Showing 1391 results for Type of Study: Original Atricle
Zahra Mohammad Tabar,
Volume 2, Issue 8 (9-1999)
Abstract
Injuries to the ureter and bladder is one of the most complications in obstetrical and gynecological surgery. Injury to this organs are unavoidable even for the most experienced gynecologic surgeons. According to this study 45 cases of injuries to ureter and bladder have been observed. The incidence of injury to bladder was 82.3% and of ureter was 17.7% repeated cesarean section (31%) first cesarean section (15%) abdominal hysterectomy (15.5%) and vagina operation(7%). Bladder dome were more common than the bladder base (injuries of 85% cases). Diagnosis of ureter injury have been done during operation and in the reminder diagnosis have been delayed. Injuries were during abdominal operation, while less injuries were seen during vaginal operation. Pelvic adhesions due to repeated cesareans section & markedly enlarging uterus at the time of abdominal hysterectomy were most important risk factors for injury to the bladder and ureters.
Mozhgan Hashemieh ,
Volume 2, Issue 8 (9-1999)
Abstract
In this research , 44 hemophilic and 70 thalassemic patients were considered to obtain prevalence of hepatitis C infection by Elisa and PCR methods. In this study , liver function tests ( AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase) evaluated for all cases and determination of HCV RNA was performed for cases which Anti-HCV was positive. 36 of hemophilic (81.8%) and 3 of thalassemic patients (4/3%) were Anti - HCv positive by Elisa Method and the same proportion was reported about HCV RNA. In thalassemic patients there was no significant relation between age ans sex with HCv infection, but relation between HCV and liver entzymes (ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase) were significant. In hemophilic patients there was a significant relation between age and HCV infection but there was no meaningful relation between the yype and severity of hemophilia and HCV infection. Also the relation between HCV infection and liver enzymes (AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase ) in these patients were significant.
Akram Bayati ,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Though intravenous injection prevents death of most patients, some of the patients are affected in its complication. The most usual important complication of intravenous fluid therapy is phelibitis , also in children the most important complication is phelibitis. The aim of this research is determination predisposing factors of phelebitis in children that managed by intravenous fluid therapy. This is an analytic and expressive research which its samples are hospitalized children who were in the pediatric hospital of Tehran university. In this research 440 patients were assigned in two groups consist of 220. One group were considered for changing the place of serum and the other group for changing the tube of serum. After getting the satisfaction sheet from parents, the injection performed by graguated nurses and the researcher has closely observed and completed the observation sheet. After collecting the data, the results were analyzed by 2 tests with P<0.05. The results stated that: there is a relation between the change of place and tube of serum, so by increasing period for changing the place of serum the phelibitis is occurancing ratio. Between the pt, s sex in two group and phelibitis wasn’t relation. There is relation between patients ages and complication in the both group, so in small children incidence of complication is higher. In the type of solution, volume of received liquid and place of serum with phelibitis in both groups is related with complication. There is no difference between the change of serum tube and place. In this study, same as other referencespatients, age, change of serum place and serum tube, duration of hospitalization, volume of received and the kind of serum is predisposing factors for phelibitis.
Ali Chehrei, Navid Danayi, Behrouz Birashk,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Nowadays AIDS represents as a major problem in the world due to the lack of its cure, The best way to fight against AIDS is prevention and the way for prevention is to give health education to the people. The education proves fruitful only when it would be based on the realities of the society; and to reach this goal we have to collect the information present for the society for this purpose steps have been taken to investigate about the health information in the society. This research has been performed cross- sectionally. The data collection was based on the questionarre with multiple chocie questions (MCQ) and initially flowchart was drawn and marks were given according to the opinions of the teachers, also reliability and continuous validity was calculated in this pilot study. The sample size was composed of 1900 participants. The sampling was mulitistaged, where the first stage was stratified and the second was clustering. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. During the research the researchers acted upon the medical ethics. Among the cases taken into consideration 55/6% were males and 46.2% were females and the mode of age group ranged from 20 to 29 years. Also the ratio of married to unmarried was 36.2%, 63.8%. The highest marks obtained were 105 and the mean level of knowledge among the participants was 24.93(23.17-26.81). This information level did not differ too much among different groups. The unmarried cases had much more information than the married ones(p<0.0001, eta=0.49), but remarkable distinction (p<0.0001) was noted among different occupational groups. According to the results the people of Simnan & Arak held the low information level especially about the second and third levels of prevention. With respect to the wide spectrum of knowledge about prevention of AIDS in the society, the initial step is to intervence through general method telecommunication newspapers etc. and then, on the occupational basis divide them into smaller educational groups giving special education.
Zabihollah Shahmoradi,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
The ORF disease is transmitted to human from animals such as sheep and goat. Most of the ORF lesions are solitary and appear on the fingers. At the beginning a red macule appears and after one week it is changed to 1-4cm hemorrhagic bullae and after 4-6 weeks complete remission occurs.
In this investigation from 16 patients who are differentiated from other patients, the following information about age, sex, profession, site, number of lesion, previous treatmet, remission period, scar and concomitant skin disease have been collected and the following results have been concluded:
Age distribution of disease has been between 25 to 60 years.
_Sexual distribution is 62.5% in females and 37.5% in male patients.
_Professional distribution is higher 56.25% among housekeepers.
_The most frequent site of involvement in patients was both fingers(75%) and solitary(62.5%)
_Most of the patients (81.25%) recovered without any scar and in 5 cases (31.25%) erythema multiform was seen with ORF.
_Eleven patients (68.75%) has been misdiagnposed and treated as slam tumor, or local infection.
Davood Hekmat Pou,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
This research has conducted to determine the incidence and type of RTI causing bacteria and viruses during a period of epidemic infections. A total of 395 sputum specimens and 761 throat swabs were collected during the 1991 and 1992 pilgrimage seasons (Haj to Makkah Al- Mukarama, Saudi Arabia) from patients referred to one hospital and three dispensaries with symptoms of repiratory tract infections. All 761 throat swabs of both Haj seasons were also screened for the presence of viral pathogens with monoclonal antibodies specific for 7 viruses known to cause repiratory infections. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 118 (29.9%) specimens. During the 1991 Haj season Haemophilus influenza was the most frequent bacterial pathogen detected (10%), followed by klebsiella pneumonia (5.2%), Streptococcus Pneumoniae (4.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.8%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (2.4%). In the 1992 Haj Season Klebsiella pneumona was predominant (15.1%), folloed by Haemophilus influenza and Streptocococcus pneumonia (12.3%) Screening of all sputum specimens for acid-fast bacteria showed that the overall incidence rate of tuberculosis was 1%. Cultures from the 761 throat swabs were largely negative for bacteria except for Streptococcus Pyogene isolated from 7 patients. Viruses were deyected in 148 (19.5%) specimens with influenza A and adenovirus being the most common viruses. The pattern of virus prevalence in the 1991 and 1992 pilgrimage seasons was identical: influenza A and adenovirus predominated. Thus these two viruses should be targeted in future prophylactic measures.
Zohreh Anbari, Sogand Tourani, Mahmoud Mahmoudi,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
The present research is a cross-sectional study which was done in Vali-Asr hospital in the b first nine months of 1378. The highest percent of infection was observed in surgery ICU with 34.6% (p<0.05) and the infection rate was higher in the women than the men. Staphilococcus Areus, with 41.1% incidence, has been the most common microorganism. In fact gram positive bacteria are the cause of nosocomial infections.
Esmat Mashhadi,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy is the second cause of maternal mortality and also the most common cause of pregnant women mortality during the first trimester. In recent years, the rate of ectopic pregnancy has been increased but incidence of compound pregnancy is about 1/3000 of the whole pregnancies. In this article a case of compound pregnancy in a 33 year-old woman who been operated in Taleghani hospital is reported.
Esmaeil Moshiri,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
In a double bilnd randomized clinical trial, we studied the effect of diazepam in reducing of postoperative shivering in orthopedic patients in two groups: each group 50 patients .one group case and another control. Both group received fentanyl 1.5 mic/kg before induction of anesthesia. Patients in both group induced with nesdonal 5 mg/kg and the flaxedil the with hallotane 1.5% and oxygen 50% and N2050%. Ten minutes before end of operation we injected 2cc (10 mg) Diazepam into the case group and 2cc normal saline into the control group. After the injection, the shivering was observed, and recorded in questionnaire in 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. On the basis of our results patients who have received Diazepam had less shivering than who received normal saline (p value , 0.005), so Diazepam can diminish postoperative shivering.
Latif Moeini,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Our study was a descriptive observational and cross sectional research. We studied those asthmatic patients whom referred to Arak Vali-Asr teaching center O.P section during six months from 75/5/1 to 75/8/1 and 75/12/1 to 76/3/1. The number of our patients were around 150. Age of patients: The most age groups are 70-61 years old and 60-51 years old. Sex: 84 men (56%) and 66 women(44%). Residence: 119 urban (79.4%) and 31 rural (20.6%). Age of first attack: maximum number of the Asthmatic patients are between 31-40 years old and minimum are between 11-20 years old (15.3%). Average time of asthmatic attack: The maximum number of asthmatic attacks once per month (32.6%) and minimum once to many times per day(2%). Admition history: -109 patient (72.6%) m admitted for asthma. Time of attack: night (70.6%), day (10.6%) and day and night together (18.6%). Chief complains: dyspnea(72%), wheezing (19.3%), cough (8.6%). The other complains included: cough, wheezing, white color sputum, breathlessness, fever, green color sputum. Risk factors: Allergy: seasonal (92.7%), history of personal allergy (86%), family history of allergy (58.6%), family history of asthma(54%). Drugs: Allergy to asprin and NSAIDE (6%), blocker (2%0).
Hamidreza Mohajerani ,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Sodium, potassium pump is a plasma membrane enzyme. It is almost in all of the animal cells. Because of this ubiquitous distribution and situation of this pump as a digitalis receptor, cardiac glycosides can effect not only myocardial function, but also many of the cell processes in other tissues. This matter evoke the question of how cardiac glycosides have selective function without disturbance of function of the other body cells? A part of the answer of this question is relate to diversity of digitalis receptor in molecular level . Therefore a clear definition of relative selectivity of the cardiac glycosides is the presence of difference isoforms of sodium pump with low affinity. If the drug dose increases, side effects will appear. Therefore the final aim might be the design of drugs that only affect on isoform of the heart.
Nemat Billan , Mozhgan Hashemieh ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
The aim of this research is the study of sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive value of conjunctival , nail bed and palmar pallor for estimination of severity of anemia. This study was done on pediatric hospitalized patients who were under 14 years old in Amir-Kabir hospital of Arak City. The results of this study show that total number of patients were 1341 , which 564 cases ( about 42% ) according to laboratory tests had anemia. Sensitivity of clinical tests in diagnosis of childhood anemia correlates with severity of anemia, for example, the sensitivity of palmar pallor for detection of mild anemia is 8.9% and for severe anemia is 100%. Also positive predictive value of clinical findings varies according to severity of anemia. Positive predictive value of palmar pallor for detection of mild anemia is 26.3% and for severe anemia is 94.8%. Generally , theses clinical tests have a high validity in diagnosis of severe anemia.
Shirin Pazouki,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
Through a clinical trail, the effects of metoclopramide infusion compared with a placebo in order to assess the effectiveness of the medicine in Imam Khomeini and Vali-Asr hospitals of Tehran were brought under consideration in two groups, which passessed the necessary condition. Metoclopramide was prescribed as a bolus dose of 0.5m/Kg and then its infusion as 1m/Kg at 6 hours intervals, while the control group were only received normal saline for the same duration. Sampling was simple and there was no distinctions between the groups. In review of the postoperative pain the patients were precisely looked after for the next 24 hours of the operation by the ward nurses and if it necessitated narcotics were prescribed. The analysis of the results manifested that the metoclopramide infusion doesn’t lessen the necessity of using narcotics significantly (P=0.174), but it can increase the analgesic effect of narcotics in case group compared with the control group. (P=0.0344) and the intervals of needing narcotics have been more (P=0.0223). In addition, the control group had considerably less incidence of nausea comparing with case group (P=0.0094) and the degree of vomiting was nearly less too (P=0.157). The sedation degree was significantly higher than the case group (P=0.033). No any other side effects of narcotics or metoclopramide, including itching, restlessness and tremor were observed. Metoclopramide infusion can increase the analgestic effects of narcotics. Drugs and significantly lessens the need for narcotics during the first hours of postoperation, Moreover it reduces the incidence problems arising from the site of incision and prescription of narcotics with high dose can be dangerous.
Seyed Ghavamodin Toulaei,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
The hepatitis C diagnosis is based on the determination of reactant antibodies with recombinant proteins. The method which is performed for HCV screening in all blood transfusion departments. This research is conducted as a cross-sectional study from Aug 97 to Jun 99, by referring to blood donors questionnairs in central department of blood transfusion of Markazi Province. The prevalence of HCV in healthy- blood donors is 0.4% using Elisa and 0/2% using RIBA. PPV of elisa is 55%. PPV of this method is the same in both sexes. There is no relation between positive result for HCV and demographic factors. The older blood donors have v, the less chance of positive result for RIBA method. Due to the significant difference between Elisa results approved by RIBA, it is necessary to revise the ways of conducting these tests and their reliabilities.
Mohsen Khaki,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
Various gastrointestinal viruses among infected and sensitive people are transmitted through fecal-oral. In some cases according to the type of virus and host conditions, they can cause gastrointestinal disease such as diarrhea and other infections. In some cases it may cause inflammation in tissues and organs post gastrointestinal infections. In this study feces or rectal swab samples were cultures on Hela cell culture media using specific antisera, and the cultured viruses were identified. The results of this study were showed that neutralization is a very available method in isolation and diagnosis of virus. This method can also be used for identification and isolation of viruses in various clinical samples in the pathological, epidemiological and vaccination studies.
Afsane Zarganj Fard,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
The most common bacterial infection during pregnancy is urinary tract infection (UTI), its presentation in pregnancy includes asymptomatic bacteriuria or symptomatic infections such as pyelonephritis. The etiologic microorganisms of UTI are normal flora of perineum, vagina and anus. This study was conducted on 1736 pregnant w0men who were referred to health centers in Arak. Urinalysis and urine culture were done for all patients and a questionnaire was filled in by midwives or physicians. In patients with positive urine cultures the treatment was begun and second urine culture was performed 2 weeks after treatment. The results: The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and cystitis were 6.3% and 1.3%. Also there was a significant relation between previous UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (p<0.02). There was no meaningful relation between age and parity with asymptomatic bacteriuria. The most common organisms was E coli which was detected in 87.5% of cases.
Ali Fani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
A 56 years old female was admitted to our hospital, because of, dyspnea, tachycardia hematemesis and melena. In physical exams she was severely ill, pale, and tachycardia, with decreased breath sounds on the base of right lung, with BP, 100.60, and pulse rate of 120/min. Abdomen was soft In rectal exam streaky fresh blood and melena was observed. Diffuse red populace on face, trunk and oral mucosa were present with recurrent nasal bleeding since last year. In upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy, diffuse telangectasic lesions in esophagus, stomach, duodenum and entire length of colon and streaky fresh blood in colon were observed, Under conservative treatment her bleeding stopped on the 10th day after treatment. Collagen vascular diseases, coagulopathy and malignancies were ruled out by paraclinical examinations. Senile angiodisplastic diseases which are usually limited to colon and vascular ectasia can not be suggested because the skin and upper gastrointestinal tract is involved. Cancers, polyps and hemorrhoid , were ruled out by endoscopy and colonoscopy. Heriditary Hemorrhagic Telangictasia (HHT) is an Auto-Dom disorder with involvement of oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, skin and viscera. HHT involves capillaries, makes tortuous, fragile bloody spaces which can be manifested through infancy to old age. The most common manifestation of the diseases(in addition to nose bleeding and skin lesions), is the severe gastrointestinal bleeding, often leading to massive blood transfusion. Recommended treatment:
1-Coagulotherapy of hemorrhagic lesions. 2- Estrogen and progesterone therapy. 3- Amino caproic acid therapy for prevention of fibrinolysis. 4- In severe cases , surgical therapy is needed.
Hamidreza Nikbin, Jamal Falahati, Ali Akbar Karami,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
Tearing is the most important complaints in ophthalmologic patients that one of its reasons is obstruction of lacrimal drainage system. Lacrimal drainage system include superior and inferior punctums that are joined to common canalicule by the superior and inferior canalicule at the medial canthus. Common canalicule leads to lacrimal sac and lacrimal sac is connected by the Nasolacrimal duct to inferior meatus. The most common cause of obstruction is NLD obstruction that in children, it is caused by the failure of canalization of 4 N.L.D (Naso Lacromed ducat). The research has been conducted among 2500 people in Arak city by muitistage sampling. 26 people had lacrimal drainage system disorder. This disorder was observed among all ages but it was mostly among 0-9 and 60-69 age. 18 patients (69.23%) were female and 8 other ones (30.76%)m were male. 21 people (80.76%) had unilateral disorder and 5 (19.23%) patients had bilateral disorder. Among the patients who had unilateral disorder, 11 persons (52.38%) had right side disorder and 10 persons (47.61%) had left side disorder. None of the patients were asymptomatic and all of them had tearing. 22 persons (82%) had obstruction in common cunalicule and one person in punctum.
Mozhgan Hashemieh ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
The various enzymatic defects of red blood cells cause some genetical diseases, of which the most important and the most common is G6PD deficiency. G6Pd deficiency is one of the most common causes of hemolysis in newborn period and can lead to anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and kernicterus. In this study we tries to find out incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in icteric hospitalized neonates in newborns wards of Taleghani and Amir Kabir hospitals, in Arak city from December 1998 to January 1999. We concluded that: The total hospitalized, icteric neonates were 332, 63.86% were male and 36.14% of them were female. The icteric neonates with G6PD deficiency were 6.02% and 93.98% of them had normal G6Pd enzyme. All of the G6Pd deficient neonates were male. The onset of icter in G6Pd-deficient neonates was between second and 6th day. In 80% of icteric G6PD deficient neonates, the bilirubin total was over 18 mg/dl.G6Pd deficiency in neonates with hemolytic anemia were, 12.5%. Positive familiar history in icteric neonates with G6PD deficiency were 15%. The rate of exchange transfusion among icteric G6PD deficient patients were 15%. The most common blood group in icteric neonates with G6PD deficiency was B+ (incidence 50%)
Nemat Billan ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
Pediatrics medicine Emergency is a priority rather than a pure scientific issue for the most vulnerable groups. So problem- finding and problem- solving should be managed by it. In this area knowing the indicators of taking responsibility and modifying qualitiable issues to quantifiable and measureable ones are great urgency. The following article is searching for a convenient solution to quantifying taking responsibility and managing pediatrics medicine emergency in terms of vulnerability as well.
