Showing 30 results for Children
Fahimeh Omidi, Mostafa Nokani, Anita Alaghmand,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a common psychiatric disorder in children and paying attention to drugs that were used in this disorders are important. This study compares the efficacy of Ritalin with Memantin that is added to Ritalin on the severity of ADHD and attention deficit disorder in children.
Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial. All of 76 patients with diagnostic criteria for ADHD had been selected from the group of children that they were 7-12 years old, through diagnostic interviews in control & experimental groups based on DSM-V. At first, both groups filled out the Connors parent questionnaire for assessing the severity of the symptoms. Then, Ritalin was prescribed for the patients in the control group and Memantin was added to Ritalin for the patients in the experimental group for one month. The two groups again completed the questionnaire and the effectiveness of drugs was compared.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code 139510 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak university of medical sceinces and also has been registered with code IRCT2016080829268N1 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT).
Findings: According to the P-value of this test, there was no significant difference between the two groups after taking the drugs, which is equal to 0.324 and more than 0.05. But in that groups, there was a significant difference in severity of the symptoms between groups before and after taking the drugs.
Conclusion: Although the symptoms severity of hyperactivity decreased, there was no significant difference between these two groups. The Memantin added to Ritalin did not have a special effect on reducing the severity of symptoms compared to Ritalin. We can conclude the Ritalin might have had a significant effect on the symptoms reduction.
Tooraj Sepahvand,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Depression and social anxiety are prevalent disorders in children, that are related to cognitive pathology of parents. This research has been conducted with the aim of comparing depression and social anxiety in primary school children of normal mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility.
Materials and Methods: This research was a causal-comparative design study. The population of the research was all the fourth to sixth grade of primary school children of Arak city (and their mothers) in 2016-2017 years. For selecting the research sample, the method of convenience sampling was used. Thus, based on scores of mothers in Cognitive Flexibility Scale, two groups of mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility were selected, and the scores of their children that responsed to Children’s Depression Inventory and Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, were compared by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.298 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings:The results indicated significant difference in the liner composition of dependent variables of two groups. (wilks, lambda= 0.892, F97,2= 14.474, p< 0.000). Univariate analysis of variance indicated that the children of mothers with low level of cognitive flexibility have more depression and social anxiety compared to children of mothers with high level of cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: In general, cognitive flexibility of mothers is related to depression and social anxiety of children, probably by ability to perceive difficult situations as controllable, perceive alternative explanations of human behaviors and generate alternative solutions to difficult situations of responding to children. Therefore, mothers need to be more educated and refined in their cognitive flexibility so that they can cause more improvement in depression and social anxiety of children.
Mozhgan Hashemieh,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In December 2019, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, and then spread rapidly around the world, such that the World Health Organization reported it as a pandemic. This study aims to review the epidemiological findings, transmission methods, clinical manifestations, radiological symptoms, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, as well as the differences caused by the virus between children and adults.
Methods & Materials: The search was conducted in databases such as PubMod, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using the keywords “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “Children”, and “Pandemic”.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical principles have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.
Results: Most of the data related to COVID-19 are related to the course of this disease in adults and related information for children is limited. Most findings suggested that the course of the disease is milder in children and the infection caused by the virus has a better prognosis in children. Due to the mild clinical symptoms in children, many of them are not diagnosed in the early stages of the infection. With the increase in the number of cases worldwide, the prevalence of this disease in children is certainly increasing.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has milder clinical symptoms and a better prognosis in children. Today, no vaccine or antiviral drug has been developed for this disease; hence, prevention is the best solution.
Sedigheh Safaeian Titkanlou, Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood, Zahra Ghayoumi-Anaraki, Fatemeh Haresabadi, Majid Haddadi Avval, Mohaddeseh Soltani, Mohsen Rajati Haghi,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Phonological awareness skills, as part of phonological processing abilities, can predict the extent of success in acquiring written and reading skills. Phonological awareness skills are of concern in children with severe and profound hearing loss, which has been less studied in this population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate these skills in Cochlear-Implanted (CI) children and compare them with their healthy counterparts.
Methods & Materials: The study population included 25 CI children and 25 healthy children, aged 4-6 years, who were monolingual Persian speakers. The selected CI and healthy children were selected from the Rehabilitation Center of Naqmeh and the Kindergartens in Mashhad, City, Iran, respectively. After selecting each participant, the test of phonological awareness was administered. To compare the mean scores of each subtest, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 21 using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUMS.REC.1396.263).
Results: The mean scores of CI children were significantly lower than that of their healthy peers in all phonological awareness subscales (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that healthy children presented better performance than the CI children in the phonological awareness test. Poor phonological awareness skills in CI children seem to be associated with hearing deprivation before cochlear implantation; thus, it requires to speed up surgery at an early age and the implementation of an effective rehabilitation program.
Ali Asghar Ghalenoei, Hossein Ansari, Abolfazl Payandeh, Azizollah Arbabi Sarjou, Gholamreza Soleimani, Ali Meshkinian,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Genetic and environmental factors are known to be related to the development of childhood Eczema. We aimed to assess the ecological factors associated with the prevalence of Eczema among children using the ISAAC questionnaire.
Methods & Materials: A total of 1600 primary school girls and boys were selected and examined by multistage random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected and completed using the International ISAAC Questionnaire, including demographic questions and risk factors through interviews with parents, especially the student’s mother. The data were analyzed in SPSS v. 19 software using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Code: REC.1397.481).
Results: The prevalence of current Eczema was 10.4% (95%CI: 8.9-11.9). Co-morbidity with Asthma and Rhinitis was 82.8% and 74.5%, respectively. In multiple logistic regression models, history of allergies in family members (OR: 2.35, 95%CI: 1.53-3.59), father snoring (OR: 3.00, CI95%: 1.98-4.55), Keeping any animal in (OR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.002-2.58), family size (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.68-0.95), exposure to tobacco smoke at home (OR: 2.84, 95%CI: 1.18-6.81), showed a significant relationship with the occurrence of students’ Eczema.
Conclusion: Exposure to tobacco smoke at home, keeping any animal at home are effective factors in the prevalence of Eczema in children. By eliminating these factors, the prevalence of this disease can be reduced. However, the mothers have the most crucial role in screening and early diagnosis of Eczema in school children regarding determinants in this study. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that parents’ education, especially mothers, be emphasized by paying attention to these favorable factors.
Dr Banafsheh Ghaheri, Dr Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Dr Mehdi Shahbazi, Dr Ahmad Reza Arshi,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Evaluating variability can help to investigate the process underlying motor coordination problems. The current study aimed to measure motor coordination and its variability in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Moreover, the symmetry of motor coordination variability in these children and the relation between motor skills and variability were explored.
Materials and Methods: After evaluating motor skills in children, aged 7-10 years using Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), 15 children with DCD and 20 non-DCD children performed a bilateral coordination task. Using motion capture system, motor coordination and variability were recorded and calculated by computing continuous relative phase and its standard deviation, respectively.
Ethical Considerations: The study with an ethical code of IR.UT.SPORT.REC.1396030 was approved by Ethics Committee of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of University of Tehran.
Findings: Children with DCD showed significantly higher variability, while there was no significant difference between the groups in performing the coordination task. Moreover, the variability of motor coordination was found asymmetrical in children with DCD. Finally, more variability was shown to be accompanied with lower score in motor skills of the participants.
Conclusion: The current study shows the necessity of employing assessments related to underlying process of movement coordination such as variability, which can help to provide more comprehensive understanding of motor patterns of children with DCD and the strategies that they adopt to execute and produce movement.
Farzaneh Hajizadeh, Fatemeh Ebrahimi, Seyed Zia Tabatabaei,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim The early years of life are the most critical stage in the growth and development of children. While the optimal development of children depends on a complex set of factors, the pattern of breastfeeding and complementary feeding of infants is of undeniable importance. Therefore, the present study conducted to investigate the factors related to the feeding patterns of one-year-old children referred to healthcare centers in Rafsanjan city.
Methods & Materials his descriptive study was performed on 600 mothers with one-year-old children under the auspices of healthcare centers in Rafsanjan city in 2017. Volunteered mothers with active health records were selected randomly. The required information was collected through a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and questions related to the feeding of children and was analyzed by SPSS software, version 18.
Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) approved the present study (Code: IR.RUMS.REC.1396.179).
Results About 95% of mothers participating in this study started breastfeeding their children up to one hour after delivery, but 56.7% of them completed breastfeeding by one year of age. The results show that most mothers had started supplemental feeding with two or three spoons in each meal, and about 90% of them followed the health worker's advice. Also, the most important reasons for feeding children with powdered milk are disorders in the child's development (34%), inadequate breast milk (17%), maternal disease (14%), do not take the mother's breast (11%) and children being twins (8%).
Conclusion Despite face-to-face training for mothers in health care centers for feeding their children, still there are some difficulties in commencing complementary feeding and its continuation. Therefore, need for more health and nutrition education regarding the best ways for feeding children to mothers by personnel of Rafsanjan health care centers.
Mohammad Shamohammadi, Farzaneh Javanmard,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection in the world. Infection with this bacterium occurs during the first 5 years of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and the types of histopathological changes related to it in endoscopic gastric biopsy samples of children.
Methods: In this cross-sectional-descriptive study, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and histopathological findings of 169 children with it were examined in the gastric endoscopic biopsy samples that were sent to the pathology department of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia during March 2019 to March 2022. This study was approved by Research Ethics committee of Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran (code: IR.UMSU.REC.1400.227).
Results: Out of 571 examined patients, 169 children (29.5%) were infected with Helicobacter pylori, the most common histopathological lesion was chronic gastritis. 40.3% of patients had active chronic inflammation as a result of gastric biopsy. No significant relationship was found between Helicobacter pylori and children's gender (P=0.29), but a significant relationship was observed between Helicobacter pylori results and children's age (P=0.04). A significant relationship was also observed between Helicobacter pylori infection and the severity of chronic gastritis (P=0.0001).
Conclusions: Considering that the inflammatory histopathological changes of the stomach are seen in all children with Helicobacter pylori infection and in more than 40% of cases this inflammation is of an active type, it is necessary to pay special attention to the early diagnosis and treatment of this infection in children.
Mr Mahdi Panahian,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Vestibular defects, vertigo and Dizziness may lead to delay in postural control, lack of coordination, vertigo attacks and ultimately imbalance in children. In this systematic review, the factors affecting children's balance disorders and the effective tests for evaluating these children were investigated.
Methods: Valid articles were searched in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Elsevier databases between 2000 and 2023 using the keywords Balance, Vertigo, Dizziness, Vestibular, Children. In the present study, research articles, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis related to the purpose of the study were evaluated and included in the study.
Results: In the present study, a total of 95 articles were found. By repetition, 13 articles were removed and 82 articles remained in the study. By examining the titles of these articles, 7 articles were removed because the title was not relevant to the purpose of this study and 9 articles were removed because the full text of the article was not relevant,then leaving 66 relevant articles. 8 studies were excluded from the present study due to exclusion criteria. Therefore, a total of 58 articles were included in this systematic review and effective factors in the occurrence of balance disorders and effective assessment in identifying these disorders were found.
Conclusions: Correct diagnosis of balance disorders in children using appropriate tests not only prevents unnecessary examinations and reduces parents' worries, but is also a prerequisite for successful treatment.
Heshmatallah Alikarami, Saeedeh Tahmasebi, Mohammad Fathi, Raziyeh Rezaei,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Resistance training (RT) is an important part of athletes' preparation exercises with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, creating neuro-muscular adaptations and improving sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with weight on NCV of tibial and peroneal nerves, muscle strength, agility, flexibility and performance of half-back, half-turn and angel balance skills in seven- to ten-year-old gymnasts.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 children with two years of experience in gymnastics (age: 8.5±1.5 years, weight: 32.10±9.40 kg, height: 135±13 cm) voluntarily Participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including gymnastics training and gymnastics training + resistance training with weights. And they trained for 10 weeks. During the research, one group did general gymnastics exercises, and the other group did resistance training with weights three times a week in addition to gymnastics exercises. Before and after the exercises, NCV test, Sargent's jump muscle power tests, agility of 9x4m back-and-forth run, Wells' flexibility, and performing half-back, half-turn and balance skills of Angel were performed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. And a significance level of P<0.05 was considered.
Results: The results showed that the NCV in the tibial and peroneal nerves increased significantly in the weight resistance training group compared to the general gymnastics training group. Also, muscle strength in Sargent's jump, agility in 4x9m back and forth running, and the performance of half-back and half-turn skills increased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the flexibility with the Wells test (P=0.870) and execution of Angel's balance skill (P=0.552).
conclusion: 10 weeks of resistance training with weights significantly increases neuromuscular adaptations, NCV, muscle power, agility, and implementation of half-back and half-varus skills in gymnast children. Therefore, it is suggested to use resistance exercises with weights to improve the performance of children athletes in the field of gymnastics and fields where nerve conduction speed, muscle power and agility are effective in the success of athletes.
