental compatibility was 3.4 percent and perceived threat 18.7% alone predicted the variance of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The perceived threat share is 38.9%, higher than all other variables.
Conclusions: Based on the statistical results, it can be said that increasing mental adaptability, perceived threat, and health literacy play a role in early disease diagnosis, and the importance of perceived threat is more significant than mental adaptability and health literacy, which should be considered.