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Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is a very common disease. According to some reports, up to 96% of people have some form of this disease. In this paper we compared the effect of an herbal drug composed of the urticadioica, chamomilla, thymus vulgaris, equisetum arvense and foeniculum vulgare with 2% Minoxidil solution in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.
Materials and Methods: We evaluated 82 patients suffering from androgenetic alopecia in a double blind prospective study. We counted terminal and vellous hair in 1 square centimeter of the predetermined area of scalp before and after treatment. After 6 months of treatment, the results were evaluated
Results: According to our findings, herbal drug and Minoxidil were effective in regrowthing the hair (45% vs. 35% respectively) and there were no meaningful differences between efficiacies of these two drugs
Conclusion: Herbal drug can be used as an adjunct or as an alternative to Minoxidil for treatment of the androgenetic alopecia.

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Introduction: The protein-energy malnutrition is the most prevalent cause of malnutrition and always occures in infants and children under 5 years old. According to the harmful effects of malnutrition, such as high mortality, inability of learning and decrease of mental and physical ability, reconnoite and study of malnutrition qualification is very important.
Material and Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on 811 children under 5 years old who were living in rural zone of Arak. Based on health files, clinical inspections and interview with mothers a checklist was fulfilled for every child. Data were analysed by EPI6 software
Results: In this study, none of the children had stricken with Kwashiorkor or Marasmic-Kwashiorkor. Undernourished were seen in 7.39% and Marasmus were also seen in 1.1% of subjects. The prevalence of malnutrition was 7.5% in Wellcome, 33.55% in Waterlow-Stunting, 23.05% in Waterlow-Wasting and 30.94% in Gomez classification. There was statistically correlation between malnutrition and respiratory infection rate, milstones, birthweight, maturity and begning of helpfood (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the results, the most rate of malnutrition in each classification was mild. It is suggested that increasing of familial awareness is an important factor for preventing from next damages and additional treatment costs.

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Introduction: Migraine is one of the widespread discases in the word, being 15-20 percent prevalent in women, and 6 percent in men. The attacks resulting from the migraine usually range from minor to major, and even may make the patient unable to work. Its dangerous and permanenet effects may also led to paralysis of different parts of the body. Therefore, it is necessary to do more investigations concerning diagnosis and drug treatments which can prevent the migraine attacks better.
Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial which lasted for six months. The patients have been studied through different ways including case history, checkup. electroencephalogram (EEG), computed tomography scanning, blood sampling, kidney and liver function and starting time of the treatment. Successful treatment responses to control migrainc attacks using the prophylactic drugs. Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepression drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline were studied.
Results: Of 126 patients studied (31.8% were men and 68.2% women), 65.1% had normal EEG and 34.9% had abnormal EEG. The patients using Valproate Sodium with normal and abnormal EEG had successful treatment responses equal to 35% and 95.6%, respectively. Additionally, other patients using Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline with normal and abnormal EEGs had successful treatment responses equal to 61.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Statistically, the results were significantly different. However, there were not significant differences between interactive effects of the drugs in sexes, and sexes in EEG types. The most prevalent side effects due to Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortiptyline were vertigo and exhaustation, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the best treatment to prevent migraine attacks was using Valproate Sodium tablets in patients with abnormal EEGs, and using Propranolol tablets along with Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline for those who had normal EEG.

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Introduction: Coffee is a diuretic plant, cause vascular expansion and reduce free radical oxygen. There is evidence that show its effects on kidney. Low dose of coffee reduces blood urea and cratinine but its overdose may lead to glomeruloschelrosis. In this study, the effect of high dose of coffee on rat kidney was evaluated by stereological method.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 48 Sprgue-Dawley rats 230-250 gr were selected and divided randomly into 4 groups. The control group was fed with only tap water and the experimental groups were fed with different doses of aqueous extracts of coffee (0.25, 0.5, 0.125 gr/kg) twice daily. After 48 hours, the animals were deeply anesthetized and right kidneys were removed. The Sum slides were prepared and stained with Hematoxyline. Eosin. From each kidney, 15-17 glomeruli were selected and means of glumerular volume were estimated, according to Cavalieri principle and point counting methods.
Results: Our findings revealed that low dose of coffee extraction were led to increase in glomerular volume, but higher doses decreased these volumes. These results were significantly different form control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that decrease in glomerular volume leads glomeruloschlorosis and reduction of glomerular filtration rate. However, there should be more investigation such as urea and cratinine measurement to calrify the exact mechanisms.

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Introduction: In developing countries there are various researchable health subjects. However due to low budjet of research programmes in these countries, priority setting of research designs have a special importance.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire consisting of 100 questions was designed. 363 health personl and 302 non-health specialists participated in this study. Questionnaire was coded and analysed by EPI 6 software.
Results: Our results demonstrated that all of the cities of Markazi province had a similar problems, but the amount of people contributions in health activities has altered their health awareness. Furthermore, health problems in view of people and specialists is different. People stated health problems as a global difficulties while specialists had a detailed viewpoints.
Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary to guide practical researches based on determined health priorities.

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Introduction: Production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species is an integral part of aerobic metabolism. Disturbance of the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant system against them produces oxidative stress. Paraquat toxicity is induction of oxidative stress. However, the aim of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress in blood samples of workers in a pesticide factory formulating paraquat.
Materials and Methods: In this study we measured lipid peroxidation (LPO) with thiobarbituric assay (TBARS), total antioxident power (FRAP) and SH groups between workers in pesticide factories (case group) and health subjects (control group).
Results: Oxidative stress was significantly higher (p<0.001) in LPO, significantly lower (p<0.001) in TBARS and significantly lower (p<0.001) in SH groups in the case group compared to control group
Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic exposure of workers in their workplace to paraquat producess oxidative stress that could be prevented by well known nutritional antioxidant supplements.

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Introduction: Considering the importance of hydatid cyst and its pathophysiological effects on the human body, we attempt to propose a method for killing of hydatid cyst protoscoleces in vitro condition using low voltage direct electrical current.
Materials and Methods: After collecting hydatid cyst from infected organs of slaughtered animals, their protoscoleces were cultured in four separated media of hydatid consisting of uid, RPMI, normal saline and Tris buffer. The protoscoleces with the same media were transferred to an electrolysis device, and then various sets of electric current density were applied. For measuring the survival rate of protoscolcces, the same cells movement as well as Eosin staining were used as standard techniques.
Results: Our findings indicated that the survival rate of protoscoleces in hydatid fluid was dependent on the electric current density and the time of the applied current. In this regard, the highest survival rate of 86.3% was observed when electric current density of 42.96 mA/cm2 was applied for one minute; while the survival rate of 0% was observed when an electric current density of 63.5 mA/cm2 was applied for one minute. In the RPMI, normal saline and Tris buffer media, similar results were obtained.
Conclusion: Low voltage of direct current can be used in destroying of protoscoleces during surgery on different body organs without any injury to host tissue and any relapse of the infection.

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Introduction: Children play an important role in the future of every country. In under developed countries like Iran, because of cultural and economic poverty, most children have malnutrition which will be result in physical and psychological growth disorders. In as much as zinc is one of the most important and essential elements in metabolism of different substances and human growth, this study was conducted to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on percentile weight of children with growth disorders.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of zinc sulfate syrup on increasing the weight and percentile weight of children, a double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 70 children aging 9 to 36 months. The subjects lacked any associated disease-by laboratory testing. Thirty-five children consume zinc sulfate syrup 0.6% for three months (case group) and other consume daily placebo for the same time and dose (control group). The increase of weight percentile of children were measured in three times with the interval of one month.
Results: Our findings showed that during three months, the average amount of increasing in weight percentile was 4.5% and 3.7%, respectively. T test showed that the comparison of increasing in weight percentile between two groups was not significant
Conclusion: This investigation revealed that zinc supplementation had not any remarkable effects on increasing of weight and weight percentile of children with growth disorders.

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Introduction: Previous studies indicated that children, who acquired conversation concept, produce adjectives better than other mental retarded.
Other studies showed that Down syndrome children have lower linguistic abilities than other mental retarded children. The main goal of this research was to study the effects of Down syndrome on production of semantic skills.
Materials and' Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on girls who studied in exceptional primary schools of Semnan city.
Samples were chosen systenlaticaly. At first, 38 Down syndrome girls, who were monolingual and with no sign of sensory and motor deficits, were selected.
Then, 37 mental retarded girls (non-Down syndrome), that mental retardation had no specific ethiology, were matched on date of birth, educational level, failuer in previous classes, parent's job and education. These 75 pupils participated in operative tests and those who were able to comprehend the concept of conversation were examined by Raven Colourd Progressive Matrices. At final stage, 30 educable girls were participated in production test.
Results: Our findings showed that:
1. The production of nominal and superlative adjectives were equivalent between two groups, but Down syndromes had lower ability in production of comparatives;
2. The simplisity of adjectives were as fallow: nominal> comparative> superlative, and big-small> tall-short> thick-thief> wide-narrow.
3. There were few samples able to produce superlatives.
Conclusion: This investigation revealed that girls suffering from Down syndrome have lower ability on production of semantic skills.

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Introduction: At present, bone graft is unavoidable. In fact although among the all probable bone grafts, the autograft is the best choice, but because of some situations like two coincidence surgery upon one individual, size limitation of autografts (its impossible to get a big piece of graft from patient) increasing the bloodshed contingency, infection etc, made specialist to think about the possible substitution the allograft.
Materials and Methods: Seventeen Newzealandian rabbits were divided into four groups. The graft generator group consisted of one rabbit which was genetically different from other groups. The sham group composed of three rabbits which round autografts about 4 mm in diameter from their tibia were exchanged between rights and left tibias. These grafts were not deantigenized and a 4 mm vacant hole was created to see if it will repair spontaneously within three months. The control group consisted of three rabbits received a round 4 mm tibial autografts which double deantigenization process were done over them. The test group composed of 10 rabbits, received corticocancellous (intramembranous) allografts in left tibia and corticocancellous (endocondral). Allograft in right tibia all grafts were bearing the double deantigenization process.
Results: The rate of prosperity for CCl grafts was 80% and for CCE grafts was 60%.In sham group, healing process was extremely fast (in eight weeks).
In control group, healing process was done slower until six weeks but after 12 weeks it was compensated. The vacant holes were not repaired even after three months. Statistically, there was a meaningless difference between the rates of prosperity in both groups of grafts.
Conclusion: According to statistical assays, although the prosperous numbers of CCl were more than CCE grafts but this difference was meaningless. In the basis of histological assessments if the velocity of healing process is important, the CCI grafts are recommended

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Introduction: Reconstruction of defects in heel and malleoli with exposed bone has always been a challenge. Heel is a weight bearing region which needs sensation. Distally-based sural island flap is one of the options available for these kinds of defects. Here, in this study we have paid special attention to how these flaps become sensate.
Materials and Methods: This case-series study carried out on 14 patients who reffered to 15 Khordad Hospital, Tehran, from 2000 to 2003 and their defects had been covered with distally based sural island flap. Appearance of pain, temperature, light touch and two - point discrimination evaluated in flap region and compared with the contralateral site.
Results: From 14 patients with this flap; 11 subjects (9 males and 2 females) entered into the study. Seven subjects had been injured during motorcycle accident. In 10 patients (91%), two-point discrimination in flap region was.13.2 mm, which was the same as the other side.
Conclusion: Covering the defects in heel, malleoli and distal third of leg with sural island flap is technically easy and with minimal donor site morbidity. Major vessels in the lower extremities are spared and this flap can be used in weight bearing areas with relatively good sensation.

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Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are among the prevalent complaints in pregnancy, but there is a controversy about their treatments. At present, because of the problems caused by these complaints for mothers and incompatibility with drug treatments physicians prefer to use non-drug interventions such as acupressure. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of acuptessure in treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This was a randomised clinical trial study. 120 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting complaints that submitted in prenatal clinics and referred to Alavi pain clinic in Arak were investingated.
After filling out of questionnaires, the participants were alternatively divided into case and control groups. In case and groups, wrist band (for 90 minutes) was fastened in appropriate and non-appropriate sites, respectively. The subjects were followed up at 24 hours in 3 times visit and their responses to treatment were evaluated.
Results: The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the case group was significantly lower than control group. The rate of improvement of patient symptoms in the case group was six times higher than control group. No serious side-effect was observed in studied population.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that acupressure is a safe and appropriate method used for treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

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Introduction: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that caused by destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Etiology of this disease is still unknown. It is seen that genetic and environmental factors play an important role for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes. The relationship between HLA associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Also, some studies show that dermatoglyphics is associated with type 1 diabetes. However, it is maybe there is an association between HLA and dermatoglyphics inpatients'with type 1 diabetes and these characteristics could be applied for diagnosis of disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA (with using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method) and dermatoglyphics determined in 30 Iranian patients with IDDM and 30 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and the same geographical area.
Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DQ, A2, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. The results obtain from dermatoglyphics showed that line ab was reduced in male and female type 1 diabetes. The reciever operating chractristics curve showed that the positive point for lines ab in right and left hands were 34.7 and 35.25, respectively.
Discussion: There is no association between HLA and dermatoglyphics.
With considering of genes encoding of HLA separated from genes determining dermatoglyphics, HLA typing and dermatoglyphics seem to be interesting tools for genetic studies related to type 1 diabetes. Further studies are recommended in order to provide more insight into the susceptibility to this disorder.

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Introduction: Many patients because of ischemic heart diseases, cerbral or pulmonary diseases are not appropriate candidates for general anesthesia in upper limb surgeries. Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is one of the anesthetic procedures for these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of adding Pancronium and Fentanly to Lidocaine during IVRA.
Materials and Methods: In a single-blind clinical trial investigation, 46 patients-who were candidated for hand surgeries-were studied. The subjects were randomly classified into two groups. The first group who used 38 cc Lidocaine 0.5% and 2 cc sterile water (control group) and the second group who used 38 cc Lidocaine 0.5% besides 50  mgr Fentanyl and 0.5 mgr Pancronium (trial group) for sensory and motor blacking. Data analysis was performed by t-test through SPPS 10 software.
Results: The average time for storing of sensory and motor block in trial group was significantly faster than control group. Additionaly, the average time for starting of sensory and motor block in control group was significantly lower than trial group.
Conclusion: This study revealed that adding of Fentanyl and Pancronium causes better motor and sensory block and provide better relaxation for muscles during surgery.

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Introduction: Pain is one of the main complaints of many postoperative patients. Narcotic and NSAID drugs are used to control postoperative pain.
Recent studies suggest different results of pain relief by NSAID group. We compared analgesic effects of intramucular Pethedine to Didofenac Sodium and Indomethacin suppositories due to inguinal hernioplasty.
Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial study over 55 patients of 17-60 years old who underWent unilateral inguinal hernioplasty.
These patients divided into 3 groups. The first group included 17 patients who received 100 mg Indomethacin suppository every 8 hours to relief postoperative pain. The second group of 18 patients who received 100 mg Diclofenac Sodium suppository every 8 hours and the third group induded 20 patients who received 0.5 mg/kg body weight Pethedine intramuscularly every 8 hours. The first dose of each drug started 2 hours after termination of operation. Tue sevrity of pain was checked by visual analogue scale method every 2 hours for 24 hours. Mean pain severity recoded and compared in 6 hours intervals.
Results: The averages of pain severity in the first 24 hours were 23±12 for Indomethacin, 31±9 for Pthedine and 27±12 hours for Diclofenac Sodium groups. There was no significant difference in whole 24 hours.
Conclusion: We concluded that Indomethacin and Diclofenac Sodium suppositories are good substitutes for intramuscular Pethedine to relief postoperation pain during the first postoperation day.

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Introduction: POEMS is a rare systemic disease. This syndrome is usually associated with multiple mylom and skin changes. By now, it has been reported two cases of this disease in Iran.
Case: The patient was a 53 years old male who had history of hospitalization for recurrent pulmonary infections. Additionally, he had history of hyperthyroidism and idoide treatment. In the last presentation, he was hospitalized because of low back pain. Bone marrow aspiration findings showed that the cause of low back pain is multiple mylom. In abdominal computed tomagraphy, splenomegaly was cleared that all of these systemic findings are representatives of multiple mylom and POEMS syndrome.
Conclusion: In this study a POEMS syndrome patient that suffering from hyperthyroidism was introduced.

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