Showing 41 results for Farhad
Fatemeh Toroghi, Farhad Mashayekhi, Vahid Montazeri, Hamid Saeedi Saedi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: MMP9, as a member of the MMPs family, codes a protein that is able to provide suitable infrastructures for the migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis within tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between -1562 C> T polymorphism in MMP9 promoter and progression of breast cancer in northwest of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 187 females from northwest of Iran were involved. Polymorphism of interest was determined by PCR-RFLP method using enzyme PaeI and statistical analysis was done by Med Calc software.
Results: Distribution of CC genotype in cancer and control groups was,44 and 62.5, tespectively and distribution of CT genotype in cancer and control groups was 56 and 37.5, respectively, In the statistical analysis, χ2 and p value were respectively, 5.4 and 0.01. There is a significant association between this polymorphism and lymph nodes involvement and presence of tumor larger than 2cm3 (respectively p= 0.005 and p = 0.03). The results of this study showed -1562 C> T polymorphism in MMP9 promoter is associated with stage II and higher stages of breast cancer in our population. Furthermore, CT genotype may increase the risk of lymph node metastasis and presence of tumor larger than 2 cm3 (OR= 4).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MMP9 (-1562 C> T) polymorphism may be used as a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis. Although, to achieve more definitive results, it is necessary to examine a larger population.
Abdoreza Yavari, Farhad Fatehi, Hamid Dalvand, Akram Valizadeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Farideh Sadat Mirhoseini,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background: The speech disorders may produce irreparable damage to childs speech and language development in the psychosocial view. The voice, speech sound production and fluency disorders are speech disorders, that may result from delay or impairment in speech motor control mechanism, central neuron system disorders, improper language stimulation or voice abuse.
Materials and Methods: This study examined the prevalence of speech disorders in 1393 Arakian students at 1 to 6th grades of primary school. After collecting continuous speech samples, picture description, passage reading and phonetic test, we recorded the pathological signs of stuttering, articulation disorder and voice disorders in a special sheet.
Results: The prevalence of articulation, voice and stuttering disorders was 8%, 3.5% and%1 and the prevalence of speech disorders was 11.9%. The prevalence of speech disorders was decreasing with increasing of student’s grade. 12.2% of boy students and 11.7% of girl students of primary school in Arak had speech disorders.
Conclusion: The prevalence of speech disorders of primary school students in Arak is similar to the prevalence of speech disorders in Kermanshah, but the prevalence of speech disorders in this research is smaller than many similar researches in Iran. It seems that racial and cultural diversity has some effect on increasing the prevalence of speech disorders in Arak city.
Farhad Fatehi, Azadeh Riyahi, Rahmatolah Moradzadeh, Hamid Dalvand, Leila Dehghan,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: With regards to importance of the role of parents in children's life, imbalance in the roles of parents can lead to serious mental, emotional and physical damages of the child. The purpose of this study was to determine how to do parenting role's tasks in parents of children with disability (physical- mental) younger than 7 years in the city of Arak in 2016.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the parenting role's tasks questionnaire for 120 parents of children with disability was completed. The effect of demographic characteristics on how to perform the role of parents was studied.
Results: Based on data collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the parents and other factors, we have found no significant relationship between role of parents with the child's age. In disabled children, between parent's role and maternal age was significant difference which its correlation coefficient was -0.18, represented the inverse association between maternal age and the parent's role with disabled children. In comparison of parent's role based on child's gender, significant difference was not seen in any of cases. The impact of the seizure on performance of parenting role's tasks implied no relationship between history of seizure and performance of parenting role's tasks. Economic situation as well as on how to do tasks was ineffective.
Conclusion: Imbalance in performance of parenting role's tasks in primary care, education, leisure and cognition promotion showed that existence of a disabled child in the family had negative impact on the parenting role's tasks in different aspects, for example further focus on one of the domains lead to ignorance of other domains. Total score confirmed the negative impact of disabled children on efficient implementation of parenting role's tasks.
Abdoreza Yavari, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Hamid Dalvand, Akram Valizadeh, Farhad Fatehi, Mahmudreza Nakhaei,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: One of the problems in children with cerebral palsy is impaired eating and drinking liquids. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral motor stimulations on feeding function in the children with spastic cerebral palsy by two medical and family centered approaches.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study that performed on 40 children 2-8 year olds with spastic Cerebral Palsy from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak. They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Applied instruments were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E&R) and oral motor assessment scale(OMAS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, reporting mean, standard deviation, data analysis frequncy distribution table, independent t-test, dependent t-test, chi-square and MANOVA.
Results: The difference of swallowing function assessed by OMAS in both groups managed by family centered and clinician centered approach prior and post management statistialy was meaningful (p=0.001(. The difference between swallowing function of both groups post intervention was not meaningful in view of first and second assessor, also it had no statistical significance(p=0.89 , p=0.07)
Conclusion: In general, we can conclude that oral motor stimulation is effective on swallowing function of cerebral palsy children in both treated groups. The effect of these stimulations on swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy between clinician centered and family centered approaches was equal.
Mahbobe Ebadi, Fatemeh Hoseini, Fateme Pahlevan, Mohammad Esmaeilzade Akhoundi, Vahid Farhadi, Roqaye Asqari,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory in patients with major depression.
Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test and follow-up with control group. The research population comprised female outpatient referrals to private psychiatric centers and psychological counseling centers in Tehran in the first half of 2016, They had received a diagnosis of depression by a psychiatrist at least once. Of these, 30 females were selected as a sample group with convenience sampling method and based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion and were divided randomly into two groups , experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) group. The experimental group received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in 10 sessions, While this intervention was not provided to the control group. The data were collected by N-BACK. Analysis of variance with repeated measurments was used to test the research hypothesis.
Results: The results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had a significant effect on increasing working memory and the impact will continue to follow up.
Conclusion: Therefore, this approach can be used to improve working memory in people with major depression.
Saeid Arsham , Farhad Ghadiri, Mehdi Babak,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Learning disorders, especially dysgraphia, are among the students' educational disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two intervention methods of neurofeedback training and the movement program on the handwriting performance of 9-11 years old children with dysgraphia.
Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental comparative study with a
pretest-posttest design. Thirty right-handed boy students aged 9 to 11 years old were selected from elementary and middle schools (district 4) in Karaj, based on the dysgraphia Fallahchai test. Participants were randomly divided into three groups each included 10 subjects. The movement program group did activities with emphasis on visual-motor coordination, fine motor control, visual-motor integrity, and eye-hand coordination 3 sessions per week, for 4 weeks (total of twelve sessions). The neurofeedback group did a training protocol (decreasing beta wave and increasing alpha wave at C3 zone) in 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week each session for 20 minutes. The control group did not any training intervention.
Results: The data analysis showed that there were significant differences between two groups of intervention and the control group. The two experimental groups had a significant improvement compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that the selected movement program is more effective than neurofeedback training intervention.
Conclusion: Overall, the selected movement program was more effective than the neurofeedback training and control group. Therefore, it is suggested that the movement program intervention should be used to improve the handwriting performance of students with poor handwritten quality.
Mahsa Kazemi Roodsari, Farhad Mashayekhi,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are vital for the degradation/remodeling of the extra-cellular matrix, and are involved in spiral artery formation and invasion of endometrium during implantation. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), is expressed in the several tissues of organisms and inhibits MMP activity. The aim of this investigation was to study the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TIMP1 (rs4898) (372 T/C) with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome by AS-PCR.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 200 blood samples including 100 IVF negative and 100 IVF positive (control) were collected in this study. DNA was extracted for TIMP1 genotyping. The genotype and allele frequencies of 372T/C polymorphism were examined by Allele-Specific PCR.
Results: The genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT in 372 T/C polymorphism of TIMP1 gene in IVF- samples were 1%, 98% and 1%, respectively, while for IVF+ group were 7%, 91% and 2%, respectively (p=0.07). The allele frequencies of C and T in the IVF- were 50%, 50%, respectively and in IVF+ were 47.5%, 52.5%, respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies of TIMP1 rs4898 (372 T/C) did not differ between the patients and the control group (p=0.07 and p=0.68, respectively).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that SNP 372T/C of TIMP1 may not be associated with IVF-ET outcome in this population. Further studies with larger numbers of patients and controls are needed to confirm our results.
Farhad Azimi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr, Roghayeh Afroundeh,
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: H2S plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of the special aerobic training after induction of Alzheimer’s disease by Aβ1-42 injection on CBS and SAM levels in hippocampus of Wistar male rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (8 weeks old and weight 195 ± 20 g) were divided into four groups including: healthy control, Alzheimer’s control, Alzheimer’s + training and sham. To induce Alzheimer’s disease, Aβ1-42 was infused into the hippocampus of rats. Training group trained for 4-week. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used and Eta and Omega squared tests were used to determine the effect size (p<0.05).
Results: Findings revealed that 4 weeks of special aerobic training increased significantly the CBS and SAM levels in hippocampus of Alzheimer’s rats compared to the control Alzheimer’s rats ( ES=53; p= 0.007, ES= 92.22; p= 0.001). Also, we showed 4 weeks of special aerobic training increased CBS level in hippocampus of Alzheimer’s rats compared to the healthy cotrol group (ES= 44.07;
p= 0.014).
Conclusion: It seems that the special aerobic training can be used as a useful non-pharmacologically effective therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer's patients through positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide via CBS and SAM enzymes.
Asma Mahmoodi, Farhad Ghadiri, Ali Rashidi-Pour,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stress is a powerful modulator of memory performance. Emotional arousal affects the various aspects of learning and memory through stimulation of the amygdala or the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress related acute exercise on reconsolidation of dart throwing task learned with errorless method.
Materials and Methods: Participants of the study included 60 girls with an average age of 20.5 who were randomly assigned to three groups including: target (n = 20), control (n=20), and control 2 (n = 20). On the first day, all three groups under the same conditions acquired the skill of throwing darts in an errorless method and immediately after that performed the immediate retrieval. On the second day, after memory reactivation, the target group was exposed to stress resulting of acute exercise while the control 1 group did rest. The acute stress was presented to control 2 group without memory reactivation. During the experiment, changes in salivary cortisol were measured. On the third day, the delayed memory retrieval for each of the three groups was implemented.
Findings: the results showed that while the control 1 and control 2 groups did not show enhancement of dart throwing learning across delayed memory retrieval than immediate retrieval, the target group showed substantial enhancement across the same time (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that acute stress after memory reactivation can facilitate the implicit motor memory reconsolidation in women.
Mohsen Salesi, Mohammad Mehrtash, Farhad Daryanoosh, Nader Tanide,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Excessive fat accumulation is one of the most important mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Accordingly, in this study, we will examine the effect of caloric restriction on lipid coat proteins that prevent lipolysis of the adipose tissue.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 weight) were used. First, rats were divided into 2 groups (standard and high-calorie diet). After 8 weeks, the high-calorie diet group was randomly assigned to two subgroups: caloric restriction and high-fat diet. Finally, the amount of perilipin 1 and 5 genes expression evaluated by Pcr and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA index.
Findings: The weight and insulin resistance of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the standard and calorie restriction group (p≤0.005). Insulin resistance was not significantly different between the caloric restriction and standard group (p = 0.394). The expression of perilipin 1 in the adipose tissue of the high-fat diet was significantly higher than the caloric restriction group (p ≤0.005). The expression of perilipin 1 gene in skeletal muscle in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the calorie restriction and standard diet groups (p≤0.005). The calorie restriction group had more perilipin 5 expressions than the high-fat diet and the standard group (p ≤0.005).
Conclusion: The caloric restriction may be due to the effect on lipid coat proteins and, as a result, a decrease in fat accumulation, that it can prevent insulin resistance.
Maryam Rahimi Tesiye, Farhad Valizadegan, Shahrbanoo Oryan,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Working memory is a dynamic neural system for temporarily maintaining and processing of information. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the main processing center of Working memory by using different neurotransmitter systems communicate with other brain structures such as Basolateral Amygdala (BLA). In this study, we investigated the role of Opioidergic system in medial PFC and Dopaminergic system of BLA nucleus in working memory based on RAM test.
Materials and Methods: In this study, The male Wistar rats were used. Rats were cannulated with stereotaxic surgery in mPFC and BLA sites. After a recovery period, they were microinjected. Parameters such as working and reference memory errors were calculated with DSWS protocol.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.UMZ.REC.1397.23 has been approved by Bioethics Committee at Mazandaran University, Iran.
Findings: High doses of Morphine (2 µg/rat) intra mPFC and Chloropromazine (2 µg/rat) intra BLA have improving effects on working and reference memory (p≤0.05). Low (0.005 µg/rat) and high dose (0.5 µg/rat) of Apomorphine had improving {(p≤0.05), (p≤0.01)} and the moderate dose (0.05 µg/rat) of it had decreasing effect on working and reference memory (p≤0.01). Microinjection of Morphine (0.5 µg/rat) with triple doses of Chloropromazine had no significant change on working and reference memory errors. Interaction of Morphine (0.5 µg/rat) with different doses of Apomorphine could change Apomorphine different effects. Coadministration of different doses of Apomorphine with effective dose of Chloropromazine (2 µg/rat) and Morphine (2 µg/rat) decreased the working and reference memory errors.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that in processing of working and reference memory, opioidergic system in mPFC and dopaminergic system in BLA, are interacting reciprocally.
Vahid Hadidi, Farhad Daryanoosh, Javad Nemati, Nader Tanideh,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a hind limb immobilization on the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, Mfn2, PINK1 and Drp1 genes as the main regulators of mitochondrial quality and function in soleus muscle of endurance trained rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, exercise +immobilization and immobilization). The exercise + immobilization group run on the treadmill for 12 weeks and five times per week. The hind limb of the animal was immobilized for seven days with the casting method. Soleus muscle was extracted and the expression of the genes was measured by RT-PCR method. Univariate ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to determine the differences (α = 0.05).
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.SUMS.REC.1396.S444 has been approved by research ethics committee at Shiraz university of medical sciences, Iran.
Findings: Results showed that immobilization in both immobilization and exercise +immobilization groups, compared to the conterl group, reduced the expression of PGC-1α gene (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045), NRF1 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006), Mfn2 (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) and increased the expression of PINK1 (p = 0.001 and p= 0.001), but the expression of Drp1 gene didn't change significantly (p = 0.069 and p = 0.223). Also, studies showed that the expression of PGC-1α (p = 0.013), NRF1 (p = 0.001) and Mfn2 (p = 0.001) in the exercise + immobilization was lower in compare with the immobilization group. The expression of PINK1 was lower than immobilization group as well (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study shows that endurance training has a protective effect on mitochondrial quality during the immobilization period, but it can't prevent mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mehdi Rostamizadeh, Alireza Elmieh, Farhad Rahmani Nia,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Physical activity causes the releases of bone resorption indices in the bloodstream by the mechanical load on bone, which in interaction with adipokines reduces obesity and prevent its complications. So, the present study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on Anthropometric Indices and osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin levels in overweight men.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 overweight young healthy men (BMI 28.67±0.96 and age 31.50 ± 2.23) were randomly assigned to control (n = 14), aerobic exercise (n = 13) and resistance exercise (n = 13) groups. Subjects in the exercise group were on 8-week supervised exercise training programme for three sessions per week (aerobic exercise were performed at 60-85% of HRR, and resistance exercise were performed at 55-75% of 1RM). Osteocalcin and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin) were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise programme. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.RASHT.REC.1396.124 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch, Iran and also has been registered with code IRCT20180226038876N1 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT).
Findings: Aerobic and resistance training led to decrease in anthropometric indices (p<0.05), leptin levels (p<0.001, p=0.001) and increase in osteocalcin (p=0.001, p<0.001) and adiponectin (p=0.001, p<0.001), respectively. In addition, the difference between the two training groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Considering to the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on osteocalcin and adipocytokines level, it seems that both exercise methods can be increasing mechanical load on bone mass and cause to change in energy metabolism and body weight and can be an important factor in decrease of obesity complications.
Kurosh Farhadtoski, Mojtaba Bayani, Hamid Sarlak, Zohreh Salimi,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (June & July 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of periodontitis and it generally considered as a progressive inflammatory disease. Environmental and systemic factors can alter the immune response to biofilm and lead to progressive degenerative disease. Chronic periodontitis is defined as an infectious disease that causes inflammation in the tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal attachment loss, and bone loss. Identification of risk factors for this disease is important. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the risk factors for chronic periodontitis.
Methods & Materials: This case-control study was conducted on 120 periodontitis patients and 120 healthy controls in Arak, Iran. A questionnaire was used to estimate their Socio-Economic Status (SES) and survey demographic and risk factors. For the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, the identification of plaque accumulation site and clinical examination were performed. To investigate the association of chronic periodontitis with study variables, multilevel logistic regression analysis was used in STATA V. 11 software.
Ethical Considerations: This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences under code: 1397.145.
Results: The Odds Ratio (OR) of chronic periodontitis in adults aged above 30 years was 2.91 (95% CI: 1.01-8.73). Compared to subjects with low SES, the OR of chronic periodontitis was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.22- 4.27) in those with moderate SES and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.98) in those with high SES. Compared to patients who did not brush their teeth, the OR of chronic periodontitis was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.39-0.89) in patients reported toothbrushing. Compared to those who reported changing toothbrush sooner than 3 months, the OR was 4.96 (95% CI: 2.27-11.3) in those their changed their toothbrush for more than 6 months interval. The OR of chronic periodontitis in current smokers was 3.09 (95% CI: 1.52-4.76).
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tooth brushing, and SES are the risk factors associated with chronic periodontitis.
Mohammad Sadegh Maschi, Sheida Sodagar, Farhad Jomehri, Marjan Hosseinzadeh Taghvai, Mojgan Forootan,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (February & March 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patients with the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases and ulcers constitute a large number of patients referring to general and internal clinics. Furthermore, preliminary studies on gastric ulcers highlighted the role of psychological factors in the development of a susceptible gastric ulcer. The current study aimed to determine the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcers.
Methods & Materials: This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up and a control group design. The statistical population included all patients with a gastric ulcer who were referred to public health centers in Tehran City, Iran, in the winter of 2018. Among the volunteers participating in the study, 30 patients with gastric ulcers were selected by the convenience sampling method. Next, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). Measurement tools included the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990). The experimental group subjects participated in eight 90-minute sessions of CBT. However, the controls received no psychological treatment in this period. For data analysis, repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were applied.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch (Code: IR.IAU.K.REC.1397.85).
Results: The present research results signified that CBT improved problem-oriented coping styles (P<0.01) and decreased emotion-focused coping styles (P<0.01) and avoidance (P<0.01) in the test group. Besides, the mean scores of pain intensity decreased in the experimental group, compared to the controls (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The provided CBT was effective on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcers.
Mohammad Ranjbarian, Korosh Etemad, Fatemeh Zarei, Rozita Farhadi, Jalaledin Sa´di,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (April & May 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is almost impossible to imagine life without electromagnetic waves. Such waves play a key role in the function of melatonin and create numerous diseases.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 230 kV substations in Golestan Province, Iran in 2016. In total, 44 workers of electrical substations (the case group) and 23 workers of healthcare centers (the control group) with 24-hour shift works were enrolled in this study.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences( Code: IR.SBMU.THNS.REC.1395.9).
Results: The obtained data suggested that 100% of the electric field intensity and the magnetic flux density measured at the substations were within the permissible range of occupational exposure. The mean level of melatonin in the case group was lower than that in the control group; however, no significant difference was observed in this regard (P=0.761). Additionally, there was no significant difference between melatonin level and age (P=0.381), work experience (P=0.213), job groups (P=0.515), and employee activity area (P=0.482).
Conclusion: According to this study, no significant relationship was observed between electromagnetic waves and melatonin levels. Moreover, electromagnetic waves were within the permissible exposure. Thus, electromagnetic waves did not affect the level of melatonin hormone in male employees of 230 kV substations in Golestan Province. However, there was a decrease in the case group, compared to the controls. Therefore, definite comments require further investigation.
Mohamadreza Arab, Abdolreza Yavari, Marzieh Babaee, Farhad Fatehi,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (February & March 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Swallowing disorder is a common and constant problem in people with Down Syndrome. In experimental method electromyography can be used to evaluate Mastication . The aim of this study was to evaluate the electromyography of the masseter and temporal muscles during Mastication in 2 to 12 years old children with Down syndrome in Arak.
Material and methods: This is a descriptive-analytical and case-control study, that conducted with the purpose of electromyographic study of masseter and temporal muscles during Mastication on 15 children from available 2 to 12 years old Down Syndrome and 15 children that were matched according the method of person-to-person matching in terms of age and gender with samples with Down syndrome
Ethical considerations: In this study, conscious consent was obtained from all parents and no physical harm was inflicted on individuals.
Findings: About the comparison of the mean of amplitude (intensity) of electrical signal of muscle between two groups except right temporal muscle during Mastication and about the mean of the mean frequency when Mastication except for left temporal muscle, in other cases the difference was significant. In the case of comparing the median frequency of the electrical signal of the muscle in most muscles the difference was not significant.
Conclusion: Mean amplitude (intensity) and frequency of the mean electrical signal of the muscle when chewing in most muscles was different between the two groups with Down syndrome and normal, but the differences in mean median frequency in most muscles were insignificant.
Dr Hamidreza Soodagar, Dr Ali Farhadimahalli, Ms Hamideh Rezaei, Sir Mousa Reza Es'haqgh-Pour Rezaee,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (February & March 2022)
Abstract
N/A
Toktam Masomi, Doctor Gholamreza Manshaee, Doctor Hadi Farhadi,
Volume 26, Issue 5 (December & January 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combined treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness on cortisol levels in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group and a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the clinics of the Psychological Services Center and Counseling in Region 3, the Counseling and Psychological Services Center of Welfare in Region 6, and the Aryaz Counseling and Psychological Services of Region 6, Tehran, from April 2022 to the end of autumn 2022.
Results: The sample consisted of 30 individuals (10 males and 20 females) with generalized anxiety disorder, selected purposefully and randomly assigned to a treatment group based on virtual reality and mindfulness (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). Pre-test, post-test, and follow-up cortisol levels were measured, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was used as the entry criterion. Subsequently, the experimental group received an eight-session, 17-minute weekly treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness. Participants in this group, while immersed in a virtual environment, watched 360-degree virtual reality videos, "Walking by the Beach" and "Pebbles in the Lake," accompanied by mindfulness audio contemplation, "Being Present and Breathing," and "Wise Mind," using a VR headset and VR-ARBOX. The control group received no treatment.
Conclusions: After completing the interventions, post-tests and two-month follow-ups were conducted. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS23 software, revealing that the combined treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness was effective in reducing cortisol levels. It is suggested that this combined method is used as a clinical intervention in order to reduce the level of anxiety and cortisol of people suffering from generalized anxiety disorder alone or along with other psychological and pharmaceutical interventions.
Mehdi Mikelani Akhoreh Ouliaei, Farnaz Farhad, Hamid Sarlak,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background: Paying attention to parents' wishes and opinions is an important issue in choosing the treatment technique by the dentist. Despite the relatively low attitude of parents towards the use of the "parental presence/absence" technique, dentists still use this technique during the dental treatment of children. The present study was conducted with the aim of simultaneously investigating the attitude of dentists regarding the "presence/absence of parents" technique during the treatment of 4-10-year-old children and determining the factors affecting this attitude.
Methods and materials:In this cross-sectional study, the attitude of 83 dentists regarding the "presence/absence of parents" technique was measured with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire tool. The questionnaire scored the attitude of dentists regarding the above technique and evaluated the background factors affecting the child's attitude. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSSV 24 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The average score of the participants' attitude was 60.61±12.99. Also, 55.4 percent of the participants considered this technique "unsuccessful". The factors "type of treatment", "age of the child", "behavior of the child", "behavior of the parents" and "applying the technique of presence/absence" had a significant effect on the attitude of the participants.
Conclusion: dentists do not have a high attitude regarding the "presence/absence of parents" technique. According to dentists working in the field of children, the success of this technique in guiding children's behavior is not high.
