Showing 33 results for Mine
Alireza Kamali, Maryam Shokrpour, Khatereh Vatanpour,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background: Pain is a complex problem, which can affect patients' physical and psychological condition. Inadequate postoperative pain control has adverse effects on the patients' physiological, metabolic and mental condition. Adding new supplement will increase the duration of analgesia. This study aimed to comparison of intratechal neostigmine and midazolam in increasing the time of postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial, 60 patients with ASA class Ι, II who were candidate for elective colporrhaphy surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 patients. All patients received hyperbaric lidocaine 5% and groups I received 1 mg midazolam, groups II received 50 μg Neostigmine and groups III received 0.5 cc normal saline additionally. Then according VAS pain score, postoperative painless duration and pain score were compared between groups by running SPSS software. Results: Mean of painless duration in the Midazolam, Neostigmine and control groups were 98.4±18.2, 74.5±32.6 and 64.5±9.9 minutes respectively which was significantly longer than in Midazolam group (p<0.001). The mean dose of requested analgesia in first 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in Midazolam group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Inthrathecal midazolam and Neostigmine as a complementary medication to lidocaine 5% can increase painless duration in colporrhaphy surgery and midazolam is more effective than Neostigmine. Key Words : midazolam & Neostygmine , Spinal anesthesia, painless time , colporrhaphy
Hesamaldin Modir, Afsaneh Norouzi, Shirin Pazoki,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background: Post-anesthetic shivering is the most common cause of patient discomfort during recovery with a prevalence of 5 to 65%. Post-anesthetic shivering can increase pain, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of various classes of drugs for preventing post-anesthetic shivering.
Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, patients undergoing elective laparotomy were randomly divided into six groups, 40 each. The patients, respectively, received hydrocortisone, ketamine, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, pethidine, and normal saline. All patients were observed for body temperature and shivering for 20 minutes after arrival to recovery room.
Results: Seventy patients in the pethidine group did not have shivering upon arrival to recovery room which was significantly higher than other groups (&chi2=0.00002). Also, the patients in the pethidine group did not shiver 10 and 20 minutes after arrival to recovery room that was significantly lower than other groups.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that pethidine is more effective than other drugs in prevention of post-anesthetic shivering.
Ameneh Rezayof, Mohammad Reza Zarrindast, Niloufar Darbandi,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: It is well known that morphine influence learning and memory processes. The Nucleus accumbens (N.ac) which has an important role in reward participates in morphine-induced impairment of memory retention. Considering the cholinergic system is involved in the effects of morphine on learning and memory, in the present study, the effects of intra-N.ac injections of acetylcholine receptor antagonists alone or with morphine on memory retention and morphine-induced memory has been investigated in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this original research animals were bilaterally cannulated in the N.ac and a step-through passive avoidance task was used for the assessment of memory retention .
Results: Post-training subcutaneous administration of morphine dose dependently decreased the learning and induced amnesia. The administration of the same dose of morphine as pre-test treatment induced state-dependent learning. Pre-test intra- N.ac administration of atropine, scopolamine and mecamylamine in different doses alone cannot affect on memory retention. While, pretest intra- N.ac injection of these drugs before the administration of morphine dose dependently inhibited morphine state-dependent learning. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 .
Conclusion: The processes of learning in animals can be affected by morphine and the opioids produce state-dependent learning. Moreover, it can be concluded that inactivation of the muscarinic and nicotinic acethylcoline receptors in the N.ac are involved in mediating morphine state-dependent learning.
Hassan Izanloo, Mohammad Ahmadi Jebelli, Shahram Nazari, Navid Safavi, Hamid Reza Tashayoe, Gharib Majidi, Mohammad Khazaei, Vahid Vaziri Rad, Behnam Vakili, Hussein Aghababaei,
Volume 17, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial effect of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer on Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the antibacterial effects of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer were studied by disc diffusion and micro-dilution method. Different concentrations of Polyamidoamine-G4 inoculated onto blank disks and were placed in Mueller-Hinton agar media. Zone of inhibition was investigated by bacterial inoculation according to the McFarland standard 0.5. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer were determined by micro-dilution method in nutrient broth culture.
Results: Zone of inhibition in concentration 500 &mug/ml of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimers for Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 14, 0, 35 and 29mm, respectively. Concerning the Zone of inhibition in gram negative bacteria with gram positive ones was p<0.05 and had significant difference. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 1250, 2.5, and 1 &mug/ml, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration of Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer belonged to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 2500, 5 and 5 &mug/ml, respectively. Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer had not bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on Enterobacter cloacae.
Conclusion: According to the results, Polyamidoamine-G4 dendrimer can eliminate Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis effectively. It is suggested in the rest of this study that the probable toxicity of nanostructured compounds examined in drinking water and, economic studies is done for synthesis and their applications in case of prevention of using.
Sajad Karami, Majid Kashef, Yaghob Mehri Alvar,
Volume 17, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Heat shock proteins (HSP) can act as a cellular protection by facilitating reconstruction of denatured proteins. The aim of this study is evaluation of protective effects of glutamine consumption on HSP70 and cortisol response.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 soccer players divided into 4 groups: control (n=7), supplement (n=7), exercise (n=7) and exercise supplement (n=7). Supplements (glutamine) and placebo (Dextrin) to a 0.5 gram per kg of body weight and volume of 5 ml per kg of body weight one hour prior to the exercise protocol was used. exercise protocol include a 3-stage 20-minute run at 80% of maximum heart rate and rest 5 minutes. Blood samples of basal (after 12-14 hour overnight fasting), post exercise, and 90 minutes after exercise were gathered and HSP70 of serum and cortisol were measured with Elisa and RIA respectively. Data were analyzed with multivariate repeated measures (MANOVA) at p&le0.05 level.
Results: There was significant difference in HSP70 amounts between supplement group and exercise supplement group compared to the control group (p&le0.09, p&le0.019) and also supplement group with exercise supplement group (p&le0.032). Also there was significant difference Between post exercise and 90 min after exercise stages compared to basal stage (p&le0.08, p&le0.06) and between post exercise and 90 min after exercise (p&le0.030). In cortisol amounts between basal and 90 min after exercise stages (p&le0.026) there was significant difference.
Conclusion: Glutamine sitimulate of HSP70 induction and combination of supplement with exercise has a great HSP70 response thus athletes who wish to compete or have intense exercise, glutamine consumption is recommended.
Azadeh Najarzadeh, Hadi Atarod, Hasan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Ali Dehghani, Foad Asjodi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: Delayed muscular soreness after resistance exercises or eccentric trainings is probably because of muscle damage and injury. Nutrition by playing a crucial role in both protein synthesize and catabolism can influence the extent of muscle injury. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of single portion of Glutamine supplement consumption on injury indices of muscle after a session eccentric resistance exercise.
Materials and Methods: This study used a randomized, double blind design that consisted of 80 volvnteer non-athletic males (aged 22.2±2.2 years, height 175±5 cm, weight 71.64±9 kg, body mass index 23.2±2.2 kg/m2, and body fat 17.5±2.4%). A total of 40 participants were divided randomly into 2 groups, supplement group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Glutamine) and placebo group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Maltodextrin). Serum keratine kinase (CK) was determined by photometric method, muscle pain and knee joint range of motion were measured using, respectively, a standard scale of PAS and goniometer before, 24 and 48 hours after a resistance test involving knee flexion.
Results: Glutamine supplement consumption caused no significant differences in CK levels reduction in none of the measured times, but it reduced the muscle pain at the times of 24 and 48 hours in comparison with the placebo group. In addition, the knee joint range of motion was significantly improved at 24 hours after the test.
Conclusion: It seems that this dose of Glutamine supplementation can reduce the apparent signs apart from muscle injury indices reduction.
Hasan Izanloo, Shahram Nazari, Mohammad Ahmadi Jebelli, Soodabeh Alizadeh Matboo, Hamid Reza Tashauoei, Behnam Vakili, Mohammad Rajabi, Hosein Aghababaei, Gharib Majidi,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Dendrimers are a subset of branched structures that have certain structural order. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of Polypropylenimine-G2 (PPI-G2) dendrimers in removal of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus from aqueous solution .
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study , initially dilution of 103 CFU/ml was prepared from each strain of bacteria . Then , different concentrations of dendrimers (0.5, 5, 50 and 500 µg/ml) was added to water . In order to determine the efficiency of dendrimers in removal of bacteria, samples were taken at different times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) and were cultured on nutrient agar medium . Samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C and then the number of colonies was counted .
Results: By the increasment of dendrimer concentration and contact time , the number of bacteria in aqueous solution decreased. In times of 40 , 50 and 60 minutes, and the concentrations of 50 and 500 µg/ml, all kinds of bacteria in aqueous solution were removed . 0.5 µg/ml of dendrimer concentration had not effect in reducing the number of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis . The effect of dendrimer on gram-negative bacteria was weaker than gram-positive bacteria.
Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that PP I -G2 dendrimer is able to remove Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis in aqueous solution. However, using dendrimers can be considered as a new approach for drinking water disinfection but it requires further wide range studies.
Shahram Nazari, Sajjad Ashkani, Hadi Yousefzadeh, Fazel Agaei, Gharib Majidi, Aziz Kamran, Payman Azghani, Ayyob Rastegar, Zohreh Nazari, Soudabeh Alizadeh Matboo,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Dendrimers are macromolecules with regular three-dimensional structure that have many branches. The aim of this study was to investigate the fficiency of Nano Polyamidoamine–G5 (NPAMAM-G5) dendrimers in removal of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus from aqueous solution.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, initially, dilution of 103 CFU/ml was prepared from each strain of bacteria. Then, different concentrations of dendrimers (0.025, 0.25, 2.5 and 25 µg/ml) in the ambient temperature (23-25°C) was added to water. In order to determine the efficiency of dendrimers in removal of bacteria, samples were taken at different times (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 min) and were cultured on nutrient agar medium. Samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C and then the number of colonies was counted.
Results: There is a direct relation between antibacterial properties of dendrimers in aqueous solution and increasing the dendrimer concentration and contact time. At a concentration of 25 μg/ml and 60 minutes, all kinds of bacteria except Staphylococcus aureus, and at 30 minutes, E. coli and Klebsiella bacteria, were removed by 100% The concentration of 2.5 μg/ml at 60 minutes of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis, 100% Were removed. All concentrations of dendrimer at different times were reduced bacteria.
Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that NPAMAM–G5 dendrimer is able to remove Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus from aqueous solution.
Ahmad Hamta, Rezvan Ghadbeigi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: ANKK1 (ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1) gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This family involved in signal transduction pathways. This gene contains Taq1A (rs1800497) single nucleotide polymorphism. The A1 allele carriers of TaqIA polymorphism have shown reduced DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor D2) receptors. This decrease predisposes individuals to seek for addictive substances to compensate this deficiency in dopaminergic system. The present study investigated TaqIA (rs1800497) polymorphism in heroin and methamphetamine addiction.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 91 male methadone-maintained heroin and methamphetamine addicts and 100 male healthy controls were studied. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out from peripheral blood through salting-out method and individuals were genotyped for TaqIA polymorphism by RFLP-PCR technique and TaqI enzyme was used for RFLP.
Results: This survey revealed the significantly higher frequency of the A1 allele of TaqIA polymorphism in patients than control individuals (p<0.001). The frequency of A1 allele in patient and control individuals was %51 and %22.5, respectively. The A1A1 genotype was detected in 25% of patients and 7% of controls (p<0.001, OR=9.7, 95% CI=3.64-25.85).
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the A1 allele of TaqIA polymorphism is significantly associated with heroin and methamphetamine addiction.
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, Asghar Kianmehr,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the population worldwide. As for key role of free radicals in the development of this disease and that Quince leaf is a natural source of antioxidant substances, this study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Quince leaf extract on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors by an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine in male mice in a ketamine model of schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods: In the experimental research, male adult mice were divided into six groups including: control, Sham (received water orally and saline intraperitoneally), psychosis group (received 10 mg/kg/day ketamine i.p. for 10 days) and treated psychosis groups (received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day). Treated groups received hydroalcoholic Quince leaf extract orally for 3 weeks before injection of ketamine. Extract gavages continue for 5 days after the last ketamine injection. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavioral changes were measured in the open-field test.
Results: The results showed that chronic administration of ketamine increases horizontal locomotor activity and anxiety like behaviors (p≤0.001) and pretreatment of Quince leaf extract effectively decreases horizontal locomotor activity (p<0.001) and increases duration that spends in middle area of Open field (p<0.01) and vertical ocomotor activity(p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that chronic administration of Quince leaf extract improves locomotor disorder and induced anxiety-like behaviors by having antioxidant properties in a ketamine model of schizophrenia.
Raede Tavalaee, Ahmad Ali Moazedi, Mohammadkazem Gharib Naseri, Mohammadreza Akhond,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: because of the side effects of chemical drugs, using plant drugs was considered during recent decades. Based on previous studies, various concentrations of plant extracts can reduce ileum contraction caused by KCl and carbachol. Therefore, in this study, the role of muscarinic receptors in anti-spasmolytic activity of hydroalcohlic extract of parsley(petroselinum crispum)seed in adult male rat's ileum was investigated.
Materials and Methods: The distal part of Wistar rat’s ileum was separated and its contractions were recorded under 1 gr stretching and 37oC temperature in the bathroom containing the solution of Tyrode by Isotonic method. The ileum tissue was inserted in separately in first group affected by KCl and parsley seed, in the second group affected by KCl and carbachol with concentration 10-2 mg/ml and after that parsley seed, the third group affected by carbachol with concentration 10-2 mg/ml and then the extraction of parsley seed and the fourth group affected by scopolamine with concentration 10-3 M and after that KCl and then the extraction of parsley seed.
Results: Non-cumulative concentrations of extract reduced the ileum contraction caused by KCl (60mM) in a concentration-dependent form (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the effect of extract in the presence of carbachol and extract concentration 0.2 mg/ml (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the effect of extract in the presence of carbachol without stimulating tissue by KCl (60mM) with extract concentration 0.2mg/ml (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effect of extract in the presence of scopolamine with extract concentration 0.2mg/ml(p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that the hydroalcholic of parsley seed extract has a relaxatory effect on rat’s ileum. Carbachol with KCl has a synergistic effect on smooth muscle contraction of the ileum wall and muscarinic receptors do not involve in the inhibitory function of parsley seed extract.
Maryam Maktabi, Alireza Kamali, Hamedeh Taghavi Jelodar, Maryam Shokrpour,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. Only after cesarian section, hysterectomys considered as second major surgical procedure. Problems such as severe pelvic pain, irregular or heavy bleeding and uterine cancer are cases that hysterectomy is used to care them. Abdominal pain after abdominal hysterectomy is one of the most common complaints of patients undergoing this type of surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of bupivacaine into the subcutaneous tissue and skin ketamine to control pain after surgery in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving 99 women candidating for TAH referred to Taleghani center in Arak who were divided into three groups. The average duration of analgesia and pain and pain score were recorded.
Results: The average duration of analgesia in ketamine group, in the bupivacaine group and in the placebo group was 65.1±8.8, 65.4±8.7, and 57.6±5.5, respectively. According to p≤0.01, there was a significant difference between the three groups. The duration of analgesia in the placebo group was significantly lower than ketamine and bupivacaine groups, while that between ketamine and bupivacaine in terms of the average duration of analgesia, no significant difference was observed.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that the use of bupivacaine and cutaneous ketamine is effective in reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and further doses of ketamine and bupivacaine single dose resulted in a significant reduction of postoperative pain in patients compared to the placebo group.
Ahmad Khaje Gandomani, Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi, Mohamad Saeed Heidarnejad, Mohsen Jafarian Dehkordi,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thiamine on the blood biochemical markers and kidney histopathological changes after experimental diabetes in mice was investigated.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 56 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7 each. Two groups of animals as controls (A) and thiamine (G) were considered. Other groups were diabetic by alloxan at a dose of 180 mg/kg. Group B mice were considered as diabetic group. To diabetic mice into Group C and D , ZnO NPs in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected. Groups E and F; to these groups of diabetic mice, ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg along with thiamin (30 mg/l) was injected. ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 was injected to group H mice. Changes in renal tissue along with some biochemical parameters were measured.
Results: The results showed that diabetes induced changes in some of the serum biochemical factors (GGT, BUN and creatinine) in rats (p<0.05). However, the administration of nanoparticles and thiamine reduced these negative effects. Exposure to diabetes causes changes in the kidney tissue of the mouse, in the disturbance of scaffolds for tissue integrity clutter, fragmentation of some convoluted tubules and congestion within the connective tissue.
Conclusion: Treatment of the diabetes mice by ZnO NPs and thiamine improves renal histopathologic structure and blood biochemistry levels.
Majid Talebi, Dariush Minai-Tehrani, Mohammad Fazilati, Arash Minai-Tehrani,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Lipases are one of the groups of enzymes which are important in medicine and industry. In gastrointestinal tract of human, lipase catalysis break down of triglyceride. Bacteria have also lipases which break down triglyceride in their culture medium and can use its fatty acids as carbon source. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic drug that relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Few drugs have been determined to inhibit lipase activity, in this research; dicyclomine was introduced as an inhibitor of lipase, for the first time.
Materials and Methods: Lipase was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of dicyclomine was tested on its activity. The bacterium was cultured in medium with olive oil as carbon source and the supernatant was used for enzyme assay. For monitoring the enzyme activity, Para nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) was used as a substrate and the induced product was measured by visible spectrophotometer. Lineweaver-Burk plot was utilized for revealing the type of binding.
Results: This research has shown that dicyclomine can inhibit lipase. Inhibition plot determined that the drug can inhibit the enzyme by competitive manner. Calculation of Ki and IC50 values showed that the drug can bind to the enzyme with high affinity. The study of enzyme activity in different pH and temperature revealed that optimum activity of enzyme, in the presence or absence of the drug, was observed in pH 8 and 60oC.
Conclusion: For the first time, dicyclomine was introduced as an inhibitor of lipase and the kinetics factors of the drug were investigated.
Marziyeh Tavalaee , Nasim Eskandari, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Globozoospermia is a severe sperm morphological abnormality in men that characterized by round-headed spermatozoa with low or absence acrosome structure in their sperm samples. In these men, high level of DNA damage and abnormal chromatin packaging also were reported. These deficiencies can consider as the main etiologies of infertility in these infertile men. The aim of this article is to study the sperm chromatin structure in infertile men with globozoospermia.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review article, 77 articles related to protamine deficiency, DNA damage, aneuploidy in globozoospermic men were collected via data bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus since 1971-2017.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ACECR.ROYAN.REC.1396.204 have been approved at research ethics committee of Royan Institute.
Findings: Mean percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were significantly higher in infertile men with globozoospermia compared to fertile men. While, the results of chromosome aneuploidy were controversial in infertile men with globozoospermia within studies.
Conclusion: In addition to abnormal acrosome formation, as main etiology of failed fertilization, in infertile men with globozoospermia, high level of sperm abnormal chromatin packaging and DNA damage can be also involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, antioxidant therapy before intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection technique were suggested for these individuals to minimize sperm chromatin damage.
Marzieh Kamkar, Samad Zare, Farrin Babaei,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Food restriction (FR) affects on depression and anxiety behavior. Previous studies have pointed to the role of sulpiride in the treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of dopaminergic system and food restriction on depression and anxiety.
Materials and Methods: Forty two adult male Wistar rats (180-220g) were divided into 7 groups including: control, sham, 25%, 50%, 75% FR, 75% FR with sulpiride and sulpiride(50µg/rat). The treatment period was 21 days. Day 19 surgery and cannulation was performed and Sulpiride was injected intracrebroventricularly (icv) on the 21st day. Depression and anxiety tests (Tail suspension test and Elevated Plus Maze), was taken from the rats on the 21st day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical points were observed according to the declaration of Helsinki and acts of Bioethics Committee at Urmia University (Ref No: AECVU-180-2018).
Findings: Mobility time in FR groups and sulpiride compared to control and in 75% with sulpiride compared to 75% had significant increase. immobility time in FR and sulpiride had significant decrease compared to control. Open arm entry in 75% FR had significantly decreased compared to control and in 75% FR with sulpiride had significantly increased compared to 75%. Open arm spend time in 75% FR with sulpiride had significant increase compared to 75%. Motor activity was reduced in FR groups and injection sulpiride.
Conclusion: It seems that sulpride and FR play a role in improving
semi-depression circumstances. Sulpiride also play a role in controlling the anxiety behavior induced by FR. |
Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi, Soren Nooraie, Alborz Yadollahi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes is a well-known disease with such complications, as retinopathy, nephropathy, and gastropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thiamine and lead acetate on the colon of induced-alloxan diabetic rats; the effects of which become obvious in the treatment or reduction of tissue complications caused by diabetes.
Methods & Materials: In this study, 63 rats weighing 200 g were divided into 9 groups, as follows: 1) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 200 ppm; 2) Group of thiamin+pb acetate 200 ppm; 3) Group of thiamine+pb acetate 1000 ppm; 4) Group of diabetes+thiamine+Pb acetate 1000 ppm; 5) Diabetes group; 6) Group of diabetes+thiamine; 7) Group of diabetes+thiamine+acetate 200 ppm; 8) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 1000 ppm, and 9) the control group. After 20 days, the study samples were removed from the abdominal cavity and the slides were prepared by routine tissue method. Then, the slides were evaluated for stereological and histomorphometric studies.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University (Code: GRN1M1903). Moreover, all methods used in the present study, including facilitation, were conducted per the ethical principles of animal restraint.
Results: The mean thickness of mucosa-sub-mucosa suggested significant differences in groups 6 and 7, compared to other treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle layer between the control and all treatment groups except for groups 2, 6, and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of advantia layer in groups 1, 7, and 8, and the control group. The obtained results also indicated a significant difference concerning different layers of colon tissue between group 1 and controls.
Conclusion: Based on the present research results, thiamine presented enhancing effects on muscle layer thickness and adventitia layer thickness. Furthermore, the area of the mucosal layer was not affected by the improving effects of thiamine.
Puran Azadi, Hamid Sarlak, Shima Nourmohammadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: For decades, using fluoride has been introduced to prevent the development and progression of primary carious lesions. Increased surface microhardness of primary caries is among the essential factors in preventing lesion progression and cavity formation. The present study aimed to compare the microhardness changes of primary caries treated with 3 products, containing fluoride (varnish, toothpaste, & mouthwash) in dental teeth.
Methods & Materials: In this study, 45 extracted human deciduous molars were used. Using a diamond-winning disc, enamel blocks with a dimension of 1 x 4 x 4 mm were prepared from the buccal surface of the teeth, i.e., healthy and without structural defects; they were mounted in acrylic self-adhesive. Initial microhardness test (Vicker’s test) with a force of 300 gr and Dwell time for 15 seconds was applied on samples. Next, artificial caries with the standard solution were created in all samples and the microhardness of samples was recorded at this stage. The study samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15, treated with fluoride varnish, mouthwash, and toothpaste. Then, the microhardness of samples was re-measured. The mean surface microhardness was compared between the study groups by Independent Samples t-test and Bonferroni test. All analyses were performed using SPSS at the significance level of P<0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University of Medical Science (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.264).
Results: Increase in surface microhardness of primary caries in fluoride varnish group was statistically significant; in GC MI paste plus toothpaste and Oral B mouthwash was non-significant. The research samples treated by fluoride varnish had a higher surface microhardness, compared to toothpaste and mouthwash.
Conclusion: According to the present research results, fluoride varnish was superior to fluoride mouthwash and toothpaste in improving the microhardness of primary dental caries.
Miss Zahra Mortezaei, Dr Somayeh Rajabi, Dr Sayyed-Javad Ziaolhagh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from nerve terminals. Binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors increases the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element (CREB) protein and changes the transcription of downstream genes.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of methamphetamine induction followed by aerobic training and Berberine on dopamine receptor 4 and CREB gene expression in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted female rats during the withdrawal period.
Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 control groups, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic training, methamphetamine + Berberine, methamphetamine + aerobic training + Berberine. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine was performed for 5 days, and during the withdrawal period, aerobic training was performed for 4 weeks and simultaneously the consumption of berberine 100 mg/kg as a solution in drinking water was considered. Real Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS24 software were used at the level of 0.05 to analyze the data. The code of ethics in the research was received with number IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1402.015.
Results: The results showed that methamphetamine use caused a non-significant increase (97%) in CREB expression and a non-significant decrease (52%) in dopamine 4 receptor compared to the control group (P>0.05). The implementation of interventions during the withdrawal period, such as Berberine consumption and the combination of berberine with aerobic training, produced non-significant increasing and decreasing effects on dopamine 4 receptor gene expression and CREB in the heart of methamphetamine-addicted rats, respectively (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Short-term induction of methamphetamine did not cause significant changes in the expression of dopamine 4 receptor and CREB genes in the heart. Therefore, these genes could not undergo a significant change as a result of interventions such as Berberine and exercise. More studies are needed to investigate exact genetic changes in heart tissue.
Malihe Keykhapour, Javad Baharara, Hamed Hatami, Maryam Lotfi, Sajad Farrokhyar,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Harmine is an alkaloid from the carboline family, belonging to the harmal plant, which has extensive applications in traditional medicine, with numerous studies highlighting its anti-cancer effects. Since biological processes are influenced by electromagnetic fields, the current study examined the anti-cancer effects of harmine and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the expression of COX2, VEGF, and MMP-2 genes in the A2780 cell line.
Methods: In this experimental-laboratory study, ovarian cancer cell lines were randomly divided into four groups: control, harmine at concentrations of 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 micromolar, low-frequency electromagnetic field with an intensity of 50 Gauss, and harmine at a concentration of 48 micromolar with a low-frequency electromagnetic field of 50 Gauss intensity. Their toxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, nuclear morphological changes by DAPI staining, apoptotic effects of these compounds by measuring nitric oxide (NO), and gene expression changes by Real-Time PCR. Quantitative data were analyzed the ANOVA statistical test at a P < 0.05 level.
Results: Quantitative data comparison of this research indicated that harmine and a low-frequency electromagnetic field with an intensity of 50 Gauss caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, in the nitric oxide test, a significant decrease was found in the control group compared to the groups treated with a concentration of 48 micromolar and synergized with a 50 Gauss electromagnetic field (p<0.05). The expression of the aforementioned genes in treated cells showed a significant decrease. Treating ovarian cancer cells with harmine and its combined application led to significant nuclear morphological changes, including chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and wrinkling of the cell membrane.
Conclusions: The combined application of harmine and a low-frequency electromagnetic field induced apoptosis in A2780 cancer cells and resulted in the downregulation of COX2, VEGF-A, and MMP-2 gene expression. Consequently, the combined use of harmine with a low-frequency electromagnetic field, due to its effective cytotoxicity in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis, could be a suitable candidate for clinical studies.
