Mahmoud Amyni,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2000)
Abstract
The most prevalent anomaly of esophageal cutaneus atresia is TEF (Tracheo-Esophageal fistula). Prevalencec of this disease is 1 in 3000 to 1 in 4500 of births. Esophageal atresia probably is a distinctive a tresia. This disease is composed of: 1-Atresia with distal portion TEF(88.5%). 2-Atresia with proximal TEF(0.8%) 3-Atresia without TEF(7.7%) 4- TEF without atresia (4.2%) 5- Atresia with both proximal and distal TEF. About 50% of patients have anomalies together. Appearance of disease usually begins in birth. Apnea and cough when the neonatal feeding is occurring because of aspiration is appear in first hours of life. This study done as prospective and cross-sectional. All of the neonatals were studied from 1/3/2000 to 1/1/2000. Rate of survival was 83%. 83.3% percent of patients were mature and 16.6% were premature.
Parviz Ghadam Li,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2000)
Abstract
Guidelines about the use of oral rehydration solutions (OSR) and dietary management of acute gastroenteritis (GE) were published and presented by World Health Organization (WHO). The aims of this study were to examine pediatricians knowledge and implementation of the WHO guidelines, the effect of medical schools (Tehran versus other cities graduates) on the physicians practice, and the effect of the type of practice of the management of gasteroenteritis (private clinic versus hospital-based). A multiple-choice, written questionnaire was distributed at Pediatrics annual meeting. A total of 87 pediatricians completed the questionnaire. They were aware of 73% of the current WHO guidelines and followed 60% of the guidelines. Most pediatricians (83%) yse ORS fir treatment of dehydration in GE, but 60% of pediatricians believe that full-strenght feeds are inappropriate in the presence of GE. In addition, 37% of the pediatricians stop feeding temporarily in the presence of GE. These findings suggest that steps for implementing the nutritional guidelines are needed.
Jamal Fellahati , Hamidreza Nikbin, Mohsen Ebrahimi , Mitra Frotan,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
Cataract is one of the important diseases in childhood that can be classified in two main groups: Congenital & Acquired. There hasn’t been any exact idea about the prevalence of this disease in childhood yet. On the other hand it has been very important to diagnose the disease before the age 6 years old. So that preventing from the adverse effects. We tried to perform our plan in the students of the primary schools in the city of Arak. The study was descriptive observational and cross-sectional. Total numbers of the students of the primary schools in Arak were 58557. We selected 7668 students (3972 boys & 3696 girls). 10 students (7 boys & 3 girls) had cataract. As a result the total prevalence of the cataract among the students of the primary schools in the city of Arak in spring (1376) was 0.13%.
Sharareh Khosravi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are an important part of medical problems which most of times needs intensive care and cause high rates of mortality and morbidity in infants. In this descriptive study which was done in spring 1379 (2000) the incidence of gross congenital anomalies was determined in newborns, born in Taleghani and Ghods Hospitals in Arak city. 2069 newborns were born during the time in which 17 cases had at least one congenital anomaly. Results showed that the incidence for congenital anomalies was 0.82%. 58.82% of these affected newborns were female, 46.41% were born under 37 weeks of gestation and 4.28% were under 2500 grams. In 29.41% of cases, marriage was consanguineous, 58.81% of these mothers were multipara and 70.59% were under 30 years old. 35.29% of mothers had a major disease and 11.77% used drugs during pregnancy. 77.47% of these newborns had only one anomaly in which the most common involved system were CNS, head and neck and skeletal. 23.53% of cases had more than one anomaly.
Jamileh Danesh Nia ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
For the purpose of surveying the relationship of family health behaviors with enuresis, among the school-age children (aged 7-12 year), who studied at primary schools of educational regions, in the West of Tehran, 138 students who at least, were enuresis, according to DSM III-R diagnostic criteria, chosen as case group, and 127 students who were normal, chosen as control group. The research was a analytical-descriptive survey that has been carried out in the form of a case-control retrospective study. A multistage random sampling method was used to select the studied sample. The case and control were matched with each others, according to their age, sex, educational region and socioeconomic status. Finally, data analysis revealed that among factors that related to the childs prenatal and neonatal period, there was significant association between, mother taking effort for aboration, history of mothers stress, and abdominal trauma during pregnancy, kind of delivery, child cyanosis at birth and enuresis. Also results indicated significant relationship between duration of childs breast feeding history of childs fever with convulsion and enuresis. At least based on the results, most hypothesis have not been rejected and according to them practical recommendation have been suggested.
Sedighe Rafeei Tabatabaaie , Hassan Mojtaba,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
B.C.G vaccine, with 79 years antiquity is still the most used vaccine around the world. On the average 85 percent of children around the world received this vaccine in 1993. Immunity induction and the rate of effectiveness of this vaccine was reported differently between 2.83% in various studies. This study was done for evaluating the effect of B.C.G in infancy period. After vaccination, the establish scar diameter had been measured and tuberculin test with the 5 unit PPD solution had been performed. B.C.G scar diameter were in 96% of cases or more than 3 millimeters (scar positive) and 4% less than 3 millimeters. Response to tuberculin test had been less than 5 millimeters (negative) in 309 persons 39% and between 5 to 9 millimeters (suspected or vaccinal positive ) in 436 persons (55%) and equal or more than 10 millimeters (positive ) in 49 persons (6%). There had been correlation between the size of B.C.G scar and the severity of tuberculin test.
Mehdi Mosayebi, Zahra Eslami Rad ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. Have a world-wide distribution that is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and in the immunocompromised such as those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cryptosporidium in many countries is three of forth agent of diarrhea among children. This study was carried out on 405 children under age of 5 that referred to Amir-Kabir hospital between May to October 1997-98 (N=405). The analysis of excretion by modified Zeil-Nelson were carried out. 31 children 7.7% were infected by cryptosporidium. This rate in children with diarrhea was 5.66%. The amount of infection was 6%, 8.7% in girls and boys and this rate was in higher limit in September and October. Infection in children was related with domestic animals and birds in house or drinking other source of water except of piping water. The infection was highest rate in 4-5 years children and was lower rate in 3-4 years children.
Mozhgan Hashemieh , Gholamali Fatahi Bayat,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2001)
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important disease in the newborn period that can lead to many complications and even death. This study is a descriptive study which was done on neonataes who admitted in neonatal and NICU wards of Amir-Kabir and Taleghani Hospitals in Arak City from March 1999 to March 2000. The number of cases in this study were 500 and all of them were evaluated and sepsis work up were done. The frequency of neonatal sepsis in male neonates was more than female neonates and M/F ratio was 1.4. The ratio of neonatal sepsis in premature neonates to term neonates was 1.5. The ratio of sepsis neonatal in L.B.W neonates to normal neonates was 1.4. The most common clinical manifestation of neonatal sepsis in this study was poor feeding. 75% of patients had early-onset sepsis and 25% of patients had late-onset sepsis. In our study from 474 neonates, blood culture in 25 cases were positive. The most common microorganisms were non fermentative gram negative bacilli (32%) and Klebsiella (28%). 24 neonates had positive urine culture and the most common etiologic agent was Klebsiella. Leukocytosis and anemia were detected in 31.2% and 17.95% of our patients. The mortality rate in these neonates were 18.4%.
Gholam Ali Fatahi Bayat, Sousan Marefati,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2001)
Abstract
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a psychosocial problem for children and parents. The incidence of Ne is 20% in 5 years old children. Since no single etiology is found for disorder, various therapeutic modalities have been used. None of which could cure enuresis entirely. Two types of treatment are considered: Pharamacologic & nonpharmacologic. A prospective experimental study in the level of clinical trial in 98 children aged 5-15 years who have NE underwent for 1 month of therapy with imiperamine in 49 and desmopressin in 49 no. of patient treated with imiperamine 36 children have complete response (73%) (all dry bed), at the 3 months follow up 20 children have recurrence. Ammong patients treated with dessmopressin, 31 children have complete response (63%). Recueernce rate after 3 months is 17 cases. Our results didn’t indicate any statistical difference between imipramine & desmopressin in the treatment of N.E. Imipramine is more complicated than desmopressin so that desmppressin is preferred.
Abdolrahim Sadeghi, Hamidreza Rozati, Minou Golestani, Azadeh Moshtagh, Mozhgan Sadeghi , Zoreh Sari,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2001)
Abstract
About 3-5 percent of population suffer from mental retardation (MR) mildly to severely. One of the most common causes of Mr is chromosomal aberrations. In this research, Chromosmal study was performed for 100 Mental Retarders (MRS) by G-banding Method. 100 MRS were suffering from downs syndromes: 21 cases with 21 free Trisomy, 1 case chromosomal mosaism and residual case had Robertsonian traslocation 14; 21 also chromosomal mosaism. Other 8 MRS had be structural aberrations in chromosmals such as inversion (3 cases), partial trisomy (1 case), ring 22 chromosme (1 case) and breakages in different chromosmes (3 cases). The results showed that chromosomal aberrations are frequent between Mental Retarderes and the most common chromosomal aberrations occure between MRS is 21 free trisomy.
Manizheh Kahbazi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2001)
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is one of the most common preventable and curable metabolic disorders, especially seen in low birth weight infants. About 80% of hypoglycemic conditions are asymptomatic or the symptoms will present between the third to fifth days after birth that infants are discharged from the hospital. However even in asymptomatic cases, hypoglycemia has exposed the infant to sever defects of nervous system development which these defects depended on duration and severity of hypoglycemia will be remained as reduction of head circumference and psychomotor disorders for child especially in 3 to 5 years old. We studied 284 LBW infants that about 5.2% of them were hypoglycemic in the first 24 hours after birth. (Blood glucose was less than 30, g/dl). About 80% of cases were asymptomatic. 20% of showed were symptomatic such as hypotonia, generalixed convulsion with apena and total cyanosis. These infants were of twin pregnancy or Cesarian section. We also studied infants based on gestational age. (Preterm & IUGR) The prevalence of hypoglycemia in preterm infants was 2.3% and 6.6% in IUGR infants. There was no significant relation between the sex and incidence of hypoglycemia . The most common prevalence of hypoglycemia were seen in infants with body weight between 1500 -2000 grams.
Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi, Mostafa Sharifian, Ahmad Shajari, Akram Heidary,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background: Prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing in children and maybe hematury is only sign. This study was conducted to investigate clinical manifestation and etiology of urolithiasis in children younger than 14 year-old. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and case-series study was carried out on 100 patients referring to Sahamie Pediatric hospital in Qom in 2007-8. Age, sex, family history, clinical manifestation (fever, dysuria and Pain) and laboratory tests (Na, K, Ca, P, urea, Cr, Albumin, Alkaline phosphates of serum ABG, urine sediment, urine culture Na, K, Ca, P, Cr, oxalate and citrate of urine/24h and cysteine in random sample of urine) were determined. Ceratenin correcting formula was used for adequacy controlling of urine collecting. Results: Hypocitraturia (56.8%), hypercalciuria (29.4%), hyperuricosuria (26.3%), hyperoxaluria (14.7%), phosphaturia (8.4%) and cystinuria (6.3%) were detected. Also, 54% patients had urinary tract infection. Pain (27.7%), fever (33.3%), irritability and dysuria (62.2%) and hematuria (77.7%) were seen. Positive family history was reported in 23% of patients. Conclusion: Most common clinical manifestations in children with stone were hematuria, dysuria, fever and pain. The common etiology of urolithiasis respectively was hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, phosphaturia and cystinuria.
Parsa Yousefi, Ali Cyrous, Masod Moslehabadi, Mona Haji Agha Bozorgi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background: Developmental anomalies in sacral bone have been recognized as one of the causes of urinary incontinence. Sacral ration was suggested as a valuable scale in determining the sacral bone health. According to insufficient studies in this field and variation in results, a determination of relationship between sacral ratio (SR) with primary enuresis were seemed imperative. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytic study, two groups (n=59) of 5-9 year-old children who admitted in pediatric and urology clinics of Amir Kabir hospital in one year were determined. Primary enuresis group with normal urine-analysis and ultrasonography, no history of dysuria, frequency, and urgency and control group without primary enuresis were selected. The mean ratio between the greatest widths of the sacral bone to its greatest length in the AP radiogram was compared between both groups. Results: In case group, 98.3% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was 0.89. There were not a significant relationship between gender and normal or abnormal SR. In control group, 88.1% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was 0.91. Girls more than boys had normal SR. Significant difference between mean ratio of SR and greatest width to length in both groups were not seen. Conclusion: Significant relationship between SR with primary enuresis in 5-9 year-old children was not seen.
Fatemeh Dorreh, Talat Mohamadi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Background: Oetection of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Arak has begun since 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate on recall rate (RR) and the incidence of this disease in Arak. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, according to the national screening program for CH in Iran, heel blood samples of 3-5 day- old neonates were taken on special filter paper and TSH values were measuned using ELISA method. TSH values bigger than 5mu/lit were recalled and thyroid function tests (TSH, T4 and T3RUP) were done on venous blood samples and assayed using ELISA method. Neonates with TSH values >10 mu/lit, T4<6.5 ug/dl were viewed as patients. Data related to neonates born up to the end of March 2009 were recorded in special forms. Results: Of 25685 screened neonates, 608 newborns were recalled. RR was estimated to be 2.36%. TSH values in 3.78% were less than 5, in 83.55% between 5-9.9, in 7.56% between 10-19.9 and in 5.09% more than or equal to 20. Eighty six neonates had CH (1/300 live births). Disease rate in recalled neonates was 14.2%. In 80.26 percent of neonates, sampling was done between 3-5 days while the times of sampling in 18.5 and 1.1 percents of the newborns were in days 6-21 and after day 22, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of CH in Arak is remarkably higher than national and international rates. RR in Arak is higher than the national but lower than the international rates. Also, the ratio of the disease to the recalled neonates is low.
Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Abolfazl Safaralizadeh, Reza Shabanloei,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: Among respiratory support techniques, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and mechanical ventilation (MV) are more known for their effectivity in reducing complications associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Moreover, early application of NCPAP and administration of surfactant are effective in decreasing the need for MV and its adverse effects. This study was designed to compare NCPAP and MV after administration of surfactant in preterm neonates with RDS. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 preterm neonates (<32 weeks) were evaluated. After receiving one dose of surfactant (4 cc/kg), the subjects were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, and respiratory support was established via positive airway pressure or MV. Results: There were no significant differences between the neonates in the two groups in terms of gestational age and birth weight. The mean duration of MV was significantly lower in the treatment group (p=0.001). On day 3, the number of ventilator-dependent neonates in the control group was more (26.7% versus 83.3%). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of second surfactant doses, mortality rate, and the number of patients who had developed short-term complications during hospital stay. Conclusion: In a significant number of preterm babies with RDS, NCPAP can be extubated after receiving one dose of surfactant. This is a potentially useful modality for respiratory support with a low mortality and morbidity rate and limited complications in very premature infants.
Parsa Yousefi Chaijan, Fatemeh Dorre, Zahra Moghaddasi, Maryam Mashayekhi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background : Urine tract infection(UTI) among children is the most prevalent bacterial infection and the second prevalent infection after Viral Flu.Regarding this cfact that urine culturing has very important role in diagnisis and perseverance of this disease and sampling method has significant effect on this disease remedy.
In this study the effect of genital area ablution on decreasing the contamination of urine culture is examined.
Methods and Materials: This study is in the form of case_controlled.In this study 620 little girls (3-12 years –old) referring to Amir Kabir children special clinic are examined.Population under investigation was cpatients who had not history of taking antibiotic during last seven days, sondage and genital anomaly and inflammation and genital discharge.
Patients were randomly entered in two different groups one with ablution and the other without ablution.After data collection, available inputs were statistically analyzed with SPSS and the effect of genital area ablution was determined on decreasing the contamination of urine culture.
Results: Among 310 patients in with_ablution group 11 patients were reported UTI(3/7%).3 patients were contaminated (1%),296 patients were normal (95/3%).Among 310 patients in the second group,14 patients were reported UTI(4/7%),6 patients were contaminated(2%),290 patients were normal(93/3%).Contamination rate in with_ablution group were 1% and in the other group was 2%Based on Pvalue :0/491 in both groups no significant statistically difference were found between these two groups and the analysis result distribution in both groups in a=0/05 level were statistically the same.
Conclusion: In both group no significant statistically difference were found between these two groups ,so we concluded that the genital area ablution doesn’t have such an effect on decreasing the contamination of urine culture and we don’t suggest ablution of genital area in children before providing urine sampling.
Nafiseh Gazerani, Fatemeh Nahidi, Parsa Yousefi, Alireza Abadi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Infantile colic is a behavioral syndrome characterized by severe crying without a specific cause in healthy under three-month-old infants. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of infant massage and rocking on the duration and frequency of crying time in colicky infants.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 100 infants 1-2 weeks of age with colic who referred to Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran, in 2010. The infants were randomly assigned to massage group (n=50) and rocking group (n=50). In the massage group, mothers were recommended to massage their child three times a day for 7 days. In the rocking group, mothers were recommended to rock their child during crying every day for 7 days. In both groups, mothers recorded infant crying durations during one week in a checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The mean difference of total crying times and durations were 8.34 and 4.12 during the first day and 4.26 time/day and 1.32 hour/day during the last day in the massage group, whereas in the rocking group, these values were 7.50 and 2.42 in the first day and 6.94 and 2.14 hour/day in the last day, respectively. The means of crying times and durations in the massage group were more than those of the rocking group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Infant massage can reduce the duration of crying in colicky infants and it can enhance the relationship between mother and child and their relaxation
Mahtab Attarha, Katayoon Vacillian,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Conjunctivitis is a common cause of reference to pediatrician and general hospitals. The common method of treatment is prescription of antibiotics however, there are concerns over the development of antibiotics resistance and their adverse effects. Therefore, this study was done to compare the effects of boiled water as supplementary treatment and antibiotics on the severity of infants' conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 110 infants referring to the Pediatric Clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The first group (intervention) received boiled water together with ophthalmic erythromycin ointment 1% and sulfastamid ophthalmic solution 10% four times a day and the second group (control) just received antibiotics. Severity of infants conjunctivitis on the first, third, and seventh days of treatment were compared between the two groups using SPSS software. Results: On the 3rd day, 18.2% of the infants in the intervention group and 9.1% of the infants in the antibiotics group were cured which did not indicate a significant difference (p=0.44). On the 7th day, the recovery rate was promoted to 32.7% and 34.5% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p>0.05). Mild severity cases were 58.2% in the intervention and 45.5% in the control groups (p>0.05) while moderate severity cases of conjunctivitis were 9.1% and 20% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although the number of infants who were cured was more in the boiled water group with antibiotics group and the intensity and duration of their disease were less than the control group, these differences were not statistically significant.
Gholamali Fatahi Bayat, Fatemeh Dorre, Afsaneh Akhondzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 8 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Gastric perforation is a rare occurrence in newborns with unknown etiology and risk factors. This study reports a case of acute gastric perforation in a preterm neonate and its risk factors. Case: The patient was a preterm neonate (26 weeks) with NG tube feeding with GI bleeding. The patient underwent abdominal surgery and gastric perforation in the anterior wall was reported. The risk factors for gastric perforation in this neonate were probably prematurity, low birth-weight, N-CPAP, and frequent insertion of NG tube. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that identification of risk factors and reducing or eliminating them are vital to the prevention of this complication.
Rahmat Alah Jadidi, Davod Hekmatpou, Aziz Eghbali, Fereshteh Memari,
Volume 15, Issue 9 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Leukemia, due to its widespread prevalence, high mortality rate, high treatment expenses, and long hospital stay, influences the families and their children to a great extent. This study was done to explore the experiences of parents whose children suffer from leukemia. Materials and Methods: Using qualitative research approach with applying content analysis method, 22 participants were interviewed in two teaching hospitals during 2 months. The study started by purposive sampling and continued by a theoretical one till data saturation. The obtained data were constantly analyzed through content analysis method. Results: Data analysis showed that “finding no solution in life, having a lot of problems, errors in treatment, concealing the illness, faith in God, parents’ devotion, hospital facilities, and consistency were the level 3 codes of parents’ experiences and “parents’ reaching a dead-end in life” was the main theme or core category of this study. Conclusion: Using a qualitative approach for exploring the experiences of parents with a child suffering from blood cancer helped recognize them more profoundly than quantitative methods. On the other hand, “parents’ reaching a dead-end in life” as the theme shows the importance of attention to parents’ problems. Using these experiences can increase hope among parents and help conduct the treatment more effectively.
