Background and Aim: There are two philosophies about the origin of the immune system, defense and homeostasis. In this article, the existential philosophy of the immune system was  reviewed, in which the defense role is only part of its homeostasis functions.
Materials and Methods: The Medline was searched for terms such as “Homeostasis”، “Immunculus”، “Natural autoantibody” “Evaluation” and “Immune system”.
Findings: Hemostasis is the most important part of immune regulation and the existential philosophy of this system, so that its defensive role is only part of homeostasis functions. Natural antibodies play this role as immune reflection by showing qualitative and quantitative changes in the antigenic composition of the body. Therefore, the level of natural antibodies can also serve as a prognostic marker.
Conclusion: Although many improvements have been made in explaining the hemostatic role of the immune system, many studies have to be conducted to identify its particular aspects.
 

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes exerts an anti-angiogenesis effects on the cardiac tissue. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 of cardiac tissue in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: 36 male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, Diabetic Endurance Training (DET), Diabetic Control (DC) and Healthy Control (HC). Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The endurance training included 10 weeks, 5 sessions per week running at speed of 27 m/min and intensity of 75% VO2max for 20-30min in 1st week and reached to 27 m/min and intensity of 75% VO2max for 60 min/day in 10th weeks. The gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 were examined by Real-Time PCR AND Western Blotting.
Findings: The results of Real-Time PCR showed that the endurance training caused increase in VEGF mRNA (p<0.05) and VEGFR2 mRNA (p<0.05) compared to DC group. The results of Western Blotting also indicated that the endurance training induced increase in VEGF protein expression (p<0.05) compared to DC group and there was no significant change in expression of VEGFR2 protein (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes impairs the angiogenesis process in diabetic cardiac. It appears that endurance training has positive impact on angiogenesis and it can cause the improvement of diabetic cardiac.
 

Background and Aim: Recent findings in cell therapy have presented new perspectives and opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. The experimental research with intranasal (IN) administration of Stem Cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse model can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. Adult Human endometrial derived stem cells (HEDSCs), a readily obtainable type of mesenchymal stem-like cell were used to generate dopaminergic cells and for cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of IN-delivered HEDSCs in mice model of Parkinson.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 35 male mouse weighting 25-30 g were divided into 5 groups. On day 120 post cell administration, the rotational behavior was measured. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect HEDSCs in mice brain.
Findings: IN application of HEDSCs resulted in the appearance of cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and decrease in the rotational behavior of case group.
Conclusion: HEDSCs are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that improve Parkinson’s disease.
 

Background and Aim Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) with hyperactivity is one of the behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. The mobile health is an economical, available, and useful tool for training the mothers with ODD and hyperactive child. The research aimed to examine the effectiveness of parent training behavioral management program by mobile health to mothers to reduce oppositional and aggression symptoms in children with ODD and hyperactivity.
Methods and Materials The method of this research was a single case experiment by the A-B model. The participants of this study ranged from 7 to 12 years old children and their mothers in Tehran who referred to Rooyesh-e-Talaee Institute and diagnosed with ODD and hyperactivity in 2018. Four children and their mothers were selected with simple random sampling. The intervention implemented in ten 60- 90-minute sessions. For data analysis using the charts, improve percent, and RCI.
Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Khatam University, Iran approved this study (Code: Kh.96.S.100.3123).
Results Children with ODD and hyperactivity showed improvement in comparison with baseline measures. The overall improvement in their defiant was 61.43% and in aggression was 55.33%, and the RCI was higher than 1.96 for all three children. The results showed that the two hypotheses were clinically significant.
Conclusion The mobile health training with its related apps was a useful, low cost, available, and suitable method for mothers with ODD and hyperactive children. It can also be complementary to counseling services for mothers with the ODD and hyperactive children. Besides, this technology can be helpful for the country's health system and sustainable health development.

Background and Aim Exercise improves sensitivity to insulin by reducing some adipokines including chemerin. However, the effect of endurance exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise on chemerin level and insulin resistance in obese male rats is still unknown. 
Methods & Materials In this study 27 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of sedentary control (n=6), endurance exercise (n=8), high-intensity intermittent exercise (n=8) and untreated obese control (n=5). Both endurance and high intensity intermittent exercise groups performed exercises for 8 weeks. The plasma level of chemerin was measured by ELISA method. 
Ethical Considerations ???
Results The chemerin level was significantly reduced in the endurance group compared to the untreated obese control group (P<0.01), but it had no significant change compared to the sedentary control group. Moreover, the plasma level of chemerin in the high-intensity intermittent group was not significantly different from that of untreated obese control group and sedentary control group (P>0.05) and chemerin level reduction in the endurance group was significant compared to the high-intensity intermittent group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the insulin resistance reported in high-intensity intermittent group compared to that of endurance group (P>0.05), but its difference in high-intensity intermittent and endurance training groups was significant compared to that of untreated obese control and sedentary control groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion Both endurance and high-intensity intermittent exercises can reduce insulin resistance which can be due to the reduction of chemerin plasma level and weight loss.

Background and Aim Among the plants with multiple healing properties and a long and common history of use in Iranian traditional medicine, is dog-rose plant with the scientific name of “Rosa canina” that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of Rosa canina in treatment of different body organs and tissues and emphasizes its therapeutic mechanism.
Methods & Materials This is a review study. About 176 papers published from 2010 to 2018 were extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, MagIran, and SID databases using related keywords and entered into study. 
Ethical Considerations Ethical issues (including plagiarism, misconduct, data fabrication, falsification, double publication or submission, redundancy) have been completely observed by the authors. 
Results Different studies had indicated the importance of Rosa canina as a medicinal plant protecting liver, lowering glucose and lipid levels, and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest flavonoid activity in the Rosaceae family is related to Rosa canina. The use of herbal extracts in the treatment of common diseases, such as diabetes, fatty liver, urinary tract and Alzheimer's, has been recommended.
Conclusion High qualitative and quantitative diversity of effective ingredients, ease of access, absence of adverse effects of consumption and endemic nature of Rosa canina plant make it necessary to use it for the control and treatment of common human diseases.

Background and Aim: recent years, increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli has led to limitations of treatment options. This study aimed to find the frequency of blaTEM and blaPER genes among ESBL producing urinary isolates of E. coli and detect their resistance pattern.
Methods & Materials: From January 2016 to February 2017, 972 urine samples from patients suspected of having urinary tract infections in three main hospitals and laboratories in Karaj were collected. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL production were performed according to the standard guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of TEM and PER -lactamases.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Branch (Code: IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1396.274).
Results: Out of 972 samples, 500 cases were culture-positive for E. coli. Thirty-six percent (n =180) of the isolates were determined as ESBL-producer. Among ESBL positive isolates, the most susceptibility was observed in amikacin and imipenem (80 and 60% respectively). Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin was 92.7%, 78.9%, 66.1% and 57.8%, respectively. All ESBL producers exhibited multidrug resistance. Among the ESBL-positive isolates, blaTEM gene was detected in 44.72% (n=85) of the isolates, but the blaPER gene was not found in any of the isolates.
Conclusion: The prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBLs producing uropatogenic E. coli is high. Continues monitoring of ESBL producers and their resistance patterns can help to reduce the spread of such resistant strains in the community. 

Background and Aim: From the viewpoint of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), hemorrhoidal bleeding is not only an organic disease; it also indicates the quality and quantity of blood and temperaments in the body. According to this view, bleeding from different areas has several causes, two important causes of which are: a. vascular hyperemia and consequent blooding in bleeding-prone areas, and b. changes in blood quality that cause the arteries to open and bleed. This study, by reporting a case of hemorrhoidal bleeding, is an evidence of some therapeutic principles in ITM.
Case Report: Patient was a 39-year-old married woman with four children and warm-wet temperament complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding for one year. After three months of herbal drug administration, menstrual bleeding became normal. One month later, she had hemorrhoidal bleeding. Her bleeding was treated based on ITM method by removing the black bile (Soda) from the body, phlebotomy and leech therapy around the anus.
Ethical Considerations: This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with code: IR.MUQ.REC.1396.110.
Conclusion: Based on ITM, it seems that the cause of hemorrhoidal bleeding in this case is vascular hyperemia and poor blood quality following symptomatic treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.