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Introduction: Investigating the psychological issues of patients with diabetes, especially in adolescence and youth, is particularly important. Therefore, this study aims to compare the health anxiety and response inhibition of people with type 1 diabetes with healthy people.
Methods: This research is a description of the causal and comparative types. Its statistical population consists of all boys and girls aged 14 to 24 years old with type 1 diabetes in Arak city who were referred to the treatment clinics of this city in 1400. From this population, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling, and 34 healthy teenagers participated in this study as a comparison group. The tools of this research included the health anxiety questionnaire (Salkoskis and Warwick, 2002) and the open-ended task, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Ethical Considerations: The present research has been registered with the code IR.ARAKU.REC.1401.015 in the Ethics Committee of Arak University.
Results: The present study's findings showed a significant difference between health anxiety and cognitive inhibition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy adolescents (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this research show the higher level of health anxiety and poor performance of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in choosing the right answer and neglect the wrong answer, which indicates a weakness in their inhibition system. Considering the placement of these problems along with the psychological characteristics of adolescence, it is suggested to use suitable psychological treatment approaches and suitable cognitive rehabilitation interventions to solve or reduce these problems and increase the health of these patients.

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Introduction: Beyond the members of the charter board, the horizon of Amedwar Kanandah for the sake of Bimaran Niyazmand, the member of the board of the board. In parallel, there is a new medical science in New Mutrah, in the opinion of specialists who claim that it is a model and that they have a source for beyond the organs with children. Definitively The current issue is that of new topics and the question of programs in the possession of jurisprudence and rights, which must be carefully selected from the angles that are the subject of jurisprudence debate.
Methods: This is a book in the form of a textbook and a description - an analysis with the use of the books of science and jurisprudence of his room.
Results: This type of child is based on the basis of investigations, which are believed to be valid, according to the permissibility of the organs that are nozadan with severe cranial defects, i.e., in the womb of a mother, or from a cutaneous period, but from birth in the middle of my heart; A defensible issue.
Conclusions: The use of the nostril organs affected by the cornea with limitations of the cervical spine, but with a significant meaning in the development of Rastafarian, and the use of non-main organs based on multiple rational and legal evidences; Milabashed project. The parts of my life are afflicted with severe corneal ulcers, based on the inevitability and inevitability of the disease, and the reason for the fact that the situation is similar to the meaning of the disease. Develop a legitimate development in the most vigorous manner, and the issue of the necessity of preserving human dignity This is an issue that cannot be denied. But from the point of view of the role that is not a conditional legality, it is a present issue with conditional auspices in no severe form.
 

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Introduction: Physical activity is one of the important lifestyle factors that can have positive or negative effects on the reproductive system, and more research is needed to reflect the effect of inactivity on fertility in order to provide safe lifestyle recommendations to help couples achieve pregnancy is required. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of describing and comparing the physical activity status of fertile and infertile men in Arak city in 2022.
Methods: The present study is a case-control study that was conducted on 220 fertile and infertile men (22 to 40 years old) referred to Arak University Jihad infertility centers that were selected through available sampling. Participants completed self-test questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association of infertility with physical activity level, sedentary behavior, and body composition.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Arak University (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1401.046).
Ethical Considerations: The present research has been registered with the code IR.ARAKU.REC.1401.015 in the Ethics Committee of Arak University.
Results: In this study, it was observed that the amount of physical activity (P=0.02) and body composition (P=0.001) in fertile men is more favorable than infertile men. In men with a low level of physical activity, the risk of infertility increases 2.97 times (odds ratio 2.97 and 95% CI: 1.03, 8.61, and P=0.04). On the other hand, in men with moderate level of physical activity, the risk of infertility decreases (odds ratio 0.27 and 95% CI: 0.08, 0.92, and P=0.03). Also, in men who sit for more than 6 hours a day, the chance of infertility increases by 3.02 times (odds ratio 3.02 and 95% CI: 1.28, 7.10, and P=0.01). An increase in body mass index increases the risk of infertility by 1.61 times in men (odds ratio 1.61 and 95% CI: 1.23 and 2.11 and P=0.001).
Conclusions: Since obesity, physical inactivity and infertility in Iranian men are increasing at the same time, so there should be more focus and seriousness on the issue of lifestyle modification and especially physical activity regarding reproductive health.

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Abstract
Introduction: Insomnia and sleep disorders are related to a decrease in physical and mental health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on blood sugar, cortisol and insulin levels in athletes compared to non-athletes.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 14 healthy men participated in two groups of athletes (7 people) and non-athletes (7 people). One night of sleeplessness (8 hours) was applied to the subjects of both groups. According to the objectives of the research, blood samples were taken from all the subjects in two stages. The data were analyzed using the dependent t test for intra-group comparison and independent t test for inter-group comparison at a significance level of 5%. In conducting the research, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the general guidelines for ethics in research with human subjects and the regulations governing it were observed and the code of ethics was issued by the ethics committee of Lorestan University.
Findings: Insomnia did not lead to a significant difference between the blood sugar and insulin levels of athletes and non-athletes when faced with a (p≤0.05). Also, insomnia did not cause a significant difference in the amount of cortisol between two groups of athletes and non-athletes (p≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that changes in blood sugar, cortisol and insulin are related to the duration of insomnia and are not affected in short-term and intermittent insomnia.

Keywords: Insomnia, blood sugar, cortisol, insulin, athlete, non-athlete
 

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Backgrand: Inflammation can cause damage to the central nervous system, leading to neuropathological diseases such as stroke, pain, schizophrenia, and Alzheimers. AIM2 is a member of the PYHIN hematopoietic nuclear protein family that binds to cytosolic DNA and activates caspase-1, one of the inflammatory-mediated caspases that activates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a swimming training course on the expression of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.
Method: The statistical population of this study included 16 male Wistar rats (6 weeks) divided into two groups: a group without training and an endurance training group. Eight rats were placed in each group. The group without training did not engage in any sports activities, while the training group participated in a swimming training session. After a 4-day familiarization period, the rats swam for 30 minutes from the fifth day. Independent T-test was used to evaluate the interventions, and all statistical calculations were done using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The results of this research showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in the level of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.
Discussion: Overall, this study suggests that endurance swimming training can effectively reduce caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins. Therefore, it is possible that exercise, by reducing inflammatory factors, can be a potential treatment for diseases caused by inflammation, such as sclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimers.
 

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Abstract
Introduction: Resistance training (RT) is an important part of athletes' preparation exercises with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, creating neuro-muscular adaptations and improving sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with weight on NCV of tibial and peroneal nerves, muscle strength, agility, flexibility and performance of half-back, half-turn and angel balance skills in seven- to ten-year-old gymnasts.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 children with two years of experience in gymnastics (age: 8.5±1.5 years, weight: 32.10±9.40 kg, height: 135±13 cm) voluntarily Participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including gymnastics training and gymnastics training + resistance training with weights. And they trained for 10 weeks. During the research, one group did general gymnastics exercises, and the other group did resistance training with weights three times a week in addition to gymnastics exercises. Before and after the exercises, NCV test, Sargent's jump muscle power tests, agility of 9x4m back-and-forth run, Wells' flexibility, and performing half-back, half-turn and balance skills of Angel were performed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. And a significance level of P<0.05 was considered.
Results: The results showed that the NCV in the tibial and peroneal nerves increased significantly in the weight resistance training group compared to the general gymnastics training group. Also, muscle strength in Sargent's jump, agility in 4x9m back and forth running, and the performance of half-back and half-turn skills increased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the flexibility with the Wells test (P=0.870) and execution of Angel's balance skill (P=0.552).
conclusion: 10 weeks of resistance training with weights significantly increases neuromuscular adaptations, NCV, muscle power, agility, and implementation of half-back and half-varus skills in gymnast children. Therefore, it is suggested to use resistance exercises with weights to improve the performance of children athletes in the field of gymnastics and fields where nerve conduction speed, muscle power and agility are effective in the success of athletes.

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Introduction: Traffic accidents are a principal challenge in the injury and death of people in Iran and many other countries, which has made the formulation of necessary strategies and planning for inter-sectoral cooperation to prevent and reduce traffic accidents undeniable. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the dimensions of inter-sectoral collaboration in preventing traffic accidents in Iran.
Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2023. In this study, sampling was done in a targeted manner, and 15 people from the statistical population were interviewed. The statistical population of the research at this stage included executive managers, traffic police, field activists, and public institutions active in the field of traffic accidents in Central Province and Tehran, who, due to the relevance of their job field, were informed or participated in intersectoral cooperation in line with the management of accidents and traffic accidents were included in the study. Data were collected and analyzed through structured interviews, and their coding was done with the help of MAXQDA 11 software.
Results: The study identified and extracted eight main dimensions of intersectoral cooperation in preventing traffic accidents. These dimensions include laws and law enforcement, research and development, information and data management, internal and external coordination, crisis management, education and awareness, roads, and vehicles.
Conclusions: Providing platforms for promoting the development and expansion of inter-sectoral cooperation in accident prevention and traffic accidents can have various benefits, including long-term social, political, economic and, well-being. Therefore, based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to design an intersectoral cooperation model for the prevention of accidents and traffic accidents so that traffic accidents can be reduced to the minimum possible with proper planning and design so that we can witness the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency in this area.

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Introduction: The present study findings aimed to investigate the effect of exercises based on the American National Academy of Sports Medicine principles (NASM) on walking kinetics in piriformis syndrome in middle-aged men.
Methods: The current research was semi-experimental and laboratory-type. The statistical sample of the present study was 30 men with piriformis syndrome. Subjects were equally and randomly placed in two intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed NASM exercises for eight weeks. Before and after the exercises, the ground reaction force variables were measured using a Bartek force plate device with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Kinetic data were smoothed using a fourth-order Butterworth filter with a frequency cutoff of 20 Hz. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance and paired T-test were utilized at the significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The findings of the present study showed that the effect of time on the FxHC and FyHC components at the peak of the forces and the FyHC component at the time of reaching the peak of the ground reaction force increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. P > 0.025;
d = 0.64 - 0.96. The effect of the time factor in the FyPO component at the peak of the ground reaction force in the post-test was less than the pre-test (P < 0.025; d = 1.64-0.96). The interaction effect of the time × group in the FxPO component at the peak of the force and the FzHC component at the time of reaching the peak of the ground reaction force had a significant difference (P < 0.048; d = 0.87-0.83).
Conclusions: The NASM exercises used in this research can have a clinical and therapeutic effect that can reduce damage to the lower limbs and improve the quality of walking in people with piriformis syndrome.

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Introduction: Considering the synthesis and release of myokines from muscle tissue during exercise and the relationship of myokines with the development of strength and increase in muscle volume, the purpose of this study is to investigate 12 weeks of resistance training on the serum levels of myonectin and FGF- There were 21 middle-aged men.
Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 40 middle-aged men of Arak city (mean age 38.27 ± 6.02 years, weight 77.12 ± 11.23 kg, height 174.05 ± 7.22 cm) were selected and randomly placed in two resistance training groups (20 people) and control (20 people). The training group performed 12 weeks of resistance training 3 times a week with an intensity of 65-80% of maximum strength. Blood was taken from all the subjects 48 hours before and after the intervention, and serum levels of myonectin and FGF-21 were checked by the ELISA method. After checking the normality of the data, they were analyzed by the correlation t-test and independent t-test at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: Resistance training caused a significant increase in the serum level of myonectin (P = 0.001) and the serum level of FGF-21 (P = 0.001) and also decreased the percentage of fat (P = 0.417) in middle-aged men.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it seems that resistance training can have positive adaptation by increasing the serum levels of myonectin and FGF-21 in the regulation of muscle mass, hypertrophy process, angiogenesis process, and Improve the body's metabolism.

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Introduction: Physical activity causes cardiac hypertrophy by a non-pathological change in cardiac structure, called physiological hypertrophy. Several molecular changes are involved in this process. Insulin-like growth hormone-1 (IGF-1) is an important hormone involved in hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Also, the role of GATA4 as a possible gene involved in cardiac hypertrophy is controversial. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find the effect of aerobic and interval training on IGF-1, GATA4 gene, and cardiac tissue.
Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (243.72 ± 23.41 g) were randomly divided into control, aerobic, and interval training groups (n = 6). The aerobic group trained for 8 weeks/4 days a week/38 minutes/ 65% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max). The intermittent group trained 8 weeks/4 days a week/5 set/4 minutes/85-90% of VO2 max running with 2 minutes rest between the sets. The weight of the heart and left ventricle, IGF-1 concentration, and GATA4 gene expression were measured 48 hours after the training. The evaluation was conducted with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The weight of the heart and left ventricle increased significantly in trained groups. IGF-1 and GATA4 gene expression increased in both the training groups than the control group.
Conclusions: Aerobic and Interval training increases IGF-1, GATA4 gene, left ventricle, and heart weight. Considering the shorter time interval training takes, it seems that interval training is more beneficial than aerobic training.

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Introduction: Physical activity positively influences various physiological factors, laying the groundwork for beneficial changes. Myostatin and follistatin are among these factors, whose levels are influenced by gender and physical activity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional resistance training (RT) and high functional training (HIFT) on the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin in young women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 young women were selected and divided into three groups: intense functional training, traditional resistance training, and control. Blood was drawn 24 hours before and 48 hours after the end of the interventions to measure the serum levels of myostatin and follistatin. The exercise protocols were performed for eight weeks, 3 days a week and 60 minutes a day. Ultimately, the collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA statistical method, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that follistatin level was significantly higher in the RT and HIFT groups than in the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of follistatin in the HIFT group was considerably higher than the RT group (P = 0.01). The results showed that the level of myostatin in the RT and HIFT groups was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of this factor in the HIFT group was substantially lower than in the RT group (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: In general, the findings of the present study show that performing intense resistance and functional exercises causes a favorable change in the expression of physiological factors related to muscle growth in women. It seems that the effect of intense functional exercises is greater than resistance exercises.

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Introduction: Reducing physical activity as well as consuming more calories than the body needs increases obesity and its related disorders, such as metabolic syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on brain tissue gene expression of AKT2 and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats.
Methods: 30 male rats weighing 160 to 185 grams were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After the approval of the obesity protocol of increasing the weight of the rats, which to be more than 300 grams, the rats were divided into three groups, including the control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), as well as RT group (n = 10). Until the end, the rats continued to eat a high-fat diet. HIIT was performed for eight weeks and five sessions per week, with an intensity of 80 to 95% of maximum oxygen consumption on a treadmill. Moreover, RT was performed with an intensity of 40-60% of a maximum repetition on the ladder. After eight weeks of training interventions, the expression level of the AKT2 gene in brain tissue was measured by the real-time PCR method.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated a significant increase in AKT2 gene expression of HIIT and RT groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results illustrated that the insulin resistance of rats in both training groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings of the present research, it could be concluded that HIIT, as well as RT interventions, probably causes an increase in AKT2 gene expression and could be effective in reducing insulin resistance and improving glucose profile.

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Introduction: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers in the hippocampus represents a pivotal aspect of Alzheimer's research. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming endurance, resistance, and combined exercises on the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampus tissue thickness of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 large white Wistar laboratory rats (6 weeks old; Weight 180-200 g) were randomly and equally divided into five groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control, endurance, resistance, and combined. Alzheimer's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin chloride (8 mg/kg). Two weeks after the injection and confirmation of Alzheimer's induction, the training protocols of endurance (5-sessions/week, the first to the fourth week incrementally from 5-15-min to 45-min of swimming, the fifth to the twelfth week 60-min of swimming), resistance (5-sessions/week, The first week of familiarization with the exercise, week 2; 30%, week3-5; 70-90%, week6-8; 100-110%, week9-10; 120-130%, and week11-12; 140-150% of body weight), combined (2 resistance sessions/week and three endurance sessions/week) was performed for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours post-intervention, animals were dissected, and hippocampus tissue was harvested. Finally, the data were analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's animals decreased compared to healthy animals, and all three endurance, resistance, and combined exercise protocols increased layers (P < 0.001). However, the increase in the molecular and pyramidal layers thickness of the hippocampal tissue of combined group rats compared to the endurance and resistance group had a greater increase (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the changes in the thickness of the hippocampal tissue layers concerning Alzheimer's pathology and the effect of combined exercises on this parameter. While exercise may have positively affected hippocampal volume and synaptic plasticity, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of exercise on hippocampal layer thickness in Alzheimer's.

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Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital satisfaction and mental health of women undergoing hysterectomy surgery.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of objective and quantitative research, and in terms of data collection method, it was semi-experimental research with two experimental and control groups with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population consisted of all women aged 30 to 50 who underwent hysterectomy surgery in 2023 in Yazd city. In this study,
30 eligible subjects were selected by the available method, and the participants were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). For the experimental group, the treatment plan was implemented in 10 sessions of 50 minutes. Goldberg's mental health questionnaire and Inrich's marital satisfaction questionnaire were used to measure the research variables.
Results: The findings from the analysis of the covariance test showed the use of the schema therapy approach increased the marital satisfaction and mental health of women undergoing hysterectomy surgery (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: Therefore, the use of schema therapy sessions in medical centers for people who underwent hysterectomy surgery is suggested to reduce marital problems.