Showing 117 results for Mic
Majid Amiri Motlagh, Mohammad Ali Atlasi, Zeinab Vahidinia, Sayyed Alireza Talaei, Zeinab Rezazadeh Lavaf, Abolfazl Azami Tameh,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Glutamate is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and plays major role in the pathogenesis of ischemia brain injury.Glutamate transporters have a major role in glutamate removal and maintain its concentration below excitotoxic levels. Although estrogen’s and progesterone’s neuroprotective effects were well-described, the exact molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. This study has investigated estrogen and progesterone effect on glutamate transporters expression in the ischemic penumbra/peri-infarct region in rat.
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 h. Estrogen and progesterone combination was immediately injected after tMCAO subcutaneously. Sensorimotor functional tests for evaluating behavioral deficits and TTC staining for measurement of infarct volume were performed 24 h after MCAO. Real-time PCR technique was used for gene expression analysis of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3.
Results: The combination of estrogen and progesterone could significantly reduce lesion volume. Also, hormone therapy could improve ischemic neurological disorders. After hormone therapy, gene expression of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 did not show significant changes.
Conclusion: Combined estrogen–progesterone treatment significantly reduces neurological deficits and infarct volume; these effects are independent of the glutamate transporters signaling pathways.
Saeedeh Balabandi, Zeinab Khazaei -Koohpar, Najmeh Ranji,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in human causes candidiasis. The widespread use of azoles has led to the increase of azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates. Mutation in the ERG11 gene is one of several azole resistance reasons in Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to find ERG11 gene mutations in fluconazole resistant isolates in Rasht.
Materials and methods: Candida albicans isolates were identified by standard identification methods such as germ tubes. The fluconazole resistance and susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by Disc diffusion and MIC methods. For mutation determining, ERG11 gene was amplified by PCR and then sequenced in clinical isolates.
Results: From 23 isolates of Candida albicans, 20 isolates were fluconazole resistant. The MIC of fluconazole in these isolates was determined between 128 to 2048µg/ml. Also, sequencing analysis showed that 10 fluconazole resistant isolates had two missense mutations (D116E and E266D) in ERG11 gene.
Conclusion: In this study, resistance to high concentration of fluconazole shows that different mechanisms simultaneously implicated in developing azoles resistance in the isolates. Association of ERG11 gene mutation and deregulation of other genes can be led to resistance to high fluconazole concentration in this study.
Mahsa Rostamian Delavar, Masoud Baghi, Elahe Yadegari, Kamran Ghaedi ,
Volume 20, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Oxidative Stress and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to apoptotic death of neurons play key role in the pathogenesis of the Parkinson's disease. On the other hand، misregulation of microRNAs can cause several neurodegenerative diseases. Sirt1 and Bcl2 as two key genes, regulate pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative diseases such as mitochondrial dyfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the role of microRNAs in model of Parkinson's disease, miRWalk 2.0 and TargetScan (v7) databases were served to predict microRNA-target interactions.
Results: Possible targeting effects of different microRNAs on Bcl2 and Sirt1 genes in Rat organism were analyzed. Merging data from databases has shown that rno-miR-449a, rno-miR-182, rno-miR-211, rno-miR-34b, rno-miR-34c, rno-miR-448, rno-miR-466b and rno-miR-96 with strong possibility can inhibit expression of Bcl2 gene. Also, rno-miR-181, rno-miR-211, rno-miR-27a, rno-miR-449a, rno-miR-34c, rno-miR-30, rno-miR-200a and rno-miR-448can inhibit Sirt1 gene with high possibility.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be predicted that regarding to high interaction scores of rno-miR-211, rno-miR-34c and rno-miR-448 and 449awith Bcl2 and Sirt1 genes in above-mentioned databases, these microRNAs probably can have critical role in disease process. Thus, these microRNAs can be introduced as appropriate candidates for investigations in in vitro model of Parkinson's disease.
Rahmatollah Parandin, Namdar Yousofvand,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that developmental exposure to phytoestrogens causes adverse effects on the reproductive functions. Fennel as a phytoestrogen plant has a rich history in household use and traditional medicine.So, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of in utero and neonatal exposure with fennel on the puberty onset, estrus cycle, reproductive organs and sexual behavior of their offspring.
Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 (mg/kg bw) aqueous fennel seed extract (AFSE), daily from day 7 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 7.
Results: Vaginal opening (sign of puberty onset) was advanced in 200 (p<0.01) and 400 AFSE (p<0.001) treated females. A 30 days vaginal smear check indicated that 200 or 400 AFSE treated mice showed a prolonged estrus with decreased proestrus, estrus and metestrus stages and increased and diestrus stage and index. The ovary weight, number of corpora lutea and LH concentration decreased and uterus weight and estradiol concentration increased in the 200 or 400 treated mice in PND 70. 400 AFSE (p<0.01) treated females showed lordosis with a low lordosis quotient (LQ) when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: These results suggest that developmental exposure to AFSE, due to its estrogenic compounds, it may cause the precocious puberty, disrupted estrus cycle, altered weight of reproductive organs, hormonal imbalance and low lordosis behavior.
Bozorgmehr Imani Pirsaraei, Najmeh Ranji, Leila Asadpour,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium that is a major cause of nosocomial infections such as severe burns. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of curcumin in ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through mexC and mexD gene expression.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were obtained from hospitals and laboratories in Guilan province. After disc difusion and MIC tests, four ciprofloxacin resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) only (control sample) and in the combination with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles (test sample). After 24h, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed. Then, the expression of mexC and mexD genes was evaluated quantitatively by Real-time PCR method in curcumin treated and un-treated cells
Results: This study showed that combination of ciprofloxacin (1/2 MIC) with curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles led to approximately 50% of growth inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In treated cells with curcumin and ciprofloxacin compared to treated cells with ciprofloxacin alone, mexC and mexD genes were significantly (p<0.05) downregulated >0.65 fold in three isolates and >0.1 fold in four isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that curcumin encapsulated in micelle nanoparticles combined with 1/2 MIC value of ciprofloxacin inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through reducing mexC and mexD expression.
Maryam Sadrnia, Ghasem Habibi, Mohammad Arjomandzadegan,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In this study, the effect of Myrtus extracts on 25 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ESBL strains isolated from patients were compared by two methods.
Materials and Methods: 15 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 10 Escherichia coli ESBL isolates were used in this study. Fresh Leaves of Myrtus were collected from the herbal medicine farm. Extraction was performed using a reflux distillation. The effect of concentrations 0.195-100 micrograms per ml of Myrtus extract on clinical isolates was analyzed in disk diffusion method compared with micro broth dilution method and with MTT in 545 nm on an ELISA reader apparatus.
Findings: Inhibition zone diameter for the minimum effective concentration of 50 micrograms per milliliter in all isolates of ESBL and MRSA were as 8±1 mm and 11±1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 6.25mic/ml and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined 12.5mic/ml for E. coli ESBL. Furthermore, the amounts for MIC and MBC was determined as 12.5 and 25 mic/ml, respectively for Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed compliance of two methods in evaluation of drug-resistant clinical isolates. It was proved that the disk diffusion method could be determining range of effective concentration but micro broth method determines the effective concentration carefully. It is recommended that results obtained from disk diffusion not to be basis for final decisions in traditional medicine studies. Bacterial behavior in the broth and determination of the point of death greatly increases the accuracy of the results.
Farzaneh Rooshenas, Mahboobeh Ashrafi, Saeed Nazifi, Mahmoud Aminlari, Sara Talebanzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medicinal plants possessing antioxidant activity may reduce oxidative stress and improve the functions of various organs that affected by hyperglycemia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of saffron aqueous extract (SAE) administration to diabetic rats by measuring the oxidative stress parameters and important biochemical enzymes in liver tissue.
Materials and Methods: 72 hours after STZ administration (60 mg/kg body weight), the animals with fasting blood glucose over of 250 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic rats and experimental groups were: control (1), control drug (2), diabetes (3) and diabetes drug (4). The treatment was started on the 7th day after STZ injection with i.p injection of SAE (200mg/kg body weight), five doses and weekly to groups 2 and 4. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical factors were measured after bleeding and harvesting of tissues.
Findings: Results indicated the perturbation in the activity of important liver enzymes in diabetic group (3) and SAE adjusted and normalized their levels activity. In addition, SAE with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviated diabetes induced oxidative stress and thus reduced MDA levels in group 4 compared to group 3.
Conclusion: SAE is not only useful in the controlling of blood glucose, but also has antioxidant potential to protect the liver tissue of diabetic rats against damage caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.
Hamid Motamedi, Shahnaz Dehbashi, Hamed Tahmasebi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) has many pathogens. Antibiotic resistance may increase the invasion of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the role and effect of some antibiotic resistance in the spread of pathogenic strains of S.aureus in different clinical specimens.
Materials and Methods: 95 clinical isolates of S.aureus were collected from different clinical specimens. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) for 6 different classes. Identification of adhesion agent genes in isolated isolates was performed using Multiplex-PCR and specific primers. For analysis of the results, GraphPad Prism version 6 and ꭕ2 statistical sampling was used. p≤0.05 was considered significant.
Findings: Of 95 isolates of S.aureus, 29 isolates (30.52%) were resistant to methicillin, 12 isolates (12.63%), resistant to clindamycin, 48 isolates (50.52%), resistant to gatyfloxacin, 88 (92.63%) isolates resistant to gentamicin, 57 (60%) isolates resistant to erythromycin and 79 isolates (83.15%) were resistant to tetracycline. fnbA genes were isolated in 14 isolates (14.73%), fnbB in 29 isolates (30.52%), fib in 21 isolates (22.10%), clfA in 17 isolates (17.89%) and clfB in 19 isolates (20%). There was a significant correlation between resistance to macular antibiotics, tetracycline, beta-lactam, lacosamide, aminoglycoside and pathogens.
Conclusion: The adhesion factors in S.aureus possibly cause some structural changes and cause resistance to various antibiotic classes.
Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi, Behrang Alani, Mahdi Noureddini,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Recent findings in cell therapy have presented new perspectives and opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. The experimental research with intranasal (IN) administration of Stem Cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse model can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. Adult Human endometrial derived stem cells (HEDSCs), a readily obtainable type of mesenchymal stem-like cell were used to generate dopaminergic cells and for cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of IN-delivered HEDSCs in mice model of Parkinson.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 35 male mouse weighting 25-30 g were divided into 5 groups. On day 120 post cell administration, the rotational behavior was measured. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect HEDSCs in mice brain.
Findings: IN application of HEDSCs resulted in the appearance of cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and decrease in the rotational behavior of case group.
Conclusion: HEDSCs are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that improve Parkinson’s disease.
Mohammad Khalili Kelaki, Ruholah Karimzadeh , Neda Soleimani, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Maghsud Arshadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Background and Aim: Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive approach to cancer, which is used to combine non-toxic photosensitizer and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Graphene Oxide (GO)as an organic matter with many oxygen groups on photodynamic on destroying cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro. The study groups included the first group of drug with different concentrations of graphene oxide (333.3, 285.7, 230.7, 166.6, 90.9,
47.6 µg/ml), the second group co-drug and laser light irradiation and the control group consisted of cells treated only with laser irradiation and the control group was treated with no treatment. Cells were exposed to visible laser irradiation (405 nm) at 0.1 W / cm2. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code SBU/S.1397.46A has been approved by research ethics committee at Shahid Behesht University of Tehran, Iran.
Findings: The results of in vitro experiments showed that the dark toxicity of graphene oxide at concentrations of less than the 90.9 μg / ml concentration had no significant effect on cancer cells. Also, laser light alone don’t has toxic effect on cells. But graphene oxide-mediated dynamic light therapy has reduced the bioavailability of cancer cells on average by 21% over dark toxicity. Results are presented as mean of three independent replications, standard error, and p< 0.05 was considered significant.
Conclusion: In this study, graphene oxide is fully biodegradable at concentrations below a certain value, but with increasing concentration, the toxicity effect increases. With exposure to light and graphene oxide, viability decreses that it is more effective for in vivio studies.
Ali Ganji, Amir Mohammad Saeedi, Ali Ghazavi, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, it is important to find newer, more selective, and more effective therapies for this disease. One of these methods that have attracted many researchers is using anticancer peptides regarding their specificity, lower side effects, and higher effectiveness on the cancer cells. One type of anticancer peptides is antimicrobial peptides. Although they have already been studied and introduced as potential agents to fight infectious diseases, only recently they have been used as a new way of cancer treatment. For decades, antimicrobial peptides have been considered a component of the native immune system; however, they can also be used as anticancer peptides due to their mechanisms and properties. This new therapeutic approach can provide a promising pathway for optimal cancer treatment with fewer side effects.
Mahdieh Mondanizadeh, Niloofar Moradi, Razieh Amini, Behzad Khansarinejad, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most commonly occurring leukemia in adults, accounting for about 30-25% of total leukemia. One of the important etiological causes of this leukemia is the disruption of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. The two proteins of Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) and B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) play a role in the pathogenesis of this leukemia by affecting the NF-kB signaling pathway. In this study, due to the effect of miRNAs in regulating many cellular processes, the prediction of the prominent miRNAs targeting APRIL and BAFF transcripts in B-cell CLL patients was evaluated using specific and different bioinformatics programs.
Methods & Materials Afterwards retrieving the sequences of APRIL and BAFF proteins from the NCBI website, by using several programs including miRanda, TargetScan, miRWalk, DIANA and miRDB with different algorithms, the prediction of miRNAs targeting these genes was investigated.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Results Based on the scoring system of bioinformatics programs, “hsa-miR-145-5p” and “hsa-miR-185-5p” were identified as miRNAs targeting APRIL gene, while “hsa-miR-424” and “hsa-miR-497”were miRNAs targeting BAFF gene. They were suggested for the practical studies in future.
Conclusion Based on the important role of APRIL and BAFF genes in the normal process of cell death and B-cell evolution, it seems that the mi-RNAs predicted by bioinformatics programs using different algorithms can be used as a diagnostic molecular biomarker to identify B-cell CLL patients.
Saeed Hajihashemi, Razie Rajabi, Atefeh Ghiasabadi Farahani,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim Gentamicin antibiotic has some side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment effects of using hydroethanolic extract of Origanum Vulgare (OV) on nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin.
Methods & Materials In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control (n=8), gentamicin (n=8; 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 8 days and gavage of distilled water for 2 days), OV extract group (intraperitoneal injection of normal saline for 8 days and using 40 mg/kg OV extract by gavage for 2 days), and gentamicin+ OV extract (intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day for 8 days and using 40 mg/kg OV extract by gavage for 2 days). The concentration of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and osmolarity were measured in plasma and urine samples. The right kidney was used to measure Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP).
Ethical Considerations This article was obtained from a research proposal approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code:IR.ARAKMU.REC. 1394.284)
Results Post-treatment administration of hydroethanolic extract of OV significantly decreased the concentration of urea, creatinine, absolute sodium excretion, relative sodium and potassium excretion, and MDA levels but significantly increased creatinine, urine osmolality and FRAP levels.
Conclusion Oral administration of OV extract as post-treatment method improved nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin use by reducing oxidative stress of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in the affected kidneys.
Mohsen Khaki, Hamid Abtahi, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The most important problem in the production of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic cells is the disruption of the function of these proteins due to their altered natural structure. The aim of present study is to identify the best chemicals dialysis buffer additives in order to improve the protein structure of recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, different chemicals additives were selected using relevant software. After adding these additives to the recombinant VEGF dialysis buffer, their effect on the refolding of recombinant proteins and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry method.
Ethical Considerations: This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: ARAKMU. REC.1394.199).
Results: The results showed that the addition of arginine, cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT) to dialysis buffer increases the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells. With the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl), cysteine, arginine and DTT in treated cells, the rate of specific Cluster Differentiation (CD) markers of endothelial cell (CD31/144) was at the highest level.
Conclusion: Adding cysteine, arginine, DTT and NaCl to the dialysis buffer of recombinant VEGF had the greatest effect on the mesenchymal cell differentiation into endothelial cells.
Sedigheh Ahmadi, Saeid Toulabi, Hossein Ilanloo,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Adolescent students are at high risk for substance abuse. The tendency to substance abuse in students is of significant importance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the tendency to substance abuse based on resilience and procrastination in high school students.
Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The statistical population consisted of high-school male students in district 12 of Tehran City, Iran, in the academic year of 2017-2018. The statistical sample consisted of 149 individuals who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The data collection instruments were Conner and Davidson’s Persistence Questionnaire (2003), Solomon and Roth Blum (1984), and Golparvar Substance Abuse Tendency Questionnaire (2003). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kharazmi University (Code: IR.KHU.REC1397.29).
Results: The current study results suggested a significant relationship between resilience and the tendency to substance abuse (P<0.05). There was a significant and positive relationship between academic procrastination and the tendency to substance abuse (P<0.05) in the study samples. Academic resilience and procrastination could explain 54% of the variance in substance abuse tendency in the investigated adolescents. Resiliency (-0.556) and academic procrastination (-0.436) played a significant role in predicting the tendency of substance abuse in adolescents.
Conclusion: Academic resilience and procrastination predicted a tendency for substance abuse in secondary school students. Therefore, these risk factors need to be considered in preventive measures and interventions for this age group.
Zakiyeh Gharib, Naser Sanchooli, Nima Sanadgol,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between Endoplasmic Reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) by analyzing the expression patterns of related genes in animal models.
Methods & Materials: Microarray data of AD patients’ brain tissues were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These data were first analyzed in GEO2R online tool. Then, the expression of ER-phagy related genes were isolated and the protein interaction networks were plotted by STRING database for the genes with increased expression. Finally, the relationship between the genes that had significant increased expression were designed, and the expression of new identified genes in each study was examined.
Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were considered in this article.
Results: Genes involved in ER-phagy showed a sporadic expression in different AD models. An increase in the expression of ER-phagy regulatory 1 (FAM134B) gene was observed in studies with the mutation in both Microtubule-associated Protein Tau (MAPT) and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) genes. Increase in the expression of NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) gene was observed in two studies that had mutations in APP, Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and MAPT genes. Moreover, SEC62 homolog and Cell Cycle Progression 1 (CCPG1) genes both showed decreased expression in one study. Finally, the expression of Reticulon 3 (RTN3) was not significant in any of the studies.
Conclusion: The genes involved in ER-phagy have a sporadic expression in AD models, where only two genes FAM134B and NPC1 are involved in AD. The FAM134B gene seems to interact with the Wnk1 gene, which plays a role in cell survival and proliferation, in the hippocampus and forebrain. It also interacts with the Map1lc3b gene, which has a role in phagosome deletion and protein ubiquitination, in the forebrain. It also interacts with the Map1lc3b gene, which has a role in phagosome deletion and protein ubiquitination, in the forebrain. NPC1 had interaction with the Abcg1 gene, which activates lipid homeostasis, in the subventricular zone.
Kurosh Farhadtoski, Mojtaba Bayani, Hamid Sarlak, Zohreh Salimi,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of periodontitis and it generally considered as a progressive inflammatory disease. Environmental and systemic factors can alter the immune response to biofilm and lead to progressive degenerative disease. Chronic periodontitis is defined as an infectious disease that causes inflammation in the tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal attachment loss, and bone loss. Identification of risk factors for this disease is important. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the risk factors for chronic periodontitis.
Methods & Materials: This case-control study was conducted on 120 periodontitis patients and 120 healthy controls in Arak, Iran. A questionnaire was used to estimate their Socio-Economic Status (SES) and survey demographic and risk factors. For the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, the identification of plaque accumulation site and clinical examination were performed. To investigate the association of chronic periodontitis with study variables, multilevel logistic regression analysis was used in STATA V. 11 software.
Ethical Considerations: This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences under code: 1397.145.
Results: The Odds Ratio (OR) of chronic periodontitis in adults aged above 30 years was 2.91 (95% CI: 1.01-8.73). Compared to subjects with low SES, the OR of chronic periodontitis was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.22- 4.27) in those with moderate SES and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.98) in those with high SES. Compared to patients who did not brush their teeth, the OR of chronic periodontitis was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.39-0.89) in patients reported toothbrushing. Compared to those who reported changing toothbrush sooner than 3 months, the OR was 4.96 (95% CI: 2.27-11.3) in those their changed their toothbrush for more than 6 months interval. The OR of chronic periodontitis in current smokers was 3.09 (95% CI: 1.52-4.76).
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tooth brushing, and SES are the risk factors associated with chronic periodontitis.
Saeed Tahmasebi, Sharbanoo Oryan, Hamid Reza Mohajerani, Neda Akbari, Mohammad Reza Palizvan,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Epilepsy is a common brain disorder. Brain function can be affected by the intestinal microflora. The intestinal microflora have a major role in modulating immune responses, producing essential metabolites and mediating neurotransmitters. Antibiotics can affect and reduce these roles and functions by eliminating the intestinal microflora. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intestinal natural micro flora removal on seizure susceptibility and seizure behavior modification with the use of probiotics in male Wistar rats.
Methods & Materials: This study was performed on 32 male Wistar rats with weight range 200-250 gr. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: 1. Control group; 2. Antibiotic group; 3. Probiotic group and 4. Antibiotic + probiotic group. To remove the microflora, antibiotics (neomycin, ampicillin, and metronidazole) for three weeks and for replacement of microflora, probiotics (Lactobacilli casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) for four weeks were administered. Seizures were performed by intraperitoneal injection of pentylentrazole. The microflora was examined by the MRS Agar medium and the Pure Plate method. The data were statistically analyzed in Graph Pad Prism V. 8.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.176).
Results: The use of antibiotics lead to decrease the number of intestinal bacteria (P<0.0001), increased the severity and stability of seizure stages (P<0.05) and decreased the time delay of seizure onset (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Probiotic consumption by modifying the intestinal microflora (P<0.0001) reduced the severity of seizure and increased the time delay of seizure onset (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Elimination of microflora has the potential to induce seizures, which can be compensated by administration of probiotics.
Mahboubeh Sheikhan, Mohammad Reza Kordi, Hamid Rajabi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Several microRNAs are involved in regulating muscle mass, which plays an essential role in hypertrophy and atrophy of skeletal muscle, The present study examined the expression of some genes as regulators of muscular atrophy following a period of inertia in rats.
Methods & Materials: For this purpose, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (Control, Exercise+inactivity, and Inactivity). The exercise+inactivity group run on the treadmill for 18 weeks and five times per week. The hindlimb of the animal was immobilized for seven days with the casting method. Soleus muscle was extracted and the expression of the genes was measured by the RT-PCR method. Univariate ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to determine the differences (α=0.05).
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research approved this study (Code: IR.SUMS.REC.1396.S 463).
Results: Results showed that immobilization in both Exercise+ inactivity and inactivity groups, compare to the control group, increased expression of miR-1 genes (P<0.10), FOXO3a (P<0.001) and decreased expression of miR-206 (P<0.007) and IGF-1 (P<0.001). This difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that changes in the expression of RNAs by chromatography cause changes in the expression of muscle regulating genes, and although endurance exercises have protective effects, they cannot prevent these changes.
Hossein Hemmati, Jalal Aboutalebi, Mohaya Farzin, Ghazaleh Hemmati, Elahe Rafiei,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim This study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical information of patients undergoing surgery with ultrasound in internal jugular vein cannulation.
Methods & Materials After the approval of the plan in the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, this study was performed in the general surgery department of Razi Hospital in 2018 on 100 patients in need of central venous catheter implantation. The neck type (distance between the two designated areas) was entered in a special form made by the researcher and after the completion of the design, it was examined and statistically analyzed.
Ethical Considerations This research ethically approved by the Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.GUMS.REC.1396.20)
Results The mean age of the studied patients was 58.72±16.09 years. The anatomical and sonographic margins between the two Land Mark areas were higher in men VS women, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the other variables. (P>0.05).
Conclusion The findings of this study show that catheterization of the internal jugular vein under the guidance of ultrasound was less access time and fewer complications.
