Yasaman Noroozi, Parisa Janjani,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation.
Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University.
Results: The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant.
Conclusions: Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls.
Dr Fereshteh Amouzadeh, Dr Alireza Bahrami, Dr Mehdi Rahimzadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is very common in athletes. This study aims to investigate the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation of alternating current on response inhibition and selective attention in athletes with ADHD.
Materials and methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population was 160 elite athletes with ADHD aged 9 to 11 years (60 girls and 100 boys). Of these, 120 athletes with ADHD were randomly selected and assigned to three groups of 40: control, sham, and tACS. First, a pretest was done, and then all subjects in the sham and experimental groups received F3(Anodal) and F4(Cathodic) fake and real stimulations, respectively, with a current of 1 mA (10 Hz) for 15 minutes in 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention, then each group was re-examined. A follow-up test was done after two weeks. The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop were used in this study. For data analysis, Mixed Anova, one-way ANOVA, and Benferroni's post hoc test were used with using Spss version 21 statistical software (p≤0.05).
Ethical considerations: This study is approved sport sciences Reserch Institute with ethical registration code IR.SSRI.REC.1401.1361.Parents gave written informed consent form.
Results: The results showed that tACS was effective in the response inhibition and selective attention of athletes with ADHD and led to the improvement of response inhibition and selective attention of these subjects.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the tACS protocol of 1 mA can be used as an effective treatment to improve inhibition and selective attention of athletes with ADHD.
Mohammad Amin Abdolahpur, Fateh Rahmani, Omid Isanejad,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: stress is an important criterion affecting personality on a general and minor level.
Aim: The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of stress in two diagnostic criteria of personality disorder, personality functioning (criterion A) and pathological personality traits (criterion B).
Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was students studying at the University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2020-2021. By the available sampling method, 313 (50.08% of women) completed online PID-5, LPFS and PSS-14 questionnaires. Data were analyzed by structural equation modelling and using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS.
Results: The result of the direct path shows the mediating role of stress on personality detachment (0.85) and antagonism (0.88) traits. However, psychoticism, negative affectivity and disinhibition traits do not play a mediating role. In general, there was a positive relationship between stress and personality functioning (0.45) and personality traits (0.27).
Conclusion: The undeniable impact of stress on both personality functioning and personality traits is apparent. Broadly speaking, stress influences the alternative model of personality disorders, encompassing criteria A and B.
Keywords: Stress, Personality traits, Level of personality functioning, AMPD, ICD-11
Ph.d Bahram Mirzaeian, Miss Fatemeh Talebi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: Today, infertility is a major concern for public health and one of the most important crises in life, which leads to many psychological problems. Since cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes empowering and educating the patient to solve problems, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital self-regulation and uncertainty intolerance in infertile women.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 infertile women referring to the infertility center of Sari city in two groups of case and control (15 patients in each group). Cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, once a week for the experimental group, while the control group received the routine treatment. After the follow-up period, the control group also underwent psychotherapy. Both groups completed the questionnaires of marital self-regulation by Wilson et al. (2005) and uncertainty intolerance by Friston et al. (1994) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up (45 days after the post-test) and were compared.
Finding: The results showed that in the two subscales of marital self-regulation in the experimental group, the average scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up respectively for the subscale of communication self-regulation (24.266 ± 6.273), (41.000 ± 3.207) and (35.266 ± 3.899) there was a significant increase in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage(P<0.05). And the sub-scale of communication effort(19.333 ± 5.094), (8.666 ± 1.914) and (12.000 ± 2.449), and intolerance of uncertainty 92.600 ± 9.302), (67.400 ± 7.585) and (75.200 ± 10.975), had a significant decrease in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective intervention in improving marital self-regulation and reducing intolerance of uncertainty in infertile women.
Dr Zahra Ghanbari,
Volume 26, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of family therapy based on family consolidation on marital conflicts and sexual satisfaction of couples applying for divorce.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all couples applying for divorce who referred to counseling centers in Kerman city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as available and were replaced in two experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups randomly and by lottery method. Family therapy intervention based on family consolidation was conducted in 8 sessions twice a week for 90 minutes and after 3 months of follow-up. In order to collect data, Barati and Sanai's Marital Conflict Questionnaire and Larson's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used with SPSS version 24 software.
Results: The results showed that family therapy based on family consolidation had an effect on reducing marital conflicts (P < 0.001, F = 37.24) and increasing sexual satisfaction (P < 0.001, F = 126.34) of couples applying for divorce (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: According to the results of this research, it is recommended to use family therapy based on family consolidation in reducing marital conflicts and increasing sexual satisfaction of couples applying for divorce.
Fatemeh Khalili Alashti, Shahrbanoo Dehrouyeh, Naqmeh Tavakoli,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of problem solving training on life orientation, positive and negative emotions, and learned helplessness in incompatible couples in Qaemshahr city.
Materials and Methods: The method of the present research was an experiment and a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Qaemshahr city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Then, the subjects of the experimental group received problem solving training during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect data from life orientation questionnaires (Shier and Carver, 1994), positive and negative affect (Watson et al., 1988) and learned helplessness (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) in two stages before and after training in both groups (experiment and control) were used.
Results: The findings from the analysis of covariance test showed that problem solving training improved optimism in life orientation, increased positive emotion, and reduced learned helplessness in the tested group (p=0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, in the field of therapy and counseling of incompatible couples, training in problem solving for the compatibility of couples and solving their conflicts; It looks very efficient and promising.
Yasaman Kasiri, Dr Ghodratollah Abbasi, Dr Bahram Mirzayian,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: A woman due to menstruation, pregnancy and poor iron intake and absorption it is prone to iron deficiency anemia and its effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of process-based treatment on anxiety in women suffering from iron deficiency anemia and generalized anxiety disorder.
Methods: It was performed by utilizing a single-case experimental design. In doing this, six female participants suffering from iron deficiency anemia were selected through purposive sampling and placed under the individual process-based therapy during nine 60-minute sessions. In the pre-treatment stage, the participants responded to Newman, Zueling, Kachin and Constantino's fourth version of the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire and underwent clinical interviews. They also completed the Beck's depression inventory in the baseline stages and third, sixth and ninth sessions of the intervention and finally at the 3-month follow up stages. The data were analyzed by the method of visual analysis, stable change index and recovery percentage formula, and the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using the Ingram criteria.
Results: The results showed that the percentage of overall recovery in depression for the first to sixth participants in the intervention stage was 49/26، 50/54، 59/27, 76/20، 54/41 و 57/83 and in the follow-up stages was 70/10، 64/70، 75/93، 78/61، 77/57 و 84/93; respectively. Also, the percentage of overall recovery in the intervention and follow-up stages was 57/90 and 75/30; respectively indicating to a success in therapy.
Conclusions: Process-based therapy reduces depression of the research participants and it is suggested to be used as a method of treatment and complementary to medical treatment to remedy comorbid mental disorders and improve the general performance of people with anemia.
Mahnaz Shokri, Nabiollah Akbar Nataj Shub, Jamal Sadeghi, Arsalan Khanmoham Otaghsara,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Several factors influence students' behaviors and develop motivation. Meanwhile, cognitive factors such as psychological capital play a more prominent role than others, and it is crucial to understand the factors that affect them. The current research purpose was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention and cognitive-behavioral game therapy on the psychological capital of female first-secondary school students in Amol City.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the female students of the first secondary school of the seventh grade of the public schools of Amol City in the academic year of 2023. Among them, 45 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (30 individuals in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The people attending the first experimental group received mindfulness intervention (8 sessions) and two sessions per week for 60 minutes, and the second experimental group received cognitive-behavioral game therapy intervention (10 sessions) and two sessions per week for 30 minutes. The questionnaire used in this research included psychological capital. The study data was analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) method.
Results: The findings showed that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral game therapy affected the psychological capital of female students of the first secondary school in Amol City (P < 0.01). Also, mindfulness training on psychological capital was more effective than cognitive-behavioral game therapy (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Although both methods of mindfulness training and play therapy improved students' psychological capital, the approach and method used in each are different. Mindfulness training focuses more on awareness and the presence of the mind in the present moment. At the same time, play therapy focuses more on strengthening psychological skills and abilities through interactive activities and games, which can better capitalize on increased psychological.
Seyedeh Midya Khosravi, Morteza Azizi, Hajar Aghaei, Hajar Aghaei,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Postpartum depression is a type of mood disorder that can affect pregnant women who have given birth and is affected by various factors, so the present study aims to predict postpartum depression based on marital satisfaction, satisfied body, and dysfunctional beliefs in women of Bukan City.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The population consisted of all women with pregnancy in the last month in the first half of 2022 in the city of Bukan in the number of 2980 according to Morgan's table and with informed written consent, 340 pregnant women referring to Shahid Qolipur Hospital in Bukan were selected by available sampling method and filled in the questionnaire. Beck-2 depression, Edinburgh postpartum depression, Enrich's marital satisfaction, Body image satisfaction, and Weisman and Beck's dysfunctional beliefs responded. The analysis was done using a stepwise regression method.
Results: Marital satisfaction, physical satisfaction, and dysfunctional beliefs have a significant ability to predict postpartum depression at P < 0.01 level. This effect is inverse in marital and physical satisfaction and positive in dysfunctional beliefs. Also, marital satisfaction, with an effect size of 0.324, physical satisfaction, with an effect size of 0.497, and ineffective beliefs, with an effect size of 0.652, explain the postpartum depression variable. Also, the prevalence of postpartum depression among women in Bukan City is 30.6%, which is higher than the average of the articles recorded in this field.
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, Marital satisfaction, physical satisfaction inversely, and dysfunctional beliefs directly and positively predict postpartum depression in pregnant women.
Zahra Ghanbari Zarandi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer causes psychological problems and decreases psychological health in people, therapeutic interventions are needed to solve these problems. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group meaning therapy intervention on the quality of life, emotional regulation, and life expectancy of women with breast cancer.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer referring to the health centers of Kerman city in 2023. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (15 individuals in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The people in the experimental group received group-meaning therapy intervention (10 sessions) and two sessions weekly for 90 minutes. The questionnaires used in this research included quality of life, emotion regulation, and life expectancy questionnaires administered in two phases: pre-test and post-test.
Results: The results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the average scores of the quality of life, emotion regulation, and life expectancy of the intervention and control groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the intervention and control groups after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life in the post-test was 6.91 ± 29.75, emotion regulation was 10.25 ± 98.28, and life expectancy was 6.49 ± 39.51 (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: According to the results of this research, group therapy increased the quality of life, emotion regulation, and life expectancy in women with cancer. Since the favorable mental state of the patient affects their recovery, the use of this method is recommended as an effective strategy to reduce the psychological problems of patients.
Marzieh Ganjavi, Alireza Manzari Tavakoli, Zahra Zeinaddiny Meimand,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Delinquency is a serious challenge for teenagers and has significant negative social effects. The main goal of this research was to find out the structural equation modeling of extraversion and delinquent behavior disorder: the mediating role of moral intelligence among the juveniles of Kerman Correctional Center.
Methods: This was a descriptive correlational research of structural equation model type. The statistical population of this research was made up of 80 juveniles of Kerman Correctional Center, who were selected and studied by simple random sampling using Morgan's table. To collect information, Hans Eysenck's (1963) Personality Type Questionnaire, Goodman's Conduct Disorder Questionnaire (1997), Aiti Juvenile Delinquency Questionnaire (2013) and Link and Keel's Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (2005) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling) were used for data analysis through SPSS-28 and Smart PLS-3 software.
Results: The results of this research showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between extraversion and juvenile delinquency. There is a significant direct and positive relationship between conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. There is a direct and positive relationship between extroversion and moral intelligence of teenagers. There is a significant direct and negative relationship between conduct disorder and moral intelligence of adolescents. There is a direct negative relationship between moral intelligence and delinquency. There was no relationship between extraversion and juvenile delinquency as a mediator of moral intelligence. There was no relationship between conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency with the mediating role of moral intelligence.
Conclusions: According to the results, it can be acknowledged that moral intelligence is an effective component of delinquency affected by extroversion and behavior disorder in teenagers. Therefore, education and training programs should be implemented to strengthen moral intelligence in schools and families, because these programs can strengthen moral skills and moral decision-making power in teenagers and help reduce behavioral disorders and, as a result, delinquency.
Haniyeh Mozafari, Farah Lotfi Kashani, Shahram Vaziri, Mohammad Ismail Akbari,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to analyze the focal relationship of the contribution of mental adaptation to cancer, health literacy, and perceived threat in predicting the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the present study included all women with breast cancer under treatment at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital Cancer Treatment Center in 2023, and 310 people were determined to participate in the research using G*Power software and the available sampling method. They responded to Williams, Templin, and Hines's breast cancer literacy questionnaires, Champion's perceived threat questionnaire, Watson's mental adaptation to cancer and early diagnosis questionnaire. The data were also analyzed using a focal correlation test and multiple regression.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the contribution variables of mental adaptation, perceived threat, and health literacy with the components of early cancer diagnosis (knowledge, attitude, and actions) (P ≤ 0.01). Also, the results showed that health literacy was 4.8%, mental compatibility was 3.4 percent and perceived threat 18.7% alone predicted the variance of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The perceived threat share is 38.9%, higher than all other variables.
Conclusions: Based on the statistical results, it can be said that increasing mental adaptability, perceived threat, and health literacy play a role in early disease diagnosis, and the importance of perceived threat is more significant than mental adaptability and health literacy, which should be considered.
Seyed Sadegh Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Yamaghani,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning has impacted all fields of study. Utilizing these methods for identifying individuals' emotions through integrating audio, text, and image data has shown higher accuracy than conventional methods, presenting various applications for psychologists and human-machine interaction. Identifying human emotions and individuals' reactions is crucial in psychology and psychotherapy. Emotional identification has traditionally been conducted individually and by analyzing facial expressions, speech patterns, or handwritten responses to stimuli and events. However, depending on the subject's conditions or the analyst's circumstances, this approach may lack the required accuracy. This paper aimed to achieve high-precision emotional recognition from audio, text, and image data using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods.
Methods: This research employs a correlation-based approach between emotions and input data, utilizing machine learning methods and regression analysis to predict a criterion variable based on multiple predictor variables (the emotional category as the criterion variable and the features, audio, image, and text variables as predictors). The statistical population of this study is the IEMOCAP dataset, and the data type of this research is a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach.
Results: The results indicated that combining audio, image, and text data for multi-modal emotional recognition significantly outperformed the recognition of emotions from each data alone, exhibiting a precision of 82.9% in the baseline dataset.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate a considerably acceptable precision in identifying human emotions through audio integration, text, and image data compared to individual data when using machine learning and artificial intelligence methods.
Ahmad Ansarifar, Isaac Rahimian-Boogar, Siavash Talepasand,
Volume 27, Issue 6 (1-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Sociodemographic factors and perceived anxiety have a significant impact on the development of somatic symptom disorder. This study aimed to investigate the role of demographic characteristics, social isolation, and perceived anxiety in predicting somatic symptom disorder.
Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study among adults aged 18 to 60 in Tehran in 2023, 437 participants were selected based on convenience sampling. The participants completed the Somatic Symptom Disorder Questionnaire (SSEQ), Social Isolation Questionnaire, and Perceived Anxiety Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results indicated that social isolation and perceived anxiety have a positive and significant correlation with somatic symptoms disorder (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status) and somatic symptoms (P <0.01). Multiple correlation and regression coefficients among research variables were statistically significant (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: The examined model was almost able to predict 22% of the somatic symptoms of the disorder. The results have implications for formulating interventions based on social isolation and perceived anxiety in controlling somatic symptoms. It is essential to pay attention to social isolation and perceived anxiety in the formulation and implementation of interventions and educational programs for the prevention and improvement of somatic symptom disorder.