Showing 80 results for Aria
Mohammad Parastesh, Ali Heidarianpour, Mohammad Bayat, Abbas Saremi,
Volume 19, Issue 8 (11-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with reductions in fertility indices. Resistance training, on the other hand, through reducing the adverse effects of diabetes, exerts a positive impact on diabetic individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ten weeks of resistance training on serum levels of reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 Wistar rats with mean weight of 200±50 were randomly assigned to healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The diabetic resistance training group received ten weeks of resistance training (climbing up the ladder) following the induction of diabetes. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, left epididymis of the rats was examined for studying sperm parameters and blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%.
Results: Ten weeks of resistance training induced significant increases in serum testosterone and FSH levels in the resistance training group in comparison to the diabetic group (p<0.007).Resistance training did not have any significant effects on serum LH levels in the resistance training group compared to the diabetic control group. In addition, sperm parameters (sperm count, survival rate and motility) presented significant improvements compared to the diabetic group(p<0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count, survival rate and motility, through increasing serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (reproductive hormones) in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Shekoofeh Rahimi, Mahboobeh Nasiri, Saeideh Arian Nia, Reza Farrokh Seresht,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with broad clinical manifestations, but unclear etiology. Extensive tissue damage occurs due to the production of auto-antibody against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Regarding the involvement of GADD45A gene in cell cycle control, T-cell proliferation suppression, and genome epigenetic regulation, this case-control study was done for the first time to evaluate the association of rs581000 polymorphism in 5’ near gene with the risk of SLE among patients in south of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 102 patients with SLE in comparison with 118 healthy controls. Genotyping of the GADD45A rs581000 polymorphism was performed using T-ARMS PCR.
Results: The T allele was significantly more frequent in the controls (0.13) than in the patients (0.01) with SLE (p<0.001). The frequency of genotypes carrying at least one C allele (CC+CG) was higher in control group (14.4%) compared to patient group (1%), and this allele showed protective effect against the risk of SLE (p<0.001, CI: 0.009-0.5, OR=0.06)
Conclusion: It seems that GADD45A rs581000 polymorphism involved in the SLE pathogenesis.
Nasrin Kzemipour, Seyed Mehdi Shariatzadeh, Saeed Nazifi,
Volume 19, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Silver nanoparticles are capable of inducing toxicity in living organisms. Silver nanoparticles can induce some effect in the liver. Thus silver nanoparticles, due to their wide spread effects, can also affect on hepatic, hematological, and oxidative stress factors. Ginger because of its powerful antioxidantal compounds can influence the toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles in different parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalchoholic extract of ginger on cytotoxic silver nanoparticles on enzymes, hematological parameters, blood oxidative stress markers, and hepatic apoptosis in Balb-c mice.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 rats of Balb-c race Syrians were selected and devided into 4 groups, each consisting of 12. They were treated for a period of 35 days; the first group (control) received distilled water, the second group received nano silver, the third group received ginger extract, and the fourth group received both nanosilver and ginger extract at the same time. Bleeding was done to measure hematological factors, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress; then liver tissue was removed for evaluation of apoptosis. Data were compared using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA.
Results: Enzymes AST , ALT , ALP, GGT and LDH as liver factors showed significant differences in the groups of the study. Hematological factors including of WBC , RBC , Hb , HCT , MCV, MCH , Plt , Lymphocyte and Monocyte showed significant differences in all the groups.
Of oxidative stress factors , only GPX showed significant difference between groups, while no significant difference was observed in other oxidative stress parameters in the blood. Changes in apoptosis showed significant differences in all groups of the study.
Conclusion: Based on the findings the study ,silver nanoparticles with their side effects in different parts of the body can induce changes in various factors and enzymes. Ginger can compensate ,and modify to some extent these side effects. Such effectiveness of ginger can probably be due to its special ingredients.
Ali Heidarianpour, Zahra Razavi, Masoomeh Seif,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and GnRH agonist on the levels of apelin and insulin resistance index in girls with central precocious puberty.
Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty-five girls (7.44±0.34 years) with precocious puberty were included. They were randomly divided into three groups (drug, n=10, exercise+drug, n=8, and exercise, n=7) and one control group (healthy, n=10). In the experimental group, aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 3 days/week was done, duration intensity of exercise gradually increased 5 minutes and 5% respectively every 2 week. Also, the GnRH agonists were used as medicine. BMI, the apelin and insulin resistance index were assessed before and after exercise.
Results: Insulin resistance index and apelin serum levels in experimental group (exercise and exercise+ drug) were significantly decreased(p=0.05), while these factors were unchanged in control group (p=0.05). Additionally, BMI in exercie groups was significantly decreased (p=0.000), while it was increased in experimental group (drug group) (p=0.06).
Conclusion: Considering to current data, it could demonstrate that aerobic training and GNRH agonists at the same time can lead to a decrease in BMI and apelin and an improvement in insulin resistance index.
Paria Nikpey, Tahereh Nazari, Shadi Khalili, Ahmad Ebrahimi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Uterine myomas are benign tumors of the uterus which are derived from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Genetic factors play a major role in the progression of the disease. One of the most important genes which have impression in the mechanism of formation of the myoma is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that plays a basic role in the process of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and mitogenesis. The aim of this study is survey of EGFR gene common mutations in Iranian women with uterine myomas. In this test, the common mutations of the exon 21 and 19 in the EGFR gene were surveyed.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 80 women with myoma and 80 healthy women were studied as control. For checking deletion mutation of the Exon 19 (rs121913438), the Tetra ARMS/PCR method has been used and also for checking point mutation of the exon 21(rs121434568), the ARMS/PCR method has been used and results of the experiments were analyzed via χ 2 test.
Results: The comparison of the genotypes frequency of exon 21 (TT, TG, GG) and exon 19 (WW, WD, DD) related to EGFR gene in two groups of patients and control with using statistical test respectively represents the significant difference (p=1.320e-16) and (p=3.053e-13) in the different genotypes frequency among the patients and control groups.
Conclusion: The results of research indicate a significant relationship between EGFR gene mutations in exon 19 and exon 21 and potential for myoma in the studied population.
Ahmad Khaje Gandomani, Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi, Mohamad Saeed Heidarnejad, Mohsen Jafarian Dehkordi,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thiamine on the blood biochemical markers and kidney histopathological changes after experimental diabetes in mice was investigated.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 56 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7 each. Two groups of animals as controls (A) and thiamine (G) were considered. Other groups were diabetic by alloxan at a dose of 180 mg/kg. Group B mice were considered as diabetic group. To diabetic mice into Group C and D , ZnO NPs in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected. Groups E and F; to these groups of diabetic mice, ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg along with thiamin (30 mg/l) was injected. ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 was injected to group H mice. Changes in renal tissue along with some biochemical parameters were measured.
Results: The results showed that diabetes induced changes in some of the serum biochemical factors (GGT, BUN and creatinine) in rats (p<0.05). However, the administration of nanoparticles and thiamine reduced these negative effects. Exposure to diabetes causes changes in the kidney tissue of the mouse, in the disturbance of scaffolds for tissue integrity clutter, fragmentation of some convoluted tubules and congestion within the connective tissue.
Conclusion: Treatment of the diabetes mice by ZnO NPs and thiamine improves renal histopathologic structure and blood biochemistry levels.
Ali Asghar Ghafarizadeh, Gholamhassan Vaezi, Seyed Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh, Ali Akbar Malekirad,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (9-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In Asthenoteratozoospermic men, low motility, defected DNA and highly oxidative stress in sperm cause poor assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Vitamin E (Vit E), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm motility, viability and DNA integrity at different times of in vitro incubation (after 2, 4 and 6-h) to improve asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples for ART.
Materials and Methods: Asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples of 50 volunteers were collected and examined. Each sample was divided into two groups of control and vitamin E (2mM) and kept in the 37 °C and 6 % CO2 for 2, 4 and 6 hours. After this incubation, sperm motility, viability and sperm DNA fragmentation (SCD) were evaluated in each group. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement of ANOVA and T-test. The means were considered significantly different at p<0.05.
Results:Significant decrease in total and progressive motility and viability as well as significant increase in sperm DNA damage (after 6h of incubation) were found in control group vs. the control group before incubation (p<0.05). The sperm motility and viability was significantly higher in vitamin E group compared to untreated control group (p<0.05). Our results also showed that DNA fragmentation significantly was lower after 6h of vitamin E treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In vitro supplementation of vitamin E in asthenoteratozoospermia semen samples may protect spermatozoa from maltreatment effect of ROS during sperm sampling via keeping enzymatic and antioxidant process in optimum condition.
Seyyed Payam Shariatpanahi, Danial Habibi, Mohammad Rafiei, Yazdan Ghandi, Mehdi Anvari,
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Today, the high prevalence of diabetes and its complications are one of the most important public health issues worldwide. For this reason, finding relations between diabetes risk factors is very effective in preventing and reducing complications. For discovering these relations, the data mining methods can be used. By extracting association rules, which is one of the data mining techniques, we can discover the relations between a large numbers of variables in a disease.
Materials and Methods: The population of this study was 1046 patients with type 2 diabetes, whose data had recorded between 2011 and 2014 at the Special Clinic for Diabetes in Tehran's Imam Khomeini Hospital. After pre-processing step with SPSS19 software, 573 people entered the analysis phase. The FP-Growth algorithm was applied to the data set to discover the relations between heart attack and other risk factors using Rapid miner5 software. Relations, after extraction, were given to the doctor to confirm clinical validation.
Results: The obtained results of studying these 573 people (Including 292 (51%) women and 281 (49%) men, with age range 27 to 82 years) showed that the lack of blood pressure, creatinine and diastolic blood pressure at its normal level, despite higher systolic blood pressure level than normal, doesn't increase the probability of heart attack.
Conclusion: Using association rules is a good way of identifying relations between the risk factors of a disease. Also, it can provide new hypotheses to do epidemiological studies for researchers.
Saeed Mohamadi Molod, Ali Heidarian Pour, Elnaz Shokri,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of substructural exercises on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and attention function in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Statistical population of this research included all elementary male students who in the early reviews, the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were diagnosed and referred for further study and treatment to the core of counseling and psychology of education in Sardar district in academic year 2016-2017. From the above community, 30 boys aged 7 to 12 years old were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In order to recognize the attention deficit, the Conners' Parent's Questionnaire and clinical interview were used and to measure attention, Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and to measure the serum levels of BDNF, ESTOBIOPHARM kit were used. The experimental group subjects performed aerobic exercises with intensity 45-75% of maximal heart rate for 12 weeks in 36 sessions of training, 25-75 minutes, and data were analyzed using multivariate covariance.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups in serum levels of BDNF and continuous attention function (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, it can be concluded that endurance training increases the BDNF and thus improves attention in boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Naser Safdarian, Shadi Yousefian Dezfoulinejad,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (June & July 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the abnormal cell growth in the breast. In both benign and malignant masses, there is rapid and high cell growth. Nowadays, due to the development of technologies, the diagnosis of diseases has become non-invasive and physicians attempts to diagnose the disease without surgery and based on internal organ images.
Methods & Materials: In this study, by using images prepared from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM), a new method is proposed for detecting cancerous masses in the mammographic images using geometric features extraction and optimization of Support Vector Machine (SVM) parameters to classify breast cancer masses automatically. First, images were pre-processed and then boundaries were determined using threshold method. Next, morphological operators were used to improve these boundaries and the segmentation of images was carried out to classify cancerous masses. Finally, by using the SVM parameter optimization method, Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), and 4-fold crossvalidation method, data were classified into two groups of benign and malignant (cancer) masses.
Ethical Considerations Images from DDSM database were used in this research, all images are open access in this database.
Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values for applying the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel in SVM classifier (before optimization process) were obtained 97%, 100% and 96, respectively. After optimization of SVM parameters by the GOA, it was reported 100% for all accuracy, sensitivity and specificity indices for applying linear kernel function, indicating the high accuracy of the proposed method. The average values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity indices for applying all three SVM kernel functions after optimization were 95.83, 100 and 94.81%, respectively.
Conclusion: The extracted geometrical features from breast cancer masses are highly efficient for model training and the diagnosis of breast cancer. The GOA could improve the overall accuracy of the proposed method by optimizing the SVM parameters. The results showed the higher performance of the proposed method compared to other methods.
Said Ariapooran, Marzieh Amirimanesh,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (December & January - Special Issue on COVID-19 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nurses experience many psychological problems during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak, and compare these problems in nurses based on gender, educational level, marital status and department.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive study conducted on 312 nurses working in hospitals in Malayer, Iran. who were selected using census method. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Scale for Suicidal Ideation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the collected data in SPSS v. 24 software.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Malayer University (Code: IR.MALAYERU.REC.1399.002).
Results: It was reported that 15.38% of nurses had moderate-to-severe depression; 46.47% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, 27.56% had plans for suicide, and 9.94% had active suicidal desire. The results of MANCOVA showed that depression (P=0.009) and anxiety (P=0.001) in female nurses was significantly higher than in male nurses. Depression and suicidal ideation of nurses with bachelor’s degree were higher compared to nurses with master’s degree (P=0.01). Anxiety and suicidal ideation of single nurses were higher compared to married nurses (P=0.01). Nurses in the emergency department (P=0.03), ICU/CCU (P=0.04) were more anxious than the pre-hospital emergency nurses.
Conclusion: Prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran is high. Therefore, it is recommended to use psychological therapies to reduce their depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation during the outbreak.
Mohammad Ranjbarian, Korosh Etemad, Fatemeh Zarei, Rozita Farhadi, Jalaledin Sa´di,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (April & May 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is almost impossible to imagine life without electromagnetic waves. Such waves play a key role in the function of melatonin and create numerous diseases.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 230 kV substations in Golestan Province, Iran in 2016. In total, 44 workers of electrical substations (the case group) and 23 workers of healthcare centers (the control group) with 24-hour shift works were enrolled in this study.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences( Code: IR.SBMU.THNS.REC.1395.9).
Results: The obtained data suggested that 100% of the electric field intensity and the magnetic flux density measured at the substations were within the permissible range of occupational exposure. The mean level of melatonin in the case group was lower than that in the control group; however, no significant difference was observed in this regard (P=0.761). Additionally, there was no significant difference between melatonin level and age (P=0.381), work experience (P=0.213), job groups (P=0.515), and employee activity area (P=0.482).
Conclusion: According to this study, no significant relationship was observed between electromagnetic waves and melatonin levels. Moreover, electromagnetic waves were within the permissible exposure. Thus, electromagnetic waves did not affect the level of melatonin hormone in male employees of 230 kV substations in Golestan Province. However, there was a decrease in the case group, compared to the controls. Therefore, definite comments require further investigation.
Vahid Fekri Kourabbaslou, Ali Fakourian, Mohsen Heydarian, Seyed Masoud Kashfi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (December & January 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Resistance training with blood flow restriction can have the same effects as traditional resistance training. The current study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of selected resistance training with active and passive rest, with and without blood flow restriction, on young men’s C Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle endurance.
Methods & Materials: From the available and voluntary samples, 24 healthy young soldiers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force were divided into 3 groups of 8 subjects: traditional resistance training, resistance training with blood flow restriction, and passive rest and resistance training with blood flow restriction and active rest. Exercise programs were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 70-80% One-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional resistance group (3 sets of 10), 20-30% 1RM for the passive rest group (30-15-15-15), and 20 -30% 1RM was administered for the active rest group (30-7-15-7-15). Before and after six weeks, physiological and anthropometric characteristics, muscle endurance, and hormonal levels were measured, and ELISA measured blood samples. Data were analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests and paired t-test for comparison within groups.
Ethical Considerations: All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics committee of the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (Code: I.R.SSRC.REC.1398.129), Clinical Trial (Code: ID IRCT20191207045644N1) from the Iran Clinical Trial Registration Center and were conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: Results showed that 6 weeks of exercise had a significant effect on Muscle endurance (P=0.001) but on the levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.43) and Lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.44) had no significant difference.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that a combination of resistance training with restriction of blood flow and Interval training (active rest) can be a good alternative to traditional training and, in some cases, replace resistance training with occlusion and passive rest.
Nasrin Bathaeian, Ali Heidarian Pour, Mohammad Bathaeian, Leyla Vesali Akbar Pour,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (October & November 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: The beneficial effects of physical activity in the treatment of brain-motor disorders of people with autism have received more attention, although the effects of exercise on the evaluation of motor factors (physical fitness) and brain waves have been less studied.
Methods: Eleven children with autism spectrum disorder (7-12 years) took part in the study. After a thorough medical examination and psychiatric assessment, children participated in aquatic exercise program (twice-weekly) for 8 consecutive weeks. Pre & post intervention evaluated base on QEEG (power alpha & coherence), movement assessment (euro fit exam), then stoical analyze are performed (P<0.05). The present research has been registered with the ethics committee of the faculty of sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamadan under code IR.UMSHA.REC.1394.107.
Results: In this study, alpha wave absolute power but not coherence in frontal – occipital is significantly increased by8 consecutive weeks’ aquatic program (P<0.05). Physical Fitness assessment parameters (muscular strength/endurance, coordination, balance, flexibility) significantly improved and subside respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusions: These results indicate that aquatic exercise program may improve physical and mental disturbance in young children with autism spectrum disorder.
Mrs Elham Mohammadi, Dr Akram Bayati, Dr Sharare Khosravi, Dr Fakhredin Shariat Madari,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (June & July 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Seizure due to fever is the most prevalent neurological condition in children aged 6 to 60 months. A child's seizure can cause significant distress for parents, particularly the mother. Anxiety control and the well-being of the mother are crucial elements in managing child seizures.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 70 mothers with children experiencing febrile convulsions were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The division was done using an available sampling method. The mothers in the experimental group received an intervention based on Orem's self-care model, while the mothers in the control group received the usual care. Mothers' anxiety was assessed one day after the child's hospitalization and again three weeks later using the Spielberger questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's test, and analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 25.
Results: The study showed that after one day of hospitalization, the anxiety score of mothers in the test group was 101.68, compared to 106.25 in the control group. Three weeks later, the test group's anxiety score decreased to 68.97, while the control group's score was 96.34. Importantly, the decrease in the test group was statistically significant compared to the control group (P = 0.000).
Conclusions: Engaging in self-care activities results in a decrease in maternal anxiety. Hence, it is recommended to employ this approach when caring for children who are hospitalized.
Hadi Goudarzi, Ali Heidarianpour, Maryam Keshvari,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in industrialized societies. As an appetite inhibitory and energy balance regulator, nesfatin-1 plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related abnormalities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of 12 weeks of combined training (resistance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the serum levels of nesfatin-1 and some liver enzymes in men with NAFLD.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 middle-aged men with NAFLD were randomly divided into two exercise and control groups. The exercise program included 12 weeks of combined training, featuring two sessions per week of resistance training and one session of HIIT. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), nesfatin-1 peptide, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), lipid profile, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and body fat percentage at the beginning and after 12-weeks were evaluated. Independent and dependent t-tests were analyzed to assess intra-group and inter-group differences, and the significance level was
P < 0.05.
Results: 12 weeks of combined resistance training and HIIT increased nesfatin-1 and decreased liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP in the exercise group compared to the control group and the pre-training stage (P < 0.05). We also observed an increase in VO2 max and a decrease in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and LDL in the exercise group compared to before starting the training protocol (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that performing combined exercise training for twelve weeks led to an increase in nesfatin-1 peptide levels and a decrease in liver enzymes. It was suggested that this could be a cost-effective therapeutic approach recommended for patients with NAFLD.
Maryam Keshvari, Ali Heidarianpour, Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi,
Volume 27, Issue 5 (12-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers in the hippocampus represents a pivotal aspect of Alzheimer's research. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming endurance, resistance, and combined exercises on the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampus tissue thickness of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 large white Wistar laboratory rats (6 weeks old; Weight 180-200 g) were randomly and equally divided into five groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control, endurance, resistance, and combined. Alzheimer's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin chloride (8 mg/kg). Two weeks after the injection and confirmation of Alzheimer's induction, the training protocols of endurance (5-sessions/week, the first to the fourth week incrementally from 5-15-min to 45-min of swimming, the fifth to the twelfth week 60-min of swimming), resistance (5-sessions/week, The first week of familiarization with the exercise, week 2; 30%, week3-5; 70-90%, week6-8; 100-110%, week9-10; 120-130%, and week11-12; 140-150% of body weight), combined (2 resistance sessions/week and three endurance sessions/week) was performed for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours post-intervention, animals were dissected, and hippocampus tissue was harvested. Finally, the data were analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The thickness of the molecular and pyramidal layers of the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's animals decreased compared to healthy animals, and all three endurance, resistance, and combined exercise protocols increased layers (P < 0.001). However, the increase in the molecular and pyramidal layers thickness of the hippocampal tissue of combined group rats compared to the endurance and resistance group had a greater increase (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the changes in the thickness of the hippocampal tissue layers concerning Alzheimer's pathology and the effect of combined exercises on this parameter. While exercise may have positively affected hippocampal volume and synaptic plasticity, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of exercise on hippocampal layer thickness in Alzheimer's.
Atefeh Nobakht, Azita Salarian, Nader Khalesi,
Volume 27, Issue 5 (12-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: In a stressful work environment, individuals experience burnout; meanwhile, social support helps to reduce burnout. Therefore, the current research has investigated the effect of organizational climate on the burnout of employees of selected healthcare centers in Arak City, considering the moderating role of social support in 2023.
Methods: The current research is applied, exploratory, and developmental in terms of purpose. Random sampling and based on Cochran's formula from 134 healthcare workers working in the health center, the questionnaire was completed. Demographic information forms, Maslach's (1993) job burnout questionnaire, Halpin and Kraft's (1963) organizational climate questionnaire, and Zimmet's (1988) perceived social support questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of model structure reliability tests, Cronbach's alpha values, composite reliability values, and rho_a, which indicate the internal correlation of questions of a variable within the model, are higher than 0.7 and have acceptable structure reliability. All the values of the HTMT index were less than the permissible value of 0.9 and were at a satisfactorylevel. Consequently, this test also confirmed the divergent validity.
Results: The results with P > 0.001 and a 99% confidence level of the organizational atmosphere had an inverse effect on emotional burnout and depersonalization and directly impacted individual success. The perceived social support variable did not have a moderating role on the causal relationship of organizational climate with emotional burnout and depersonalization and its direction was reversed. However, it had a strengthening role in individual success and direct direction. In other words, people with more social support have more powerful personal success and vice versa.
Conclusions: Organizational climate is one of the variables of job burnout, and people with higher social support have less job burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that managers conduct in-service training focusing on the components of job burnout and perceived organizational climate. In addition, friendly relations should be established with employees to increase social support, and rewards and welfare measures should be granted.
Fateme Tahsinin, Ali Heidarianpour, Elnaz Shokri,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Being overweight is associated with increased cortisol secretion, along with heightened anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effect of six weeks of concurrent moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with HIIT training alone on body composition, plasma cortisol levels, and anxiety and depression levels in overweight male students.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 27 overweight students were selected and randomly divided into three groups 9: MICT+HIIT concurrent training, HIIT training, and a control group. The MICT )15 minutes of exercise per day at 60-65% of maximum heart rate with an additional 5 minutes every two weeks). The HIIT (3 minutes of running at 70-75% of maximum heart rate, followed by 3 minutes of active rest at 50% of maximum heart rate, with three repetitions in the first two weeks, four repetitions in the second two weeks, and five repetitions in the final two weeks).
Results: Both types of training protocols resulted in reductions in weight, body mass index, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cortisol levels, anxiety, depression, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of exercise in terms of effectiveness on these variables; however, only peak oxygen consumption and triglycerides were associated with better changes in the MICT+HIIT group.
Conclusions: For overweight male adolescents aiming for weight loss and improved mental health, HIIT alone is sufficient, and adding MICT does not provide additional clinical benefits.
Mohammad Parastesh, Zahra Yousefvand, Behzad Aria, Majid Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokh, Jamileh Ahmadi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy agent, offers therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment but often leads to adverse effects on neurogenesis and oxidative stress. On the other hand, physical activity has been proposed as a potential strategy to counteract these side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an endurance training period on oxidative stress markers in the brain tissue of rats induced with cisplatin.
Methods: In this study, 32 male rats with an average weight of 220 grams were divided into four groups: healthy control, cisplatin-injected control, endurance training, and cisplatin + endurance training. After 8 weeks of endurance training, the rats were dissected, and blood serum was separated to measure oxidant and antioxidant factors. Additionally, the brain was removed under sterile conditions for the examination of the desired markers. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: The results showed that cisplatin significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT in the cisplatin-receiving control group. On the other hand, 8 weeks of endurance training significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT. Moreover, no significant change was observed in serum SOD levels. In brain tissue, MDA levels significantly increased, and TAC, CAT, and SOD levels significantly decreased in the cisplatin-receiving group. Conversely, 8 weeks of endurance training reduced MDA levels and increased TAC, CAT, and SOD levels.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it appears that physical exercise has protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the brain, which may be attributed to its antioxidant capabilities
